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Cancer Jan 2024
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostate-Specific Antigen
PubMed: 37927174
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35032 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2019Over the last decade, advancements in massively-parallel DNA sequencing and computational biology have allowed for unprecedented insights into the fundamental mutational... (Review)
Review
Over the last decade, advancements in massively-parallel DNA sequencing and computational biology have allowed for unprecedented insights into the fundamental mutational processes that underlie virtually every major cancer type. Two major cancer genomics consortia-The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC)-have produced rich databases of mutational, pathological, and clinical data that can be mined through web-based portals, allowing for correlative studies and testing of novel hypotheses on well-powered patient cohorts.In this chapter, we will review the impact of these technological developments on the understanding of molecular subtypes that promote prostate cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and clinical aggression. In particular, we will focus on molecular subtypes that define clinically-relevant patient cohorts and assess how a better understanding of how these subtypes-in both somatic and germline genomes-may influence the clinical course for individual men diagnosed with prostate cancer.
Topics: Genome, Human; Genomics; Humans; Male; Mutation; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 31900906
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_5 -
Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases Jun 2020
Topics: Asia; Humans; Male; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 31811242
DOI: 10.1038/s41391-019-0193-7 -
The Urologic Clinics of North America Feb 2024Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing prostate cancer genomics research. By leveraging machine learning and deep learning algorithms, researchers can rapidly... (Review)
Review
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing prostate cancer genomics research. By leveraging machine learning and deep learning algorithms, researchers can rapidly analyze vast genomic datasets to identify patterns and correlations that may be missed by traditional methods. These AI-driven insights can lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers, enhance the accuracy of diagnosis, and predict disease progression and treatment response. As such, AI is becoming an indispensable tool in the pursuit of personalized medicine for prostate cancer.
Topics: Male; Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Algorithms; Genomics; Machine Learning; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 37945100
DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2023.06.006 -
European Urology Oncology Jun 2020Intermediate-risk prostate cancer consists of a highly heterogeneous group of patients. Owing to this heterogeneity and variable prognoses, it is challenging to provide... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Intermediate-risk prostate cancer consists of a highly heterogeneous group of patients. Owing to this heterogeneity and variable prognoses, it is challenging to provide uniform treatment recommendations for men in this group.
OBJECTIVE
To review the current literature regarding the best available evidence for stratification and treatment of intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
We searched Medline and EMBASE, through September 2019 without year or language restriction, supplemented with hand search.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Different treatment options with good long-term oncological outcomes are available for intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients. Best available evidence with long follow-up exists for radical prostatectomy and dose-escalated radiotherapy with short-term androgen deprivation. In favorable intermediate-risk patients, active surveillance and brachy-monotherapy also represent two valid treatment options. In carefully selected men, partial gland ablation represents a reasonable option. Patient preferences and comorbidities should also be considered.
CONCLUSIONS
Treatment options for intermediate-risk patients range from active surveillance to partial gland ablation, radical prostatectomy, and various radiotherapy methods. The best stratification and the optimal treatment remain controversial. Classification systems, such as the National Cancer Comprehensive Network guidelines, stratify this large cohort into subgroups with favorable or unfavorable disease, which may simplify treatment recommendations but still leave substantial variability within strata. Advanced imaging may further improve current stratification systems of intermediate-risk patients.
PATIENT SUMMARY
In this review, we assessed the current literature regarding the best available evidence for stratification and treatment of intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients.
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 32303478
DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.03.002 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Nov 2016
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nuclear Medicine; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 27825427
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.07.010 -
Seminars in Oncology Oct 2016Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in the United States as well as most Western countries. A significant proportion of men report having a...
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in the United States as well as most Western countries. A significant proportion of men report having a positive family history of prostate cancer in a first-degree relative (father, brother, son), which is important in that family history is one of the only established risk factors for the disease and plays a role in decision-making for prostate cancer screening. Familial aggregation of prostate cancer is considered a surrogate marker of genetic susceptibility to developing the disease, but shared environment cannot be excluded as an explanation for clustering of cases among family members. Prostate cancer is both a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease with inherited factors predicted to account for 40%-50% of cases, comprised of both rare highly to moderately penetrant gene variants, as well as common genetic variants of low penetrance. Most notably, HOXB13 and BRCA2 mutations have been consistently shown to increase prostate cancer risk, and are more commonly observed among patients diagnosed with early-onset disease. A recurrent mutation in HOXB13 has been shown to predispose to hereditary prostate cancer (HPC), and BRCA2 mutations to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also identified approximately 100 loci that associate with modest (odds ratios <2.0) increases in prostate cancer risk, only some of which have been replicated in subsequent studies. Despite these efforts, genetic testing in prostate cancer lags behind other common tumors like breast and colorectal cancer. To date, National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines have highly selective criteria for BRCA1/2 testing for men with prostate cancer based on personal history and/or specific family cancer history. Tumor sequencing is also leading to the identification of germline mutations in prostate cancer patients, informing the scope of inheritance. Advances in genetic testing for inherited and familial prostate cancer (FPC) are needed to inform personalized cancer risk screening and treatment approaches.
Topics: Early Detection of Cancer; Genes, BRCA1; Genes, BRCA2; Genome-Wide Association Study; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Male; Mutation; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 27899188
DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2016.08.001 -
Current Urology Reports Sep 2019There is an abundance of evidence that the human microbiome plays an important and nuanced role in controlling human metabolism, immunity, and cancer. Herein we aim to... (Review)
Review
There is an abundance of evidence that the human microbiome plays an important and nuanced role in controlling human metabolism, immunity, and cancer. Herein we aim to review the most current research looking at prostate cancer and its link with the gut and genitourinary microbiome. There is now a host of evidence for a unique genitourinary (GU) microbiome. The prostate microbiota, to include viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic contributions, as assessed from formalin-fixed tissue is described nicely in the study by Banerjee et al. Further hierarchical analysis by this group found a unique microbiome signature for higher Gleason score cancers and validation PCR studies noted a marked number of viral genomic insertions into host DNA. Shretha et al. also recently established unique GU microbiomes in patients with prostate cancer or benign prostate pathology based on urine samples. The gut microbiome likely also has an indirect but significant role in prostate cancer development and treatment. Liss et al. and Golombos et al. found significant associations between specific gut microbiota and prostate cancer. Interestingly, the balance of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory bacterial lipopolysaccharides, production of bile salts, and metabolism of dietary fiber to short chain fatty acids all likely play important roles in creating systemic pro- or anti-carcinogenic states. In terms of prostate cancer treatment effects, Sfanos et al. noted a unique microbial signature in patients undergoing oral androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as compared with prostate cancer patients not on ADT. Patients undergoing ADT also had enrichment of bacterial metabolic pathways promoting androgen synthesis. Together, these studies have identified a unique GU microbiome and linked both the GU microbiome and unique gut microbial signatures with prostate cancer and prostate cancer treatments. Whether this information can be used in cancer prevention, treatment, or diagnosis are areas of ongoing and active research.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Mice; Microbiota; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urine; Urogenital System
PubMed: 31493090
DOI: 10.1007/s11934-019-0922-4 -
Current Urology Reports Aug 2017The purpose of this review is to examine prostate cancer racial disparities specific to the African-American population. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The purpose of this review is to examine prostate cancer racial disparities specific to the African-American population.
RECENT FINDINGS
African-American men are more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer, present at an earlier age; are more likely to have locally advanced or metastatic disease at diagnosis; and have suboptimal outcomes to standard treatments. Prostate cancer treatment requires a nuanced approach, particularly when applying screening, counseling, and management of African-American men. Oncological as well as functional outcomes may differ and are potentially due to a combination of genetic, molecular, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors.
Topics: Black or African American; Age of Onset; Early Detection of Cancer; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; United States
PubMed: 28808871
DOI: 10.1007/s11934-017-0724-5 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the second most diagnosed tumor and the fifth most common cause of cancer death in men globally [...].
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the second most diagnosed tumor and the fifth most common cause of cancer death in men globally [...].
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 38396731
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042054