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International Journal of Molecular... May 2022Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) perform various biological functions, including those that are critical to microbes. Determination of EVs composition allows for a...
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) perform various biological functions, including those that are critical to microbes. Determination of EVs composition allows for a deep understanding of their role in the bacterial community and communication among them. , formerly , are commensal bacteria responsible for various infections, e.g., prosthesis, sarcoidosis, soft-tissue infections, and the most known but still controversial-acnes lesion. In , three major phylotypes represented variable disease associations. Herein, for the first time, we present a comparative analysis of EVs obtained from three phylotypes (IA1, IB, and II) to demonstrate the existence of differences in their protein and lipid composition. In the following work, the morphological analysis of EVs was performed, and the SDS-PAGE protein profile and the lipid profile were presented using the TLC and MALDI-TOF MS methods. This study allowed us to show major differences between the protein and lipid composition of EVs. This is a clear indication that EVs released by different phylotypes of the one species are not identical to each other in terms of composition and should be separately analyzed each time to obtain reliable results.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Extracellular Vesicles; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Lipids; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 35628607
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105797 -
Archives of Oral Biology Sep 2019Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. Older adults retain more teeth than did earlier generations and thus are at high risk of root...
OBJECTIVE
Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. Older adults retain more teeth than did earlier generations and thus are at high risk of root caries. The root surface is covered by cementum, which facilitates the spread of caries lesions into dentinal tissues. Propionibacterium acidifaciens has been detected in dentinal caries lesions; however, the pathogenetic mechanisms are not known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of cariogenic P. acidifaciens.
METHODS
Saliva-induced aggregation of P. acidifaciens cells and adherence of the organism to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite were examined. Coaggregation of P. acidifaciens with other bacterial cells and binding of the organism to collagen were examined. Effect of Streptococcus mutans on the biofilm formation by P. acidifaciens was also examined. In addition, the effects of acids on the growth of P. acidifaciens were evaluated.
RESULTS
P. acidifaciens exhibited strong binding to collagen but weak or moderate interaction with salivary proteins. P. acidifaciens showed weak coaggregation with streptococcal strains and Fusobacerium nucleatum. Biofilm formation by P. acidifaciens was inhibited by S. mutans. Moreover, P. acidifaciens tolerated to self-produced acids up to threshold concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that P. acidifaciens can bind to and survive inside dentinal tissue, and its acid production at low pH condition is involved in the development of dentinal caries.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Propionibacterium; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 31254840
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.06.005 -
Microbial Cell Factories Mar 2022Sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus) display an attractive source for the rapidly increasing market of plant-based human nutrition. Of particular interest are press cakes...
Co-cultures of Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens cooperatively upgrade sunflower seed milk to high levels of vitamin B and multiple co-benefits.
BACKGROUND
Sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus) display an attractive source for the rapidly increasing market of plant-based human nutrition. Of particular interest are press cakes of the seeds, cheap residuals from sunflower oil manufacturing that offer attractive sustainability and economic benefits. Admittedly, sunflower seed milk, derived therefrom, suffers from limited nutritional value, undesired flavor, and the presence of indigestible sugars. Of specific relevance is the absence of vitamin B. This vitamin is required for development and function of the central nervous system, healthy red blood cell formation, and DNA synthesis, and displays the most important micronutrient for vegans to be aware of. Here we evaluated the power of microbes to enrich sunflower seed milk nutritionally as well as in flavor.
RESULTS
Propionibacterium freudenreichii NCC 1177 showed highest vitamin B production in sunflower seed milk out of a range of food-grade propionibacteria. Its growth and B production capacity, however, were limited by a lack of accessible carbon sources and stimulants of B biosynthesis in the plant milk. This was overcome by co-cultivation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NCC 156, which supplied lactate, amino acids, and vitamin B for growth of NCC 1177 plus vitamins B and B, potentially supporting vitamin B production by the Propionibacterium. After several rounds of optimization, co-fermentation of ultra-high-temperature pre-treated sunflower seed milk by the two microbes, enabled the production of 17 µg (100 g) vitamin B within four days without any further supplementation. The fermented milk further revealed significantly enriched levels of L-lysine, the most limiting essential amino acid, vitamin B, vitamin B, improved protein quality and flavor, and largely eliminated indigestible sugars.
CONCLUSION
The fermented sunflower seed milk, obtained by using two food-grade microbes without further supplementation, displays an attractive, clean-label product with a high level of vitamin B and multiple co-benefits. The secret of the successfully upgraded plant milk lies in the multifunctional cooperation of the two microbes, which were combined, based on their genetic potential and metabolic signatures found in mono-culture fermentations. This design by knowledge approach appears valuable for future development of plant-based milk products.
Topics: Animals; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Coculture Techniques; Humans; Milk; Propionibacterium freudenreichii; Seeds; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins
PubMed: 35346203
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01773-w -
International Journal of Systematic and... Aug 2019A novel propionate producing bacterium, strain JV5, was isolated from the rumen fibrous content of a Holstein Friesian dairy cow. Cells of strain JV5 were...
A novel propionate producing bacterium, strain JV5, was isolated from the rumen fibrous content of a Holstein Friesian dairy cow. Cells of strain JV5 were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and aerotolerant. Growth occurred between 35 and 45 °C, with an optimum at 39 °C. The pH range for growth was 6.5-8, with an optimum at pH 7. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JV5 was 98.4 and 96.5 % identical to those of Propionibacterium australiense DSM 15818 and Propionibacterium acidifaciens DSM 21887, respectively. Genome wide average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 88.3 and 35.5 %, respectively, against P. australiense DSM 15818. The G+C content of strain JV5 was 68.9 mol%. Strain JV5 did not produce urease and was able to metabolize glutamate, but not aspartate and glycine. Strain JV5 was able to ferment a range of substrates including certain simple and complex carbohydrates, sugar alcohols and amino acids. Chemotaxonomic analysis of strain JV5 revealed the presence of meso-diamino pimelic acid isomers similar those found in P. australiense, but different from P. acidifaciens. The observed major (>10 %) cellular fatty acids in strain JV5 (C18 : 1 ω9c, anteiso-C15 : 1, C16 : 0, C17 : 0 and C16 : 0 alcohol) were also different from those observed in P. australiense and P. acidifaciens. Based on these findings, a novel species is proposed within the genus Propionibacterium, Propionibacterium ruminifibrarum sp. nov. (type strain JV5=DSM 106771=TISTR 2629).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cattle; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Female; Netherlands; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rumen; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 31232679
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003544 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Dec 2016
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Propionibacterium acnes; Streptococcus pyogenes
PubMed: 27996153
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15129 -
Arthroscopy : the Journal of... Jun 2019Propionibacterium acnes, now Cutibacterium acnes, is found on skin and subcutaneous tissue and is thus hard to eradicate. Infection can result in shoulder pain but be...
Propionibacterium acnes, now Cutibacterium acnes, is found on skin and subcutaneous tissue and is thus hard to eradicate. Infection can result in shoulder pain but be indolent and hard to diagnose; in addition, the organism is difficult to identify requiring long-hold cultures. Despite skin preparation, and second preparation before conversion of arthroscopy to mini-open surgery, we do not yet have a way to effectively eradicate C acnes from deeper dermal layers.
Topics: Bankart Lesions; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Shoulder; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 31159961
DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.01.043 -
Dermatologic Surgery : Official... Dec 2018Compare the in vitro efficacy of hypochlorous acid 0.01% (HA), povidone iodine 5% (PI), chlorhexidine gluconate 4% (CHG), and isopropyl alcohol 70% (IPA) against common... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
Compare the in vitro efficacy of hypochlorous acid 0.01% (HA), povidone iodine 5% (PI), chlorhexidine gluconate 4% (CHG), and isopropyl alcohol 70% (IPA) against common skin microorganisms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Time-kill studies were conducted against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. epidermidis (MRSE), Candida albicans, Corynebacterium species (striatum and amycolatum), Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus capitis, and Staphylococcus xylosus.
RESULTS
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus: Bactericidal effect was immediate for HA and IPA. For PI and CHG, the effect occurred at 1 and 10 minutes, respectively. Methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis: Hypochlorous acid, IPA, and PI had immediate bactericidal effects, whereas CHG required 1 minute. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus: All agents had bactericidal effects at 1 minute. C. species, S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa, and P. acnes: All antiseptics demonstrated immediate bactericidal effects. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. capitis: Hypochlorous acid and IPA had immediate effect, whereas PI and CHG required 1 minute. C. albicans: Hypochlorous acid, IPA, and PI were immediately bactericidal, whereas CHG required 1 minute. S. xylosus: Hypochlorous acid and CHG were immediately bactericidal, whereas IPA and PI required 1 and 2 minutes, respectively.
CONCLUSION
In vitro studies of HA 0.01% were observed to have equal or more efficacious antiseptic properties compared with IPA, CHG, and PI. Future studies will be needed to investigate its role in periocular use.
Topics: 2-Propanol; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Candida albicans; Chlorhexidine; Corynebacterium; Hypochlorous Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Povidone-Iodine; Propionibacterium; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus capitis; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Streptococcus pyogenes
PubMed: 29985866
DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001594 -
The Orthopedic Clinics of North America Oct 2014Perioperative shoulder infections involving Propionibacterium acnes can be difficult to identify in a patient who presents with little more than pain and stiffness in... (Review)
Review
Perioperative shoulder infections involving Propionibacterium acnes can be difficult to identify in a patient who presents with little more than pain and stiffness in the postoperative period. Although indolent in its growth and presentation, infection of the shoulder with P acnes can have devastating effects, including failure of the surgical intervention. This article reviews the importance of a comprehensive physical, radiologic, and laboratory evaluation, and discusses appropriate preventive and treatment strategies for P acnes infections of the shoulder.
Topics: Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Joint Diseases; Propionibacterium acnes; Shoulder; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 25199422
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2014.06.004 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2022Inappropriate wound healing (WH) management can cause significant comorbidities, especially in patients affected by chronic and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. WH...
Inappropriate wound healing (WH) management can cause significant comorbidities, especially in patients affected by chronic and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. WH involves several different, partially overlapping processes, including hemostasis, inflammation, cell proliferation, and remodeling. Oxidative stress in WH contributes to WH impairment because of the overexpression of radical oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidative action of a gel containing a extract (Emorsan Gel) and assess its skin re-epithelialization properties in a mouse model of WH. The scavenging effects of the bacterial extract were assessed in vitro through the ABTS and DPPH assays and in L-929 murine fibroblasts. The effects of the Emorsan Gel were studied in vivo in a murine model of WH. After WH induction, mice were treated daily with vehicle or Emorsan Gel for 6 or 12 days. According to the in vitro tests, the extract exerted an inhibitory effect on ROS and RNS, consequently leading to the reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels. Before proceeding with the in vivo study, the Emorsan Gel was verified to be unabsorbed. Therefore, the observed effects could be ascribed to a local action. The results obtained in vivo showed that through local reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α), the Emorsan Gel significantly reduced the infiltration of mast cells into the injured wound, leading to the amelioration of symptoms such as itch and skin irritation. Therefore, the Emorsan Gel improved the speed and percentage of wound area closure by improving the tissue remodeling process, prompting vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)- β production and reducing the expression of adhesion molecules. Emorsan Gel, by its ability to inhibit free radicals, could reduce local inflammation and oxidative stress, thus enhancing the speed of wound healing.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Inflammation; Mice; Plant Extracts; Propionibacterium; Reactive Oxygen Species; Skin; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35563099
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094708 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Aug 2021Propionic acid is an important organic acid with wide industrial applications, especially in the food industry. It is currently produced from petrochemicals via chemical... (Review)
Review
Propionic acid is an important organic acid with wide industrial applications, especially in the food industry. It is currently produced from petrochemicals via chemical routes. Increasing concerns about greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and a growing consumer preference for bio-based products have led to interest in fermentative production of propionic acid, but it is not yet competitive with chemical production. To improve the economic feasibility and sustainability of bio-propionic acid, fermentation performance in terms of concentration, yield, and productivity must be improved and the cost of raw materials must be reduced. These goals require robust microbial producers and inexpensive renewable feedstocks, so the present review focuses on bacterial producers of propionic acid and promising sources of substrates as carbon sources. Emphasis is placed on assessing the capacity of propionibacteria and the various approaches pursued in an effort to improve their performance through metabolic engineering. A wide range of substrates employed in propionic acid fermentation is analyzed with particular interest in the prospects of inexpensive renewable feedstocks, such as cellulosic biomass and industrial residues, to produce cost-competitive bio-propionic acid. KEY POINTS: • Fermentative propionic acid production emerges as competitor to chemical synthesis. • Various bacteria synthesize propionic acid, but propionibacteria are the best producers. • Biomass substrates hold promise to reduce propionic acid fermentation cost.
Topics: Fermentation; Metabolic Engineering; Propionates; Propionibacterium
PubMed: 34410439
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11499-1