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International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022In the present study KrF Excimer laser has been employed to irradiate the Cadmium (Cd) targets for various number of laser pulses of 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000, at...
In the present study KrF Excimer laser has been employed to irradiate the Cadmium (Cd) targets for various number of laser pulses of 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000, at constant fluence of 3.6 J cm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was utilized to reveal the formation of laser induced nano/micro structures on the irradiated target (Cd) surfaces. SEM results show the generation of cavities, cracks, micro/nano wires/rods, wrinkles along with re-deposited particles during irradiation in air, whereas subsurface boiling, pores, cavities and Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) on the inner walls of cavities are revealed at the central ablated area after irradiation in propanol. The ablated volume and depth of ablated region on irradiated Cd targets are evaluated for various number of pulses and is higher in air as compared to propanol ambient. Fast Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses show the presence of oxides and hydro-oxides of Cd after irradiation in propanol, whereas the existence of oxides is observed after irradiation in air ambient. Nano-hardness tester was used to investigate mechanical modifications of ablated Cd. It reveals an increase in hardness after irradiation which is more pronounced in propanol as compared to air.
Topics: Cadmium; 1-Propanol; Lasers; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Oxides
PubMed: 36361538
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112749 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022The ability to predict the behaviour of high-pressure mixtures of carbon dioxide and alcohol is important for industrial purposes. The equilibrium composition of three...
The ability to predict the behaviour of high-pressure mixtures of carbon dioxide and alcohol is important for industrial purposes. The equilibrium composition of three binary carbon dioxide-alcohol systems was measured at temperatures of 313.15 K and 333.15 K and at pressures of up to 100 bar for carbon dioxide-2-propanol, up to 160 bar for carbon dioxide-1-butanol and up to 150 bar for carbon dioxide-2-butanol. Different equilibrium compositions of carbon dioxide in alcohols were observed despite their similar molecular weight ( = 60.100 g mol, = 74.121 g mol and = 74.122 g mol) and place in the functional hydroxyl group (first or second carbon molecule). It is assumed that the differences in the phase equilibria are due to different vapor pressures, polarities and solute-solute interactions.
Topics: 2-Propanol; 1-Butanol; Carbon Dioxide; Ethanol
PubMed: 36500443
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238352 -
Bio-medical Materials and Engineering 2022Inhalable nanocomposite particles using O/W emulsions were studied. The effect of the composition of the dispersed phase on the nanoparticles in the nanocomposite...
BACKGROUND
Inhalable nanocomposite particles using O/W emulsions were studied. The effect of the composition of the dispersed phase on the nanoparticles in the nanocomposite particles was reported, however, the effect on the inhalation characteristics of nanocomposite particles has not been investigated.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to study the effects of lower alcohols in the dispersed phase of O/W emulsions on inhalable nanocomposite particles.
METHODS
Nanocomposite particles were prepared using a spray dryer from O/W emulsion. A mixed solution of dichloromethane and lower alcohols in which rifampicin (RFP) and poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) were dissolved was used as a dispersed phase, and an aqueous solution in which arginine and leucine were dissolved was used as a continuous phase.
RESULTS
We succeeded in preparing non-spherical nanocomposite particles with an average diameter of 9.01-10.91 μm. The results of the fine particle fraction (FPF) measurement showed that the higher the hydrophobicity of the lower alcohol mixed in the dispersed phase, the higher the FPF value. The FPF value of the nanocomposite particles was significantly increased by using ethanol and 1-propanol.
CONCLUSIONS
The results were revealed that mixing 1-propanol with the dispersed phase increased the amount of RFP delivered to the lungs.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Alcohols; Emulsions; Nanocomposites; Particle Size; Rifampin
PubMed: 34957981
DOI: 10.3233/BME-211244 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Nov 2022This study examined a number of factors that can impact the outcomes of in vitro human epidermal permeation coefficients for aliphatic alcohols and steroids, including...
This study examined a number of factors that can impact the outcomes of in vitro human epidermal permeation coefficients for aliphatic alcohols and steroids, including receptor phase composition and study conditions. We determined experimentally the solubilities and IVPT permeation of a homologous series of C labeled aliphatic alcohols (ethanol, propanol, pentanol, heptanol, octanol and decanol) in different receptor fluids as recommended by Organisation Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). We used human epidermal membranes at 25 °C and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 2 %w/v bovine serum albumin (2 %w/v BSA), 50 %w/v ethanol and 0.1, 2 and 6 %w/v Oleth-20 receptor phases. We also explored and confirmed the discrepancies between in vitro human epidermal permeability coefficients (k) and diffusion lag times for steroids from Scheuplein's group with our own work and that of others. The main reason for the observed differences is not clear but is likely to be multifactorial, including the effects of diffusion cell design, receptor phase solubility, unstirred receptor phase effects, epidermal membrane hydration, diffusion cell configuration, transport through appendageal pathways and steroid lipophilicity. We conclude with a summary of experimental conditions that should be considered in undertaking IVPT studies.
Topics: Humans; Alcohols; Heptanol; Pentanols; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Permeability; Ethanol; 1-Propanol; Steroids; Octanols; Phosphates
PubMed: 35973591
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122114 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Jul 2015Structure and dynamics regulate protein function, but much less is known about how biomolecule-solvent interactions affect the structure-function relationship. Even less...
Structure and dynamics regulate protein function, but much less is known about how biomolecule-solvent interactions affect the structure-function relationship. Even less is known about the thermodynamics of biomolecule-solvent interactions and how such interactions influence conformational entropy. When transferred from propanol into 40:60 propanol:water under acidic conditions, a remarkably slow protonation reaction coupled with the conversion of the polyproline-I helix (PPI, having all cis-configured peptide bonds) into polyproline-II (PPII, all trans) helix is observed in this work. Kinetics and equilibrium measurements as a function of temperature allow determination of the thermochemistry and insight into how proton transfer is regulated in this system. For the proton-transfer process, PPI(+)(PrOH) + H3O(+) → PPII(2+)(PrOH/aq) + H2O, we determine ΔG = -20 ± 19 kJ·mol(-1), ΔH = -75 ± 14 kJ·mol(-1), and ΔS= -188 ± 48 J·mol(-1)·K(-1) for the overall reaction, and values of ΔG(⧧) = 91 ± 3 kJ·mol(-1), ΔH(⧧) = 84 ± 9 kJ·mol(-1), and ΔS(⧧) = -23 ± 31 J·mol(-1)·K(-1) for the transition state. For a minor process, PPI(+)(PrOH) → PPII(+)(PrOH/aq) without protonation, we determine ΔG = -9 ± 20 kJ·mol(-1), ΔH = 64 ± 14 kJ·mol(-1), and ΔS= 247 ± 50 J·mol(-1)·K(-1). This thermochemistry yields ΔG = -10 ± 29 kJ·mol(-1), ΔH = -139 ± 20 kJ·mol(-1), and ΔS= -435 ± 70 J·mol(-1)·K(-1) for PPII(+)(PrOH/aq) + H3O(+) → PPII(2+)(PrOH/aq) +H2O. The extraordinarily slow proton transfer appears to be an outcome of configurational coupling through a PPI-like transition state.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Entropy; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Peptides; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protons; Solvents; Water
PubMed: 26115587
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04287 -
Chemosphere Oct 2021An experimental kinetic and mechanistic study of the reactions of 3-ethoxy-1-propanol (CHCHOCHCHCHOH) with Cl atoms and OH and NO radicals has been carried out at room...
An experimental kinetic and mechanistic study of the reactions of 3-ethoxy-1-propanol (CHCHOCHCHCHOH) with Cl atoms and OH and NO radicals has been carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) were used as detection techniques. The rate coefficients were measured with a relative method (units cm molecule s): (3.46 ± 0.22) × 10, (3.48 ± 0.19) × 10 and (1.08 ± 0.07) × 10 for Cl, OH and NO reactions, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative products analysis was carried out and formaldehyde, ethyl formate, ethyl 3-hydroxypropanoate and nitrated compounds were positively identified. A reaction mechanism has been proposed which involves attack by the oxidant at the methylene group in the α-position to an oxygen atom of the ether or alcohol groups, followed by the subsequent reactions of the resulting radicals. The tropospheric reactivity of 3-ethoxy-1-propanol (3E1P) has been compared with the reactivity of other hydroxy ethers to extend our knowledge of this type of compound. The atmospheric implications for 3E1P have been established by estimating parameters such as lifetimes, global warming potential (GWP) and the Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP). According to the calculated tropospheric lifetimes, the dominant loss process of 3E1P is its daytime reaction with the OH radical and this has an impact on a local scale.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Atmospheric Pressure; Chlorine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydroxyl Radical; Kinetics; Ozone
PubMed: 34004517
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130755 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Dec 2019
Review
Topics: 1-Propanol; Animals; Databases, Factual; Humans; Perfume; Registries; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 31669598
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110904 -
Molecular Plant Jan 2015Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants engenders a vast variety of aromatic metabolites critically important for their growth, development, and environmental adaptation.... (Review)
Review
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants engenders a vast variety of aromatic metabolites critically important for their growth, development, and environmental adaptation. Some of these aromatic compounds have high economic value. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first committed enzyme in the pathway; it diverts the central flux of carbon from the primary metabolism to the synthesis of myriad phenolics. Over the decades, many studies have shown that exquisite regulatory mechanisms at multiple levels control the transcription and the enzymatic activity of PALs. In this review, a current overview of our understanding of the complicated regulatory mechanisms governing the activity of PAL is presented; recent progress in unraveling its post-translational modifications, its metabolite feedback regulation, and its enzyme organization is highlighted.
Topics: Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase; Plants; Propanols; Protein Processing, Post-Translational
PubMed: 25578269
DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.11.001 -
Forensic Science International Jul 2021In previous research, we modeled the ethanol production by certain bacteria under controlled experimental conditions in an attempt to quantify the production of...
In previous research, we modeled the ethanol production by certain bacteria under controlled experimental conditions in an attempt to quantify the production of microbial postmortem ethanol in cases where other alcohols were co-detected. This contribution on the modeling of postmortem ethanol production by Candida albicans is complementary to these previous studies. Τhis work aimed to study ethanol, higher alcohols (1-propanol, isobutanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol), and 1-butanol production by Candida albicans: (i) in different culture media (Brain Heart Infusion, BHI and, Sabouraud Dextrose Broth, SDB), (ii) under mixed aerobic/anaerobic or strict anaerobic conditions, and (iii) at different temperatures (37 °C, 25 °C and, 4 °C), and develop simple mathematical models, resulted from fungal cultures at 25 °C, to predict the microbially produced ethanol in correlation with the other alcohols. The applicability of the models was tested in the C. albicans cultures in BHI and SDB media at 37 °C, in denatured human blood at 25 °C, acidic and neutral with different concentrations of additional glucose, in acidic denatured blood diluted with dextrose solution and in blood from autopsy cases. The received results indicated that the C. albicans models could apply in cases where yeasts have been activated in blood with elevated glucose levels. Overall, the in vitro ethanol production by C. albicans in blood depended on temperature, time, glucose (or carbohydrate) content, pH of the medium and endogenous changes in the medium composition through time. Our results showed that methyl-butanol is the most significant indicator of fungal ethanol production, followed by the equally important isobutanol and 1-propanol in qualitative and quantitative terms.
Topics: 1-Butanol; 1-Propanol; Blood Glucose; Butanols; Candida albicans; Culture Techniques; Ethanol; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Pentanols; Postmortem Changes; Specimen Handling; Temperature
PubMed: 33993011
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110809 -
Electrophoresis Sep 20191-propanol is a primary alcohol extensively used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries. It has been also found as a contaminant in the atmosphere and is...
1-propanol is a primary alcohol extensively used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries. It has been also found as a contaminant in the atmosphere and is considered a model compound to mimic the behavior and fate of aliphatic alcohols exposed to environmental conditions. In order to understand that role of relevant variables, this paper presents results obtained with a simple experimental set-up to investigate the reactivity of 1-propanol under mild oxidizing conditions. Coupling this system with CE-C D allowed the quantification of the carboxylic acids formed. For the described experiments, aqueous solutions of 1-propanol were placed inside a photoreactor and oxidized upon the addition of TiO and/or H O . According to the described results, the addition of H O (0.1% w/w) was the most significant variable, roughly tripled the amount of carboxylic acids generated and led to the conversion of up to 70% of the initially available 1-propanol (1 mmol/L). More importantly, the reaction yielded the formation (within 10 min) of propionate (50 µmol/L), acetate (400 µmol/L), formate (50 µmol/L), and malonate (200 µmol/L). The latter is critically important because it represents the first example of the photochemical oxidation of both terminal carbons of the C -chain of 1-propanol under mild conditions, and opens new avenues for the production of this important chemical building block.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Electric Conductivity; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Hydrogen Peroxide; Malonates; Oxidation-Reduction; Photolysis; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 30793781
DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900001