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Analytical Biochemistry Nov 2020Enzyme immobilization using inorganic membranes has enticed increased attention as they not only improve enzyme stability, but also furnish user-friendly biodevices that...
Enzyme immobilization using inorganic membranes has enticed increased attention as they not only improve enzyme stability, but also furnish user-friendly biodevices that can be tailored to different applications. Herein, we explored the suitability of the glass fiber membrane for enzyme immobilization and its application for halocarbon detection. For this, halohydrin dehalogenase (HheC) and bovine serum albumin were crosslinked and immobilized on a glass fiber membrane without membrane functionalization. Immobilized HheC exhibited higher storage stability than its free counterpart over 60 days at 4 °C (67% immobilized vs. 8.1% free) and 30 °C (77% immobilized vs. 57% free). Similarly, the thermal endurance of the immobilized HheC was significantly improved. The practical utility of the membrane-immobilized enzyme was demonstrated by colorimetric detection of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) and 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol (2,3-DBP) as model analytes. Under optimized conditions, the detection limits of 0.06 mM and 0.09 mM were achieved for 1,3-DCP and 2,3-DBP, respectively. The satisfactory recoveries were observed with spiked river and lake water samples, which demonstrate the application potential of immobilized HheC for screening contaminants in water samples. Our results revealed that the proposed frugal and facile approach could be useful for enzyme stabilization, and mitigation of halocarbon pollution.
Topics: Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Colorimetry; Enzyme Stability; Enzymes, Immobilized; Fresh Water; Glass; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolases; Limit of Detection; Propanols; Recombinant Proteins; Temperature; Water Pollutants, Chemical; alpha-Chlorohydrin
PubMed: 32979368
DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113971 -
Molecular Plant Jan 2015In recent years, biotechnology-derived production of flavors and fragrances has expanded rapidly. The world's most popular flavor, vanillin, is no exception. This review... (Review)
Review
In recent years, biotechnology-derived production of flavors and fragrances has expanded rapidly. The world's most popular flavor, vanillin, is no exception. This review outlines the current state of biotechnology-based vanillin synthesis with the use of ferulic acid, eugenol, and glucose as substrates and bacteria, fungi, and yeasts as microbial production hosts. The de novo biosynthetic pathway of vanillin in the vanilla orchid and the possible applied uses of this new knowledge in the biotechnology-derived and pod-based vanillin industries are also highlighted.
Topics: Benzaldehydes; Bioengineering; Biosynthetic Pathways; Propanols; Synthetic Biology; Vanilla
PubMed: 25578271
DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.11.008 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023The catalytic epoxidation of small alkenes and allylic alcohols includes a wide range of valuable chemical applications, with many works describing vanadium complexes as... (Review)
Review
The catalytic epoxidation of small alkenes and allylic alcohols includes a wide range of valuable chemical applications, with many works describing vanadium complexes as suitable catalysts towards sustainable process chemistry. But, given the complexity of these mechanisms, it is not always easy to sort out efficient examples for streamlining sustainable processes and tuning product optimization. In this review, we provide an update on major works of tunable vanadium-catalyzed epoxidations, with a focus on sustainable optimization routes. After presenting the current mechanistic view on vanadium catalysts for small alkenes and allylic alcohols' epoxidation, we argue the key challenges in green process development by highlighting the value of updated kinetic and mechanistic studies, along with essential computational studies.
Topics: Alkenes; Vanadium; Epoxy Compounds; Stereoisomerism; Propanols; Catalysis; Alcohols
PubMed: 37569673
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512299 -
Environmental Microbiology Jan 2021Acetobacterium woodii utilizes the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway for reductive synthesis of acetate from carbon dioxide. However, A. woodii can also perform non-acetogenic...
Acetobacterium woodii utilizes the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway for reductive synthesis of acetate from carbon dioxide. However, A. woodii can also perform non-acetogenic growth on 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) where instead of acetate, equal amounts of propionate and propanol are produced as metabolic end products. Metabolism of 1,2-PD occurs via encapsulated metabolic enzymes within large proteinaceous bodies called bacterial microcompartments. While the genome of A. woodii harbours 11 genes encoding putative alcohol dehydrogenases, the BMC-encapsulated propanol-generating alcohol dehydrogenase remains unidentified. Here, we show that Adh4 of A. woodii is the alcohol dehydrogenase required for propanol/ethanol formation within these microcompartments. It catalyses the NADH-dependent reduction of propionaldehyde or acetaldehyde to propanol or ethanol and primarily functions to recycle NADH within the BMC. Removal of adh4 gene from the A. woodii genome resulted in slow growth on 1,2-PD and the mutant displayed reduced propanol and enhanced propionate formation as a metabolic end product. In sum, the data suggest that Adh4 is responsible for propanol formation within the BMC and is involved in redox balancing in the acetogen, A. woodii.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Acetaldehyde; Acetates; Acetobacterium; Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Aldehydes; Bacterial Proteins; Carbon Dioxide; Ethanol; Genome, Bacterial; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 33283462
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15340 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2024Accurate determination of the concentration of alcohols and their metabolites is important in forensics and in several life science areas. A new headspace gas...
Accurate determination of the concentration of alcohols and their metabolites is important in forensics and in several life science areas. A new headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method has been developed to quantify alcohols and their oxidative products using isotope-labeled internal standards. The limit of detection (LOD) of the analytes in the developed method was 0.211 µg/mL for methanol, 0.158 µg/mL for ethanol, 0.157 µg/mL for isopropanol, 0.010 µg/mL for n-propanol, 0.157 µg/mL for acetone, and 0.209 µg/mL for acetaldehyde. The precision and accuracy of the method were evaluated, and the relative standard deviation percentages were found to be less than 3%. This work demonstrates the application of this method, specifically in quantifying the concentration of oxidative products of alcohol and other minor alcohols found in hand sanitizers, which have become an essential household item since the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from the major components, the minor alcohols found in hand sanitizers include methanol, isopropanol, and n-propanol. The concentration range of these minor alcohols found in ethanol-based hand sanitizer samples was as follows: methanol, 0.000921-0.0151 mg/mL; isopropanol, 0.454-13.8 mg/mL; and n-propanol, 0.00474-0.152 mg/mL. In ethanol-based hand sanitizers, a significant amount of acetaldehyde (0.00623-0.231 mg/mL) was observed as an oxidation product, while in the isopropanol-based hand sanitizer, acetone (0.697 mg/mL) was observed as an oxidation product. The concentration of acetaldehyde in ethanol-based hand sanitizers significantly increased with storage time and temperature, whereas no such increase in acetone concentration was observed in isopropanol-based hand sanitizers with storage time and temperature. In two of the selected hand sanitizers, the acetaldehyde levels increased by almost 200% within a week when stored at room temperature. Additionally, exposing the hand sanitizers to a temperature of 45 °C for 24 h resulted in a 100% increase in acetaldehyde concentration. On the contrary, the acetone level remained constant upon the change in storage time and temperature.
Topics: Humans; Methanol; Acetaldehyde; Hand Sanitizers; Acetone; 2-Propanol; 1-Propanol; Temperature; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Pandemics; Ethanol
PubMed: 38248538
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010074 -
ACS Sensors Jan 2023As an important biomarker of lung cancer, -propanol at the sub-ppm level is still challenging to be detected for a simple and immediate early diagnosis. In this work, a...
As an important biomarker of lung cancer, -propanol at the sub-ppm level is still challenging to be detected for a simple and immediate early diagnosis. In this work, a new -propanol gas sensor with an ultralow detection limit down to 100 ppb is presented using AgCrO nanoparticles synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. Compared with the congeneric CuCrO and commercial SnO, AgCrO exhibits prevailing performances, including a higher selectivity, dynamic response, and logarithmical linearity but lower working temperature. The first-principles calculation and the energy band theoretical analysis are combined to elucidate the sensing mechanism, in which the chemical adsorption of gaseous molecules to silver followed by the dehydrogenation on chromium on the surface of AgCrO is responsible for the outstanding susceptibility toward -propanol. The proposed metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor capable of sub-ppm -propanol detection provides a route to design and optimize the sensitive material system for the advanced trace detection of the volatile organic compounds.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Propanols; Nanoparticles; Adsorption; Chromium; Gases
PubMed: 36584336
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02182 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Jul 2015Structure and dynamics regulate protein function, but much less is known about how biomolecule-solvent interactions affect the structure-function relationship. Even less...
Structure and dynamics regulate protein function, but much less is known about how biomolecule-solvent interactions affect the structure-function relationship. Even less is known about the thermodynamics of biomolecule-solvent interactions and how such interactions influence conformational entropy. When transferred from propanol into 40:60 propanol:water under acidic conditions, a remarkably slow protonation reaction coupled with the conversion of the polyproline-I helix (PPI, having all cis-configured peptide bonds) into polyproline-II (PPII, all trans) helix is observed in this work. Kinetics and equilibrium measurements as a function of temperature allow determination of the thermochemistry and insight into how proton transfer is regulated in this system. For the proton-transfer process, PPI(+)(PrOH) + H3O(+) → PPII(2+)(PrOH/aq) + H2O, we determine ΔG = -20 ± 19 kJ·mol(-1), ΔH = -75 ± 14 kJ·mol(-1), and ΔS= -188 ± 48 J·mol(-1)·K(-1) for the overall reaction, and values of ΔG(⧧) = 91 ± 3 kJ·mol(-1), ΔH(⧧) = 84 ± 9 kJ·mol(-1), and ΔS(⧧) = -23 ± 31 J·mol(-1)·K(-1) for the transition state. For a minor process, PPI(+)(PrOH) → PPII(+)(PrOH/aq) without protonation, we determine ΔG = -9 ± 20 kJ·mol(-1), ΔH = 64 ± 14 kJ·mol(-1), and ΔS= 247 ± 50 J·mol(-1)·K(-1). This thermochemistry yields ΔG = -10 ± 29 kJ·mol(-1), ΔH = -139 ± 20 kJ·mol(-1), and ΔS= -435 ± 70 J·mol(-1)·K(-1) for PPII(+)(PrOH/aq) + H3O(+) → PPII(2+)(PrOH/aq) +H2O. The extraordinarily slow proton transfer appears to be an outcome of configurational coupling through a PPI-like transition state.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Entropy; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Peptides; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protons; Solvents; Water
PubMed: 26115587
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04287 -
ChemSusChem Oct 2022Upcoming biorefineries, such as lignin-first provide renewable aromatics containing unique aliphatic alcohols. In this context, a Cu-ZrO catalyzed hydrogen borrowing...
Upcoming biorefineries, such as lignin-first provide renewable aromatics containing unique aliphatic alcohols. In this context, a Cu-ZrO catalyzed hydrogen borrowing approach was established to yield tertiary amine from the lignin model monomer 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanol and the actual lignin-derived monomers, (3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol and dihydroconiferyl alcohol), with dimethylamine. Various industrial metal catalysts were evaluated, resulting in nearly quantitative mass balances for most catalysts. Identified intermediates, side and reaction products were placed into a corresponding reaction network, supported by kinetic evolution experiments. Cu-ZrO was selected as most suitable catalyst combining high alcohol conversion with respectable aliphatic tertiary amine selectivity. Low pressure H was key for high catalyst activity and tertiary amine selectivity, mainly by hindering undesired reactant dimethylamine disproportionation and alcohol amidation. Besides dimethylamine model, diverse secondary amine reactants were tested with moderate to high tertiary amine yields. As most active catalytic site, highly dispersed Cu species in strong contact with ZrO is suggested. ToF-SIMS, N O chemisorption, TGA and XPS of spent Cu-ZrO revealed that imperfect amine product desorption and declining surface Cu lowered the catalytic activity upon catalyst reuse, while thermal reduction readily restored the initial activity and selectivity demonstrating catalyst reuse.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Amines; Catalysis; Copper; Dimethylamines; Ethanol; Hydrogen; Lignin
PubMed: 35900053
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200868 -
Pest Management Science Dec 2023Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), including Meloidogyne species, are among the most destructive plant-parasites worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that entomopathogenic fungi...
BACKGROUND
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), including Meloidogyne species, are among the most destructive plant-parasites worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) can antagonize RKNs. Such antagonistic effects are likely mediated by toxic metabolites, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), produced by the fungi. However, how widespread these effects are across EPF species, and which VOCs mediate negative interactions between EPF and RKNs needs to be further elucidated.
RESULTS
First, we evaluated the nematicidal effect of VOCs emitted by 46 EPF isolates against Meloidogyne incognita and found variable toxicity depending on the isolate. Second, we measured the nematicidal effect of highly toxic isolates, including species in the genus Talaromyces, Aspergillus, Clonostachys, and Purpureocillium and, third, we analyzed the nematicidal effect of major VOCs, including 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, isopropyl alcohol and 2-methyl-3-pentanone. The mortality of M. incognita juveniles (J2s) was generally high (50%) either via airborne or in-solution contact with VOCs. Moreover, the tested VOCs significantly inhibited egg hatching, and repelled J2s away from the VOCs.
CONCLUSION
This study not only provides insights into the ecological function of VOCs in the rhizosphere, but also provides new approaches for developing environmentally friendly control methods of RKNs in agroecosystems. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Animals; Volatile Organic Compounds; Antinematodal Agents; Tylenchoidea; 2-Propanol; Hypocreales
PubMed: 37574969
DOI: 10.1002/ps.7719 -
Journal of Breath Research May 2015Experimental studies using trained dogs to identify breath odour markers of human cancer, published in the recent decade, have been analyzed and compared with the... (Review)
Review
Experimental studies using trained dogs to identify breath odour markers of human cancer, published in the recent decade, have been analyzed and compared with the authors' own results. Particular published studies differ as regards the experimental setup, kind of odour samples (breath, urine, tumor tissue, serum), sample collection methods, dogs' characteristics and dog training methods as well as in results presented in terms of detection sensitivity and specificity. Generally it can be stated that trained dogs are able to distinguish breath odour samples typical for patients with lung cancer and other cancers from samples typical for healthy humans at a 'better than by chance' rate. Dogs' indications were positively correlated with content of 2-pentanone and ethyl acetate (r = 0.97 and r = 0.85 respectively) and negatively correlated with 1-propanol and propanal in breath samples (r = -0.98 and -0.87 respectively). The canine method has some advantages as a potential cancer-screening method, due to its non-invasiveness, simplicity of odour sampling and storage, ease of testing and interpretation of results and relatively low costs. Disadvantages and limitations of this method are related to the fact that it is still not known exactly to which chemical compounds and/or their combinations the dogs react. So far it could not be confirmed that dogs are able to sniff out early preclinical cancer stages with approximately the same accuracy as already diagnosed cases. The detection accuracy may vary due to failure in conditioning of dogs, decreasing motivation or confounding factors. The dogs' performance should be systematically checked in rigorous double-blind procedures. Recommendations for methodological standardization have been proposed.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Acetates; Aged; Aldehydes; Animals; Breath Tests; Dogs; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Odorants; Pentanones; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smell; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 25944810
DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/2/027001