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Frontiers in Public Health 2022Many causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality can be traced back to childhood behaviors. The culmination of cancer related risk and protective factors impacting...
INTRODUCTION
Many causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality can be traced back to childhood behaviors. The culmination of cancer related risk and protective factors impacting the health and wellbeing of American Indian youth is unknown. The aim of this Mixed Studies Review was to identify cancer related risk and protective factors among American Indian youth. Results will be shared with Tribal communities to inform surveillance efforts.
METHODS
A Mixed Studies Review process was deemed most appropriate for the search process and data collection. Seven databases were included in the search along with 3 databases that were hand searched. Google Scholar and Google power searching were also conducted. Covidence was utilized for abstract and full-text review. Out of 1,512 articles, 75 articles were included for review and data from each article was sorted out into the levels of the social ecological model.
RESULTS
After extracting significant cancer related risk and protective factors from the 75 relevant articles, cancer related themes were identified at the individual, relationship (family and non-family), community, institutional, and cultural levels of the social ecological model. It was observed that the risk and protective factor profile for substance use spanned all levels of the social ecological model, whereas physical health-diet indicators and sexual health indicators did not. Most articles ( = 58, 77%) focused on substance use-related risk and protective factors.
DISCUSSION
The method that was used for this study can be utilized by other professionals researching risk and protective factors impacting the health and wellbeing of American Indian youth for a multitude of health outcomes. Tribal communities will be able to use the results from our literature review to inform the creation of a community specific data collection tool focused on cancer related risk and protective factors. Upon completion of the overarching research, results will be shared with the community and can be used to inform ongoing surveillance efforts, influence priorities for intervention and education work, and inform the management of resources. The continuation of community informed and driven research with Tribal communities is essential to the health and wellbeing of Tribal Nations as community grounded research is limited.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Educational Status; Humans; Neoplasms; Protective Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; American Indian or Alaska Native
PubMed: 35548066
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.828776 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2022In recent decades, there has been a growing body of research showing the relationship between teaching work and several health problems, both physical and psychological....
In recent decades, there has been a growing body of research showing the relationship between teaching work and several health problems, both physical and psychological. Some of these studies relate personal competencies and resources to teachers' occupational health. Based on the construct of Effective Personality, proposed by Martin del Buey, Martín Palacio, and Di Giusto, the aim was to analyse the relationship between the dimensions of the construct and Teachers' Occupational Health. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. It was based on the application of the Teacher Health Questionnaire (CSD) and the Efficacy Personality Questionnaire-Adults (CPE-A). The sample consisted of 700 non-university teachers aged between 26 and 66 years, = 47.65 = 8.68. Descriptive, correlational, linear regression, and structural equation analyses were carried out. The results confirmed the relationship between the Efficacy Personality construct and Teachers' Occupational Health ( = 0.45 **). In addition, the regression analysis indicated the relevance of each factor of Efficacy Personality in the factors of Teachers' Occupational Health. The variance of Self-efficacy is the most explained by the dimensions of Efficacy Personality (40.2%), with positive relationships. The structural equation analysis confirmed the influence between Efficacy Personality and the factors of Self-Efficacy and Satisfaction, explaining 55.0% of the variance. It is concluded, therefore, that Efficacy Personality has a protective function on Teacher Occupational Health; the higher the Efficacy Personality scores are, the better the results in health gain-Self-efficacy and satisfaction-and the lower the result in health loss-burnout, cognitive affections, musculoskeletal affections, and voice alterations. These results facilitate the design of prevention and intervention programmes for teachers' occupational health, which strengthen and improve personal and socio-affective competencies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Educational Personnel; Humans; Middle Aged; Occupational Health; Personality; Protective Factors; School Teachers
PubMed: 35270602
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052907 -
The Psychiatric Quarterly Mar 2020PTSD has profound personal, social and economic impact. Understanding factors that influence strong recovery is a priority for informing the use of limited treatment...
PTSD has profound personal, social and economic impact. Understanding factors that influence strong recovery is a priority for informing the use of limited treatment resources. This study follows up a preliminary finding from Hoelterhoff and Cheung Chung, Psychiatr Q, 88, 635-651, [30] which found that death anxiety is related to PTSD and suggested that self-efficacy may mediate this relationship. Specifically, this study examined self-efficacy as a protective factor in the context of people who have experienced a life-threatening event. 109 undergraduate university students completed self-report questionnaires on, self-efficacy, death anxiety, trauma and well-being as well as a number of demographic factors. Self-efficacy was found that to be significantly and inversely related to death anxiety and psychiatric co-morbidity, but not PTSD. Results were discussed in light of literature regarding death anxiety. It seems that self-efficacy is related to death anxiety and well-being; however, it interacts with these processes independently and not as a mediating factor. More research is needed to understand coping mechanisms that help develop resilience against the negative effects of death anxiety against PTSD and minimize its detrimental impact on mental health.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Attitude to Death; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Life Change Events; Male; Protective Factors; Self Efficacy; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Students; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 31802409
DOI: 10.1007/s11126-019-09694-5 -
Hereditas Apr 2020The study aimed to identify the targeting genes and miRNAs using the microarray expression profile dataset for Osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Differentially expressed...
BACKGROUND
The study aimed to identify the targeting genes and miRNAs using the microarray expression profile dataset for Osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OA and control samples were identified using Bayes method of limma package. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. miRNAs and transcription factor (TFs) based on DEGs in PPI network were identified using Webgestalt and ENCODE, respectively. Finally, MCODE, Gene Ontology (GO) function, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed. The expressions of several DEGs and predicted miRNAs in OA rats were detected by RT-PCR.
RESULTS
A total of 594 DEGs were identified. In PPI network, there were 313 upregulated DEGs and 22 downregulated DEGs. Besides, the regulatory relationships included 467 upregulated interactions and 85 downregulated interactions (miR-124A → QKI and MAP 1B) between miRNA and DEGs in PPI network. The module from downregulated DEGs-TFs-miRNA networks was mainly enriched to low-density lipoprotein particle clearance, response to linoleic acid, and small molecule metabolic process BP terms. Moreover, QKI, MAP 1B mRNA and miR-9 expressions were significantly reduced in OA rats.
CONCLUSION
miR-9 might be a protective factor for OA patients via inhibiting proliferation and differentiation of cartilage progenitor cells. miR-124A might play an important role in progression of OA through targeting QKI and MAP 1B.
Topics: Animals; Bayes Theorem; Computational Biology; Datasets as Topic; Gene Ontology; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Osteoarthritis; Protective Factors; Protein Interaction Maps; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 32321579
DOI: 10.1186/s41065-020-00128-y -
Journal of Interpersonal Violence Apr 2023Carrying a handgun is an established risk factor for firearm violence, with detrimental and too often irreversible consequences for adolescents including injury and...
Carrying a handgun is an established risk factor for firearm violence, with detrimental and too often irreversible consequences for adolescents including injury and mortality. Although researchers identified a number of risk factors for adolescent handgun carriage, little is known regarding the role of strengths or developmental assets in buffering against risk. The goal of this study was to identify both risk and protective factors for handgun carriage among a predominantly African American (88%) community-based sample of adolescents ( = 14.3) who resided in urban communities with high rates of poverty and exposure to violence. Consistent with prior work, we found that adolescents with access to a handgun or with friends who had carried a handgun had higher odds of carrying a handgun themselves in the past 3 months. Handgun access, friends' handgun carriage, and beliefs supporting reactive aggression were identified as risk factors for handgun carriage. Although personal and social assets and positive outlook moderated these relations, the direction was contrary to our hypotheses. We believe that these findings are in part due to structural inequities and social norms impacting adolescents in urban communities characterized by concentrated poverty and high rates of violence. Our findings highlight the value of moving beyond a deficit-oriented framework to gain a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics among both positive and negative factors that alter risk for handgun carriage among African American youth living in low-income urban areas.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Protective Factors; Firearms; Violence; Aggression; Risk Factors; Poverty
PubMed: 36218145
DOI: 10.1177/08862605221124252 -
Problemy Endokrinologii May 2023Searching for aging key points is one of the main problems in geriatrics. More and more research in recent years has been devoted to the study of geroprotective... (Review)
Review
Searching for aging key points is one of the main problems in geriatrics. More and more research in recent years has been devoted to the study of geroprotective mechanisms, the impact of various conditions and diseases on aging in general. Of particular importance is the determination of age-related involutive processes in the human body, whether they are part of normal aging or a condition that needs to be corrected to improve the functioning of organs and systems. An important mechanism of aging starts is a change in hormonal activity of endocrine glands, in particular in hormonal activity of thyroid. Frequency of hypothyroidism in advanced age explains relevance of the chosen topic. The aim of the review was to find out the role hypothyroidism in aging. The main task was to define, whether thyroid hormones decrease in older age was a protective factor or pathological process. A review of the literature over the past 10 years on subclinical treatment was carried out and we identified the most pressing issues associated with hypothyroidism and aging. We studied data on the relationship between hypothyroidism and major geriatric syndromes, with special attention paid to cognitive diseases and emotional disorders.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Protective Factors; Hypothyroidism; Aging; Thyroid Hormones
PubMed: 37448266
DOI: 10.14341/probl13156 -
Injury Prevention : Journal of the... Jun 2023Injuries and violence share many of the same risk and protective factors, which are rooted in the social determinants of health (SDOH) and the social determinants of...
BACKGROUND
Injuries and violence share many of the same risk and protective factors, which are rooted in the social determinants of health (SDOH) and the social determinants of equity. Addressing shared risk and protective factors (SRPFs)-common factors that make it more or less likely that a population will experience injuries or violence-is critical prevention efforts. The Safe States Alliance created the Connections Lab-a suite of web-based resources to help injury and violence prevention public health practitioners and their partners understand, describe, implement and evaluate SRPF approaches.
DESIGN
A mixed-methods approach using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory assessed how the Connections Lab influenced users' knowledge, abilities and work related to SRPF approaches. A web-based survey was administered to 234 participants in April-May 2021. Semistructured virtual group discussions were conducted with a subset of 15 survey respondents who volunteered to participate.
RESULTS
The case study revealed three key findings. The Connections Lab: was diffused among practitioners across sectors within and outside of public health; it increased practitioners' perceived proficiency across 10 skill sets related to describing, planning, implementing and evaluating SRPF approaches; and it increased understanding of the importance of upstream and structural drivers of injuries and violence.
CONCLUSION
The Connections Lab was a critical first step to expand the definition of SRPF approaches, connect SRPFs to concepts of equity and the SDOH, and provide strategies for engaging partners in public health and across other sectors in SRPF approaches.
Topics: Humans; Protective Factors; Violence; Public Health; Social Determinants of Health; Internet
PubMed: 36750348
DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044804 -
Injury Prevention : Journal of the... Jun 2023Using a shared risk and protective factor (SRPF) approach to prevention acknowledges a shift in the ways we work. The fundamental question at the root of our efforts...
Using a shared risk and protective factor (SRPF) approach to prevention acknowledges a shift in the ways we work. The fundamental question at the root of our efforts should no longer be how we address a single, specific public health issue. Instead, we should be asking how we can develop a system that supports well-being holistically. We should be striving to increase the resources to which people have access in a way that proactively prevents multiple public health issues, improves the context in which people live out their lives, and develops a broad spectrum of resilience.The fields of injury and violence prevention (IVP) and public health are at a critical juncture to address the true causes of injuries and violence. It is imminently vital for all stakeholders across IVP to work upstream and align funding, interventions, and evaluations in ways that embrace SRPF approaches. The value of this approach is multifold: it tackles multiple population health outcomes through multisector interventions, it positively impacts social determinants of health; it is sustainable and it maximises financial resources. While theoretical buy-in for the SRPF approach is high, there remain challenges in the field to operationalise such an approach. The time is now for the field to collectively embrace an SRPF approach and rally together to strengthen the evidence base. Researchers, practitioners, funders and national organisations must align their goals in prioritising upstream, primary prevention through addressing SRPF to enhance public health infrastructure and reduce societal inequities.
Topics: Humans; Protective Factors; Violence; Risk Factors; Public Health
PubMed: 36963816
DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044752 -
Asian Journal of Psychiatry Feb 2023Patients with major depression have greater suicide mortality, but there is no data on the standardised mortality ratio (SMR) and factors for suicide of major depression...
AIM
Patients with major depression have greater suicide mortality, but there is no data on the standardised mortality ratio (SMR) and factors for suicide of major depression for Asian countries. This research estimates the SMR and the risk and protective factors for suicide mortality in patients with major depression in a large-scale Asian cohort.
METHODS
Patients with major depression (N = 1978) admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Taiwan between 1985 and 2008 were enrolled as the study cohort. When the cohort was linked to the national mortality database, 415 deceased patients were identified. Of these 415 deaths, 107 were from suicide. Nested case-control with risk sampling was used, where each case was matched with two controls. Clinical information was collected through a standardised chart review process. The SMR for suicide mortality was estimated, and a conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to determine risk and protective factors for suicide.
RESULTS
Patients with major depression had high all-cause and suicide mortality, with SMRs of 3.9 and 35.4, respectively. Agitation (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 2.85, P = 0.058), restlessness (aRR = 15.05, P = 0.045) and previous suicide attempts (aRR = 4.48, P = 0.004) were identified as risk factors for suicide mortality. By contrast, those with employment (aRR = 0.15, P = 0.003) or loss of interest (aRR = 0.32, P = 0.04) had lower risk.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with depression exhibited higher suicide mortality. Clinical staff should pay close attention to risk and protective factors to reduce suicide risk.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Incidence; Protective Factors; Suicide, Attempted; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36542894
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103399 -
Journal of American College Health : J... Apr 2023Understand the relationship between risk factors (eg, different sexual assault types - coercive, physical, incapacitation by alcohol/drugs) and protective factors (eg,...
Understand the relationship between risk factors (eg, different sexual assault types - coercive, physical, incapacitation by alcohol/drugs) and protective factors (eg, strong maternal ties) with depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among college students. Six hundred twenty-five undergraduate students. Students completed paper and pencil surveys in fall 2019 at a large public university. Risk factors of child physical and sexual abuse, all three sexual assault types, and combined sexual assault were associated with greater PTSD symptoms while maternal relationship quality and religious influence served as protective factors. Risk factors of child physical and sexual abuse, coercive sexual assault, and combined sexual assault were associated with depressive symptoms while maternal relationship quality served as a protective factor. Males who identified as sexual minority (SM) had more PTSD symptoms compared to females who identified as SM. Findings have implications for targeted interventions to improve mental health outcomes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Crime Victims; Heterosexuality; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Protective Factors; Sex Offenses; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Students; Universities
PubMed: 34788559
DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1904955