-
Journal of the American Animal Hospital... 2018Babesiosis is a hemoprotozoal tick-borne disease that is commonly associated with thrombocytopenia and anemia; however, renal involvement has been documented in dogs....
Babesiosis is a hemoprotozoal tick-borne disease that is commonly associated with thrombocytopenia and anemia; however, renal involvement has been documented in dogs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to document azotemia and proteinuria in dogs infected with Babesia sp. and to describe the response to antiprotozoal therapy. The electronic database of the North Carolina State University Vector Borne Disease Laboratory was searched to identify dogs who were diagnosed with babesiosis and to determine if they had proteinuria and/or azotemia. Dogs were excluded if they had coinfections or comorbidities known to cause glomerular injury. Of 35 dogs identified during the initial search, 5 were included; however, only 4 of these dogs had both pre- and posttreatment data. All five dogs were American pit bull terriers or American pit bull terrier-mixed breed dogs, were infected with Babesia gibsoni, and had hypoalbuminemia and proteinuria. Three dogs had azotemia. Responses to antiprotozoal treatment included normalization of (three) or increase in (one) serum albumin, resolution (one) or improvement (one) of azotemia, and reduction in proteinuria (two). Laboratory findings consistent with glomerular disease can be found in Babesia gibsoni-infected dogs, and treatment can lead to improvement of the azotemia and proteinuria.
Topics: Animals; Azotemia; Babesia; Babesiosis; DNA, Protozoan; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Proteinuria; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 29558219
DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6693 -
Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and... 2019Proteinuria is one of the common manifestations of kidney disease that has a serious impact on the progressive deterioration of kidney function. In developed countries,...
Proteinuria is one of the common manifestations of kidney disease that has a serious impact on the progressive deterioration of kidney function. In developed countries, school screening for asymptomatic proteinuria is routinely performed, especially in adolescent students, to detect early stage of chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of asymptomatic persistent proteinuria in adolescent students. This was a multi-assessment study. Screening for proteinuria was conducted on five junior high schools across Jakarta, Indonesia, in April-June 2015. Healthy students aged 12-14 years whose parents provided informed consent were selected randomly. Urine collections were performed thrice. We used dipstick tests and protein-to-creatinine ratio to measure protein in the urine. From 536 students, 485 were eligible and recruited for this study. They were more female and well-nourished students. Hypertension constituted 12.9% of students. Proteinuria accounted for 7.42%. Transient, orthostatic, and persistent proteinuria were found in 5.77%, 1.03%, and 0.62% of students, respectively. The prevalence of asymptomatic persistent proteinuria among adolescent students in Jakarta is higher than that in other populations in Asia. Consequently, a routine screening to detect proteinuria should be considered in Indonesia to detect chronic kidney disease in children.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Distribution; Asymptomatic Diseases; Child; Female; Humans; Indonesia; Male; Prevalence; Proteinuria
PubMed: 31249235
DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.261347 -
The Journal of Small Animal Practice Dec 2023To assess relationships between urine sediment and microbial culture findings and the presence of proteinuria in canine urine samples, and to assess the change in the...
OBJECTIVES
To assess relationships between urine sediment and microbial culture findings and the presence of proteinuria in canine urine samples, and to assess the change in the percentage of proteinuric samples and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio when urine abnormalities resolve.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Canine urine samples collected via cystocentesis and submitted for culture and contemporaneous urinalysis (including urine protein-to-creatinine ratio) were retrospectively identified. Dogs receiving corticosteroids were excluded. Associations between haematuria (red blood cells>5/high-power field), pyuria (white blood cells>5/high-power field), presence of microorganisms on microscopy, active sediment, and positive culture and proteinuria (urine protein-to-creatinine ratio>0.5) were investigated. Patient characteristics were considered possible confounders. In dogs with repeat urinalysis, the associations between active sediment and positive culture resolution on proteinuria and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio were assessed.
RESULTS
One hundred and ninety-two of 491 samples were proteinuric (39.1%). Age was positively associated with proteinuria. In the multivariable analysis corrected for age, active sediment was the only variable significantly associated with proteinuria (adjusted odds ratio: 2.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.44 to 3.11); however, only 49.8% of samples with active sediment were proteinuric. Neither resolution of active sediment nor positive culture were associated with reduced proportions of proteinuric samples (from 57.9% to 42.1% and from 40.0% to 25.0%, respectively) or significant reductions in urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (median change: -0.16 and -0.14, respectively).
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Attributing proteinuria to urinalysis abnormalities or a positive urine culture in canine cystocentesis samples is not supported by our findings, and could result in alternative causes of proteinuria (e.g. renal proteinuria) being overlooked.
Topics: Humans; Dogs; Animals; Creatinine; Retrospective Studies; Dog Diseases; Urinalysis; Proteinuria
PubMed: 37632274
DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13669 -
Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice :... Jun 2021Proteinuria monitoring is required for patients receiving bevacizumab. Nonetheless, the frequency of monitoring is not specified in the package insert. A 2014 quality...
PURPOSE
Proteinuria monitoring is required for patients receiving bevacizumab. Nonetheless, the frequency of monitoring is not specified in the package insert. A 2014 quality improvement study performed at Yale New Haven Health System (YNHHS) found that proteinuria occurred in 15% (all grade) of the 162 patients evaluated. These results led to decreasing the frequency of proteinuria monitoring from every treatment to every other treatment. The objective of this study is to assess the safety of the extended interval for urine protein (UP) monitoring.
METHODS
Patients receiving at least four bevacizumab treatments at YNHHS from January to June 2017 were randomly selected and retrospectively reviewed. The following data were collected: baseline patient characteristics, comorbidities, medication history, and proteinuria monitoring. The grade, prevalence and management of proteinuria were evaluated. The minimum necessary sample size was determined to be 384 treatments to achieve a 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
Fifty-five patients and 388 bevacizumab treatments were evaluated. Urine protein was assessed in 52.5% of treatments. The incidence of proteinuria among patients was 7.2% (grade 2) and 0% (grade 3). Cumulative dose and the number of total bevacizumab doses did not affect the timing for onset or severity of proteinuria. Two patients with UP ≥ 2+ were further monitored using a 24-h urine collection test with negative results. No treatments were held due to proteinuria.
CONCLUSION
Monitoring proteinuria every other treatment does not increase the frequency of adverse events. Urine protein is now monitored prior to every third bevacizumab treatment, reducing unnecessary labs and chair time.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Bevacizumab; Comorbidity; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Proteinuria; Quality Improvement; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32715917
DOI: 10.1177/1078155220943959 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of budesonide (Budenofalk) in the treatment of patients with IgA Nephropathy. We conducted a prospective, interventional,... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of budesonide (Budenofalk) in the treatment of patients with IgA Nephropathy. We conducted a prospective, interventional, open-label, single-arm, non-randomized study that enrolled 32 patients with IgAN at high risk of progression (BUDIGAN study, ISRCTN47722295, date of registration 14/02/2020). Patients were treated with Budesonide at a dose of 9 mg/day for 12 months, subsequently tapered to 3 mg/day for another 12 months. The primary endpoints were change of eGFR and proteinuria at 12, 24 and 36 months. The study cohort had a mean eGFR and 24-h proteinuria of 59 ± 24 ml/min/1.73m and 1.89 ± 1.5 g/day, respectively. Treatment with budesonide determined a reduction in proteinuria at 12-, 24- and 36-months by -32.9% (95% CI - 53.6 to - 12.2), - 49.7% (95% CI - 70.1 to - 29.4) and - 68.1% (95% CI - 80.6 to - 55.7). Budesonide determined an eGFR preservation corresponding to a 12-, 24- and 36-months change of + 7.68% (95% CI - 4.7 to 20.1), + 7.42% (95% CI - 7.23 to 22.1) and + 4.74% (95%CI - 13.5 to 23), respectively. The overall eGFR change/year was + 0.83 ml/min/y (95% CI - 0.54 to 4.46). Budesonide was well-tolerated, and treatment emergent adverse events were mostly mild in severity and reversible. Budesonide was effective in the treatment of patients with IgAN at high-risk of progression in terms of reducing proteinuria and preserving renal function over 36 months of therapy.
Topics: Humans; Budesonide; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Prospective Studies; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Proteinuria
PubMed: 37978255
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47393-1 -
Transplantation Proceedings Mar 2022Proteinuria and metabolic acidosis adversely affect long term renal allograft outcome and are highly prevalent in reported studies. The role of dietary intake in...
BACKGROUND
Proteinuria and metabolic acidosis adversely affect long term renal allograft outcome and are highly prevalent in reported studies. The role of dietary intake in influencing proteinuria and metabolic acidosis remained uncertain. This study aims to determine the prevalence rate of proteinuria and metabolic acidosis among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and to study their relationship with dietary intake.
METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional study on KTRs with functioning renal allograft and at least 3 months post transplant. Dietary protein, salt, and dietary acid load were estimated using 24-hour urine collection. Demographic characteristics, concomitant medications, medical history, and laboratory results were obtained from electronic medical records.
RESULTS
A total of 204 KTRs were recruited with median age of 48 years (interquartile range [IQR], 18 years); male to female ratio was 61:39. A total of 79.9% (n = 163) were living related kidney transplants. The median duration after transplant was 71 months (IQR, 131 months), and median eGFR was 65 mL/min/1.73 m (IQR, 25 mL/min/1.73 m). The prevalence rates of proteinuria (defined as ≥ 0.5 g/d) and metabolic acidosis (defined as at least 2 readings of serum bicarbonate ≤ 22 mmol/L in the past 6 months) were 17.7 % and 6.2%, respectively. High dietary protein of > 1.2 g/kg ideal body weight (adjusted odds ratio, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.35-7.28; P = .008) was significantly associated with proteinuria. Dietary protein, salt, and acid load did not correlate with chronic metabolic acidosis.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence rate of proteinuria is consistent with published literature, but metabolic acidosis rate is extremely low in our cohort. High protein intake (> 1.2 g/kg ideal body weight) is a risk factor of proteinuria and may have negative impact on KTR outcome.
Topics: Acidosis; Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eating; Female; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Prevalence; Proteinuria; Transplant Recipients
PubMed: 35125235
DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.12.019 -
Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation :... May 2022The treatment blood pressure (BP) target in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear, and whether the benefit of intensive BP-lowering is comparable between CKD and...
BACKGROUND
The treatment blood pressure (BP) target in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear, and whether the benefit of intensive BP-lowering is comparable between CKD and non-CKD patients is debated.
METHODS
Using the Korean National Health Information Database, 359 492 CKD patients who had received antihypertensives regularly were identified from 12.1 million participants of nationwide health screening. The composite risk of major cardiovascular events, kidney failure and all-cause mortality was assessed according to time-averaged, on-treatment systolic BP.
RESULTS
Over a 9-year follow-up, the composite outcome was noted in 18.4% of 239 700 participants with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 18.9% of 155 004 with dipstick albuminuria. The thresholds of systolic BP, above which the composite risk increased significantly, in the reduced eGFR and the proteinuric population were 135 mmHg and 125 mmHg, respectively. For all-cause mortality, the respective thresholds were 145 mmHg and 135 mmHg. When comparing the composite risk between propensity score-matched groups, the hazard ratios of on-treatment BP of systolic 135-144 mmHg (reference, 115-124 mmHg) in the reduced eGFR and non-CKD pairs were 1.18 and 0.98, respectively (P = 0.13 for interaction), and those in the proteinuria and non-CKD pairs were 1.30 and 1.01, respectively (P = 0.003 for interaction).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings support the recommendation that, based on office BP, the systolic target in CKD with proteinuria is ≤130 mmHg, and the target in CKD with no proteinuria is ≤140 mmHg. The benefit of intensive BP-lowering may be greater in CKD patients, particularly those with proteinuria, than in their non-CKD counterparts.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Humans; Hypertension; Proteinuria; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 33822181
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab151 -
Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) Sep 2023Glomerular microthrombosis (GMT) was a common vascular lesion in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship...
AIM
Glomerular microthrombosis (GMT) was a common vascular lesion in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies (a-β2GP1) and anti-complement 1q antibodies (a-C1q) antibodies and to investigate the possible mechanism of GMT in children with LN.
METHODS
The subjects were 191 children with LN diagnosed by renal biopsy in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020. The patients were divided into GMT group and non-GMT group. The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, renal pathology, prognosis of the two groups and the relationship between a-β2GP1 and a-C1q antibodies were observed.
RESULTS
In 191 children with LN, 52 cases (27.23%) presented with GMT. The value of C3, haemoglobin (Hb), estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) in GMT group were lower than that of non-GMT group (p < .05, p < .01). The value of serum creatinine (Scr), 24 h proteinuria (PRO), urine red blood cells (RBC), N-acetyl-β-d-glucosidase (NAG) and retinol-binding protein (RBP), a-C1q, a-β2GP1, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and renal histopathological activity index (AI) score in GMT group were higher than that of non-GMT group (p < .05, p < .01). The positive proportions of serum a-C1q and a-β2GP1 in GMT group were higher than those in non-GMT group (p < .05). According to Spearman correlation analysis, a-C1q was positively correlated with AI score, SLEDAI, a-β2GP1, GMT, LN-III and LN-IV. Hb, eGFR and a-C1q Ab were associated with the formation of GMT in children with LN. The complete proteinuria remission and renal survival in GMT group were significantly lower than those in non-GMT group (p < .05, p < .01).
CONCLUSION
LN children with GMT had more severe clinical manifestations and renal pathologic damages, and poor outcome. Serum a-C1q level was positively correlated with a-β2GP1, and a-β2GP1 may be involved in the formation of GMT in children with LN, which might involve in the activation of complement classical pathway.
Topics: Humans; Child; Lupus Nephritis; Kidney Glomerulus; Autoantibodies; Kidney; Thrombosis; Proteinuria; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
PubMed: 37485575
DOI: 10.1111/nep.14194 -
Journal of Nephrology Oct 2020The association between proteinuria and malignancy has been frequently reported, but the issue is matter of controversy. Thus, in order to shed light on the association,...
BACKGROUND
The association between proteinuria and malignancy has been frequently reported, but the issue is matter of controversy. Thus, in order to shed light on the association, we evaluated proteinuria as a risk factor for malignancy using the dataset from the Korean National Health Insurance System (NHIS).
METHODS
The subjects had undergone a medical examination in 2009 (index year) among the entire Korean adult population. From a pool of 10,505,818 participants, we excluded subjects who were younger than 19 years (15,327), had a previous diagnosis of cancer (152,095), had missing data for at least one variable (544,508), and were diagnosed with cancer within 1 year from the index year (79,501). Proteinuria was examined by a single dipstick urinalysis.
RESULTS
A total of 9,714,387 subjects were included in this study and tracked until December 31, 2017. The participants were divided into three groups; no (95.2%), trace (2.3%), and overt (2.5%) proteinuria. Over the duration of this study, we observed that overt proteinuria was associated with an increased risk of cancer development (all cancers) (adjusted HR 1.154, 95% CI 1.134-1.173) and the long-term risk of cancer incidence increased proportionally according to the changes in proteinuria over a four-year period.
LIMITATIONS
Our study population consisted of Korean adults. Therefore, the results of this study may not be generalized to other ethnicities.
CONCLUSIONS
We found a significant relationship between proteinuria and the risk of overall and site-specific cancer development. Further studies are needed to find an explanation of these findings.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasms; Proteinuria; Risk Factors; Urinalysis
PubMed: 32335824
DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00740-1 -
The American Journal of Cardiology Aug 2014Statins can significantly improve the lipid profile and reduce cardiovascular events. However, beneficial effects of statins on renal function are still controversial.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Statins can significantly improve the lipid profile and reduce cardiovascular events. However, beneficial effects of statins on renal function are still controversial. PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Knowledge, and ClinicalTrials.gov Web sites were searched for randomized controlled trials. The selected studies reported renal function during treatment with statins and control. Forty-one studies with a total of 88,523 participants were included in this analysis. Compared with statins, placebo group had significantly decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): the standardized mean difference (SMD) of eGFR in change from baseline was 0.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07 to 0.23, p = 0.0004) in patients with eGFR >60 ml/min and 0.09 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.17, p = 0.02) in patients with eGFR 30 to 60 ml/min. Compared with placebo, statin group had significantly greater reduction of proteinuria: the SMD of proteinuria in change from baseline was -1.12 (95% CI -1.95 to -0.30, p = 0.008) in patients with urinary protein excretion 30 to 300 mg/day and -0.77 (95% CI -1.35 to -0.18, p = 0.01) in patients with urinary protein excretion > 300 mg/day. eGFR was significantly greater with high-intensity statins than with moderate-intensity statins (SMD 0.12, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.16, p = 0.00001). Placebo group had significantly decreased eGFR for 1 to 3 years (SMD 0.05, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.08, p = 0.003) and >3 years (SMD 0.14, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.25, p = 0.007) of statin therapy. The beneficial effect of statins on renal function may be dosage related and duration dependent. In conclusion, statins appear to decrease the rate of reduction of eGFR and slow the progression of pathologic proteinuria moderately.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Proteinuria
PubMed: 25001155
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.05.033