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Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Aug 2018- Tumor budding has received increasing recognition as an important independent prognostic factor in colorectal carcinoma. Prominent tumor budding in adenocarcinoma... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
- Tumor budding has received increasing recognition as an important independent prognostic factor in colorectal carcinoma. Prominent tumor budding in adenocarcinoma arising in a polyp has been shown to be a risk factor for lymph node involvement. The variability in methods used for evaluating tumor budding in different studies and lack of standardized guidelines have impeded routine inclusion of tumor budding in pathology reports. This changed last year with consensus guidelines based on the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC). These guidelines have been included in the recent College of American Pathologists (CAPs) Colorectal Cancer Protocol. The consensus methodology will allow uniform reporting of this finding, but challenges in interpretation in the setting of intense inflammation, fibrosis, or gland fragmentation need to be addressed in future guidelines.
OBJECTIVE
- To provide a brief overview of the known clinical significance of tumor budding in colorectal carcinoma and discuss the practical aspects of its implementation on a routine basis.
DATA SOURCES
- English-language pathology literature.
CONCLUSIONS
- Tumor budding has been shown to be an independent prognostic marker in colorectal carcinomas and the routine reporting of tumor buds is now advocated by using the approach outlined by the ITBCC guidelines. Tumor budding is included in the CAP protocol as a recommended element. Presence of prominent tumor budding in an adenocarcinoma in a polyp may have implications for management, such as additional resection, while it serves as a prognostic factor in other settings.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Clinical Decision-Making; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Observer Variation; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prognosis
PubMed: 30040461
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0082-RA -
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Feb 2021Tumour ulceration has unfavourable prognostic factor in stage I-II melanoma. The aim of this study was to question whether tumour ulceration might predict relapse and...
BACKGROUND
Tumour ulceration has unfavourable prognostic factor in stage I-II melanoma. The aim of this study was to question whether tumour ulceration might predict relapse and survival in melanomas of all stages.
METHODS
A total of 911 melanoma patients were analysed.
RESULTS
The 5-year relapse-free survival rates were 50.0% for ulcerated melanomas and 75.8% for all non-ulcerated melanomas (P = 0.0001). Ulcerated melanomas had lower relapse-free survival rates than non-ulcerated melanomas in all T-stages (P = 0.0001). The relapse-free survival rates were statistically significant for T1 (P = 0.02), T3 (P = 0.01) and T4 (P = 0.004); however, T2 (P = 0.07). There were significant differences between ulcerated melanomas and non-ulcerated melanomas regarding relapse-free survival rates for both N0 (P = 0.0001) and N1 (P = 0.01) patients; poor relapse-free survival rates were found to be in association with ulcerated melanomas (P = 0.06 for N1, P = 0.04 for N2 and P = 0.8 for N3 disease). The 5- year overall survival rates were 55.3 and 81.5% for ulcerated melanomas and non-ulcerated melanomas, respectively (P = 0.0001). Ulcerated melanomas had lower overall survival rates than non-ulcerated melanomas in all T-stages; they were statistically significant for T1 (P = 0.01), T2 (P = 0.03) and T4 (P = 0.006), but not for T3 (P = 0.3). Ulceration predicted poor survival in N0 patients; however, it was not found significant although its overall survival rate was lower in node-positive patients (P = 0.09), and ulceration was a significantly poor prognostic factor only for N3 patients (P = 0.03), but not for N1 (P = 0.9) and N2 patients (P = 0.2). Furthermore, non-metastatic patients with ulcerated melanomas survived significantly less (P = 0.0001), but there were no differences in survivals between ulcerated melanoma and non-ulcerated melanoma metastatic melanoma patients (P = 0.1).
CONCLUSION
Primary tumour ulceration has been considered as a poor prognostic factor in local melanomas, but it might also have a potential for predicting survival in loco-regional and advanced melanomas.
Topics: Adult; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Skin Neoplasms; Survival Rate; Ulcer
PubMed: 33159197
DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa191 -
International Journal of... 2022Glioma is a common type of brain tumor with high incidence and mortality rates. Procollagen C-protease enhancer protein (PCOLCE) has been shown to regulate tumor growth...
Procollagen C-protease enhancer protein is a prognostic factor for glioma and promotes glioma development by regulating multiple tumor-related pathways and immune microenvironment.
OBJECTIVES
Glioma is a common type of brain tumor with high incidence and mortality rates. Procollagen C-protease enhancer protein (PCOLCE) has been shown to regulate tumor growth and metastasis in several cancers. However, the role of PCOLCE in glioma is unknown. This study aims to assess the association between PCOLCE and prognosis of glioma, and investigated the potential mechanisms.
METHODS
The prognostic value of PCOLCE was determined using data from nine publicly available glioma cohorts. We also investigated the relationship between PCOLCE and glioma immune microenvironment and predicted response to immunotherapy based on the expression levels of PCOLCE. The potential roles of PCOLCE in glioma were also explored and validated in cell experiment.
RESULTS
Survival analysis suggested that high-PCOLCE expression was associated with poor prognosis in glioma. Upregulation of PCOLCE enhanced an immune suppressive microenvironment in glioma by regulating immunocyte infiltration and Cancer-Immunity Cycle. Cox and ROC analysis revealed that PCOLCE was a prognostic factor for glioma and could be used to predict survival of the patients. Patients with low-PCOLCE expression were more likely to respond to Immunotherapy with ICI (immune checkpoint inhibitor) and survive longer. Enrichment analysis showed that PCOLCE was associated with multiple tumor-related pathways. Finally, we demonstrated that the knockdown of PCOLCE inhibited glioma development by regulating cell cycle and promoting apoptosis in in vitro experiments.
CONCLUSION
PCOLCE promotes glioma progression by regulating multiple tumor-related pathways and immune microenvironment and can be used as a prognostic factor for glioma.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Neoplasms; Glioma; Humans; Peptide Hydrolases; Procollagen; Prognosis; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 35609253
DOI: 10.1177/03946320221104548 -
Anticancer Research Jul 2021The aim of this study was the analysis of the influence of prognostic factors on short- and long-term outcomes of gastric cancer resection.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was the analysis of the influence of prognostic factors on short- and long-term outcomes of gastric cancer resection.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A database of 709 patients who had gastric cancer resection between 2007 and 2015 was compiled.
RESULTS
Total gastrectomy (TG) and subtotal proximal gastrectomy (SPG) significantly increased the risk of overall complications (p=0.0015 and 0.0173, respectively) and surgical complications (p=0.0141 and 0.0035, respectively). Moreover the resection of an additional organ was an independent prognostic factor of overall complications (p<0.0001), systemic complications (p=0.0503), surgical complications (p<0.0001) and relaparotomy (p=0.0259). T stage (p<0.0001), N stage (p<0.0001), M stage (p<0.0001) and radical resection (p<0.0001) significantly affected 5-year survival rates.
CONCLUSION
Early diagnosis and radical resection was crucial in 5-year survival rates. However, the type of gastrectomy and the resection of an additional organ were the most important factors in short-term outcomes of treatment for such patients.
Topics: Aged; Female; Gastrectomy; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34230148
DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15140 -
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer Dec 2023The prognostic value of the distinction between microscopic (pT3a) and macroscopic (pT3b) perivesical fat invasions remains a subject of debate. To explore whether the...
BACKGROUND
The prognostic value of the distinction between microscopic (pT3a) and macroscopic (pT3b) perivesical fat invasions remains a subject of debate. To explore whether the pattern of perivesical fat invasion can serve as a prognostic factor to better subgroup T3 stage bladder cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred and forty-nine patients diagnosed with T3 stage bladder cancer at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) were selected for the experimental cohort in this study. Ninety-seven T3 stage bladder cancer patients with pathological slices at the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were selected as validation cohort in this study. The perivesical fat invasive pattern was examined with hematoxylin and eosin-stained pathological slides by two pathologists independently. Two different perivesical fat invasive patterns, fibrous-surrounded (FS) pattern, and nonfibrous-surrounded (NFS) pattern were assessed.
RESULTS
Perivesical fat invasion pattern had a significant influence on overall survival in T3 stage bladder cancer. Compared to the NFS pattern, the FS pattern was related to a better prognosis in both the SYSUCC cohort and TCGA cohort. The patients with NFS pattern tumor who underwent cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy experienced an obvious improvement compared to observation after radical cystectomy in overall survival in the SYSUCC cohort.
CONCLUSION
The perivesical fat invasion pattern could predict prognosis and clinically different chemotherapeutic survival outcomes in patients with T3 stage bladder cancer after radical cystectomy.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Cystectomy; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
PubMed: 37286409
DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.05.005 -
Annals of Oncology : Official Journal... Oct 2019
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Prognosis; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 31504141
DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz294 -
International Journal of Colorectal... Sep 2021Liver metastasis (LM) significantly shortens the survival time of colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) patients. This research aimed to explore risk and prognostic...
PURPOSE
Liver metastasis (LM) significantly shortens the survival time of colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) patients. This research aimed to explore risk and prognostic factors in colorectal NENs patients with LM and develop nomograms for predicting the risk of LM and survival probability quantitatively.
METHODS
A total of 9926 colorectal NENs patients registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2017 were included. Risk factors for LM in colorectal NENs patients were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Potential prognostic factors for colorectal NENs patients with LM were identified by multivariable Cox regression analysis. Nomograms were constructed for quantifying the probability of LM occurrence and survival.
RESULTS
At diagnosis, 8.7% of colorectal NENs patients suffered LM, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates of 44.3%, 26.5%, and 18.0%, respectively. Factors associated with LM occurrence included gender, age at diagnosis, primary tumor location, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), histological differentiation, T stage, and N stage. Age at diagnosis, race, histological differentiation, N stage, tumor size, primary tumor location, primary site surgery, and extraliver metastasis were prognostic factors of cancer-specific mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of the nomogram for predicting LM was 0.888 (95% CI: 0.877-0.898), and the C-index of the nomogram for estimating CSS probability was 0.705 (95% CI: 0.682-0.729).
CONCLUSIONS
This research identified the risk and prognostic factors in colorectal NENs patients with LM. The nomograms constructed by this study can be convenient tools for facilitating clinical decision-making.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Nomograms; Prognosis; Risk Factors; SEER Program
PubMed: 34061225
DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-03920-y -
Anticancer Research Dec 2022Although the efficacy of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil (TPF) as induction chemotherapy has been confirmed, the therapeutic outcome and prognostic factors of...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Although the efficacy of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil (TPF) as induction chemotherapy has been confirmed, the therapeutic outcome and prognostic factors of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) should be investigated.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Laboratory data of patients who underwent CCRT for advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck were investigated to clarify the grade of side effects. Survival rates and prognostic scores were also calculated. Multivariate analysis was performed to examine the prognostic factors of the patients.
RESULTS
Although there were significantly more advanced cases in the TPF group (n=72) than those in the cisplatin group (n=50), there were no significant differences in patient survival rates. In the TPF group, the lymphocyte count, albumin level, and C-reactive protein level of the patients before treatment were significantly correlated with patient outcomes.
CONCLUSION
CCRT using the TPF regimen had remarkable treatment effects in advanced head and neck cancer.
Topics: Humans; Docetaxel; Cisplatin; Prognosis; Chemoradiotherapy; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Fluorouracil; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36456163
DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16116 -
Journal of the College of Physicians... Oct 2020To investigate the prognostic factors affecting survival in patients with a deep gastric wall invasion of T3-T4 advanced gastric cancer.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prognostic factors affecting survival in patients with a deep gastric wall invasion of T3-T4 advanced gastric cancer.
STUDY DESIGN
Descriptive study.
PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kartal Koşuyolu High Specialty Training and Research Hospital, between November 2006 and December 2018.
METHODOLOGY
A retrospective review was made of 252 patients; and the clinicopathological characteristics and survival status in the presence of T1-T2 and T3-T4 patients were investigated. The cumulative survival of the two groups was analysed with a Kaplan-Meier test, and the differences were analysed with a log-rank test. The prognostic factors for T3-T4 patients were established through a stepwise Cox regression analysis.
RESULTS
Of the total, 52 (20.6%) patients had T1-T2 and 200 (79.4%) had T3-T4 gastric wall invasion. Statistical differences were noted in the Lauren classification as gender, tumor size, presence of lymph node involvement, presence of vascular and perineural invasion, and overall survival (p <0.001). A univariate analysis of the prognostic factors affecting survival in T3-T4 patients revealed a difference in the tumor localisation, tumor size, the presence of involved lymph nodes, perineural invasion, and vascular invasion. A multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors affecting survival identified differences in tumor size, the presence of involved lymph nodes and perineural invasion.
CONCLUSION
The most significant prognostic factor affecting survival in patients with T3-T4 gastric cancer, based on the depth of gastric wall invasion, was the tumor size, lymph node involvement and perineural invasion. Key Words: Advanced gastric cancer, Prognostic factor, Survival.
Topics: Gastrectomy; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Stomach Neoplasms; Survival Rate
PubMed: 33143825
DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2020.10.1047 -
Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical... Apr 2022B10 cells, a subset of regulatory B cells, can inhibit antitumor response and thus promote tumor development. This study explored the clinical meaning and prognostic...
BACKGROUND
B10 cells, a subset of regulatory B cells, can inhibit antitumor response and thus promote tumor development. This study explored the clinical meaning and prognostic value of circulating B10 cells in colorectal cancer (CRC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The proportion of B10 cells in peripheral blood in CRC patients and healthy controls was detected by multicolor flow cytometry.
RESULTS
The proportion of circulating B10 cells was remarkably elevated in CRC patients compared to normal controls (% of CD19 B cells; 16.6% (IQR 6.0%) versus 9.0% (IQR 5.7%), p < 0.001). B10 cells proportion was associated with tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage in CRC. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that CRC patients with high B10 cells proportion suffered worse overall survival than those with low B10 cells proportion. Multivariate analysis revealed that the proportion of B10 cells was an independent prognostic indicator for CRC patients.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that the proportion of circulating B10 cells is an independent prognostic factor for patients with CRC and thus may help guide the clinical decision in CRC.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis
PubMed: 34314570
DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13586