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Molecular Biotechnology Nov 2023Proteus penneri (P. penneri) is a bacillus-shaped, gram-negative, facultative anaerobe bacterium that is primarily an invasive pathogen and the etiological agent of...
Proteus penneri (P. penneri) is a bacillus-shaped, gram-negative, facultative anaerobe bacterium that is primarily an invasive pathogen and the etiological agent of several hospital-associated infections. P. penneri strains are naturally resistant to macrolides, amoxicillin, oxacillin, penicillin G, and cephalosporins; in addition, no vaccines are available against these strains. This warrants efforts to propose a theoretical based multi-epitope vaccine construct to prevent pathogen infections. In this research, reverse vaccinology bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approaches were adopted for vaccine target identification and construction of a multi-epitope vaccine. In the first phase, a core proteome dataset of the targeted pathogen was obtained using the NCBI database and subjected to bacterial pan-genome analysis using bacterial pan-genome analysis (BPGA) to predict core protein sequences which were then used to find good vaccine target candidates. This identified two proteins, Hcp family type VI secretion system effector and superoxide dismutase family protein, as promising vaccine targets. Afterward using the IEDB database, different B-cell and T-cell epitopes were predicted. A set of four epitopes "KGSVNVQDRE, NTGKLTGTR, IIHSDSWNER, and KDGKPVPALK" were chosen for the development of a multi-epitope vaccine construct. A 183 amino acid long vaccine design was built along with "EAAAK" and "GPGPG" linkers and a cholera toxin B-subunit adjuvant. The designed vaccine model comprised immunodominant, non-toxic, non-allergenic, and physicochemical stable epitopes. The model vaccine was docked with MHC-I, MHC-II, and TLR-4 immune cell receptors using the Cluspro2.0 web server. The binding energy score of the vaccine was - 654.7 kcal/mol for MHC-I, - 738.4 kcal/mol for MHC-II, and - 695.0 kcal/mol for TLR-4. A molecular dynamic simulation was done using AMBER v20 package for dynamic behavior in nanoseconds. Additionally, MM-PBSA binding free energy analysis was done to test intermolecular binding interactions between docked molecules. The MM-GBSA net binding energy score was - 148.00 kcal/mol, - 118.00 kcal/mol, and - 127.00 kcal/mol for vaccine with TLR-4, MHC-I, and MHC-II, respectively. Overall, these in silico-based predictions indicated that the vaccine is highly promising in terms of developing protective immunity against P. penneri. However, additional experimental validation is required to unveil the real immune response to the designed vaccine.
PubMed: 37934390
DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00949-y -
Microbial Ecology Nov 2016Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into... (Review)
Review
Proteus spp. bacteria were first described in 1885 by Gustav Hauser, who had revealed their feature of intensive swarming growth. Currently, the genus is divided into Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus penneri, Proteus hauseri, and three unnamed genomospecies 4, 5, and 6 and consists of 80 O-antigenic serogroups. The bacteria are known to be human opportunistic pathogens, isolated from urine, wounds, and other clinical sources. It is postulated that intestines are a reservoir of these proteolytic organisms. Many wild and domestic animals may be hosts of Proteus spp. bacteria, which are commonly known to play a role of parasites or commensals. However, interesting examples of their symbiotic relationships with higher organisms have also been described. Proteus spp. bacteria present in soil or water habitats are often regarded as indicators of fecal pollution, posing a threat of poisoning when the contaminated water or seafood is consumed. The health risk may also be connected with drug-resistant strains sourcing from intestines. Positive aspects of the bacteria presence in water and soil are connected with exceptional features displayed by autochthonic Proteus spp. strains detected in these environments. These rods acquire various metabolic abilities allowing their adaptation to different environmental conditions, such as high concentrations of heavy metals or toxic substances, which may be exploited as sources of energy and nutrition by the bacteria. The Proteus spp. abilities to tolerate or utilize polluting compounds as well as promote plant growth provide a possibility of employing these microorganisms in bioremediation and environmental protection.
Topics: Animals; Environment; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Houseflies; Humans; Insect Vectors; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Soil Microbiology; Virulence Factors; Water Microbiology; Water Pollution
PubMed: 26748500
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0720-6 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jan 2024The present study investigated the anti-virulence and anti-biofilm effects of 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-ᴅ-glucose (TGG), isolated from Camellia nitidissima Chi flowers,...
AIMS
The present study investigated the anti-virulence and anti-biofilm effects of 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-ᴅ-glucose (TGG), isolated from Camellia nitidissima Chi flowers, on Proteus penneri ALK 1200.
METHODS AND RESULTS
TGG was isolated from C. nitidissima Chi flowers using various chromatographic techniques. The milk plate assay, azocasein assay, and exopolysaccharides (EPS) inhibition assay revealed that TGG effectively inhibited the production of crucial virulence factors, including protease and EPS, in P. penneri ALK 1200. Furthermore, fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) analysis indicated that TGG interfered with the composition of P. penneri ALK 1200's cellular component, potentially reducing the bacteria's pathogenicity. In addition, crystal violet assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis indicated a significant reduction in biofilm formation following TGG treatment. The swimming and swarming assays also showed that TGG reduced the motility of P. penneri ALK 1200. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR assay demonstrated that TGG down-regulated the expression of positive regulatory genes (hfq and flhD) responsible for motility and biofilm formation, while up-regulating the expression of the negative regulator of the quorum sensing system, bssS, in P. penneri ALK 1200.
CONCLUSIONS
TGG displayed potent anti-QS and anti-biofilm activity towards P. penneri ALK 1200.
PubMed: 38200708
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae004 -
Archives of Microbiology Jan 2021Goldfish farming gained more attention among the ornamental fishes in aquaculture industry. The occurrence of bacterial infections and further antimicrobial treatment...
Goldfish farming gained more attention among the ornamental fishes in aquaculture industry. The occurrence of bacterial infections and further antimicrobial treatment lead to the major crisis of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture. We have isolated diverse enterobacteriaceae groups which affect the goldfish and identified their response towards 46 antimicrobials of 15 different classes. Thirteen significant bacterial isolates such as Edwardsiella tarda, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus penneri, P. hauseri, Enterobacter cloacae, E. cancerogenus, E. ludwigii, Citrobacter freundii, E. coli, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Providencia vermicola were recovered from the infected fish with the Shannon-wiener diversity index of 2.556. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was found to be maximum for P. penneri (0.87) and minimum for C. freundii and E. cloacae (0.22), highlighting the hyper antibiotic selection pressure in the farm. The minimum concentration of antibiotics required to inhibit most of the resistant isolates was found to be > 256 mcg/ml. All the isolates were susceptible towards ciprofloxacin. Plasmid curing and further AMR tests could reveal the location of antibiotic resistance genes mainly as plasmids which determine the large extent of AMR spread through horizontal gene transfer. This study is the first of its kind to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of enterobacteriaceae recovered from goldfish, before and after plasmid curing.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Fresh Water; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Goldfish; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 32803348
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02021-8 -
Medical Microbiology and Immunology Dec 2016The frequency of P. penneri isolation from hospital patients, mostly from urine and wounds, keeps on growing, and numerous isolates are multi-drug resistant. P. penneri...
The frequency of P. penneri isolation from hospital patients, mostly from urine and wounds, keeps on growing, and numerous isolates are multi-drug resistant. P. penneri rods produce lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which may lead to the septic shock. Until now, O-specific polysaccharide has been the best structurally and serologically characterized region of P. penneri LPS. It is worth having an insight into the serological specificity of both poly- and oligosaccharide parts of P. penneri LPS. The P. penneri core region is less structurally diverse than OPS, but still, among other enterobacterial LPS core regions, it is characterized by structural variability. In the present study, the serological reactivity of 25 P. penneri LPS core regions was analyzed by ELISA, passive immunohemolysis and Western blot technique using five polyclonal P. penneri antisera after or without their adsorption with the respective LPSs. The results allowed the assignment of the tested strains to five new core serotypes, which together with published serological studies led to the creation of the first serotyping scheme based on LPS core reactivities of 35 P. penneri and three P. mirabilis strains. Together with the O types scheme, it will facilitate assigning Proteus LPSs of clinical isolates into appropriate O and R serotypes.
Topics: Animals; Epitopes; Immune Sera; Lipopolysaccharides; Proteus penneri; Rabbits; Serogroup; Serotyping; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 27469376
DOI: 10.1007/s00430-016-0468-8 -
Organic Letters Jun 2023Herein, we report the first total synthesis of the trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide repeating units of 26 and TG155, respectively, having a common disaccharide unit,...
Herein, we report the first total synthesis of the trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide repeating units of 26 and TG155, respectively, having a common disaccharide unit, 3-α-l-QuiNAc-(1 → 3)-α-d-GlcNAc-(1 →. Striking features of the targets are the presence of rare sugar units, l-quinovosamine and l-rhamnosamine, all joined through α-glycosidic linkages. Major challenges in the formation of 1,2- glycosidic linkages in the case of d-glucosamine, l-quinovosamine, and d-galactosamine have been addressed.
Topics: Proteus penneri; Proteus vulgaris; Carbohydrate Sequence; O Antigens; Disaccharides
PubMed: 37284758
DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01618 -
International Journal of Biological... Nov 2020The serological classification scheme of the opportunistic Proteus bacilli includes a number of Proteus penneri strains. The tested P. penneri 4034-85 strain turned out...
The unique structure of bacterial polysaccharides - Immunochemical studies on the O-antigen of Proteus penneri 4034-85 clinical strain classified into a new O83 Proteus serogroup.
The serological classification scheme of the opportunistic Proteus bacilli includes a number of Proteus penneri strains. The tested P. penneri 4034-85 strain turned out to be serologically distinguished in ELISA and Western blotting. The O-polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of this strain and studied by sugar and methylation analyses and dephosphorylation along with H and C NMR spectroscopy, including 2D H,H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, H,C HSQC, HMBC, and HSQC-TOCSY experiments, The O-polysaccharide was found to have a linear repeating unit containing glycerol 1-phosphate and two residues each of Gal and GlcNAc. The following O-polysaccharide structure was established, which, to our knowledge, is unique among known bacterial polysaccharide structures.
Topics: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; O Antigens; Phosphorylation; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Proteus penneri; Serogroup
PubMed: 32652158
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.012 -
IScience Sep 2022Microorganisms with high selenite-tolerant and efficient reduction ability of selenite have seldom been reported. In this study, a highly selenite-resistant strain (up...
Microorganisms with high selenite-tolerant and efficient reduction ability of selenite have seldom been reported. In this study, a highly selenite-resistant strain (up to 500 mM), isolated from lateritic red soil, was identified as LAB-1. Remarkably, isolate LAB-1 reduced nearly 2 mM of selenite within 18 h with the production of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) at the beginning of the exponential phase. Moreover, selenite reduction activities of strain LAB-1 were detected in the membrane protein fraction with or without NADPH/NADH as electron donors. Strain LAB-1 transported selenite to the membrane via nitrate transport protein. The selenite was reduced to SeNPs through the glutathione pathway and the catalysis of nitrate reductase, and the glutathione pathway played the decisive role. LAB-1 could be a potential candidate for the selenite bioremediation and SeNPs synthesis.
PubMed: 36097619
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104904 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Feb 2018A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacillus, strain 08MAS2615, was isolated from the flesh of a pigeon specimen collected in Ma'anshan, Anhui province, China....
A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacillus, strain 08MAS2615, was isolated from the flesh of a pigeon specimen collected in Ma'anshan, Anhui province, China. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that strain 08MAS2615 belonged to the genus Proteus, and formed an independent branch which was clearly separated from the other six known species of Proteus. Strain 08MAS2615 was more closely related to Proteus vulgaris ATCC 29905 and Proteus penneri NCTC 12737 than other Proteus species. Similar independent phylogenetic results were obtained using rpoB gene sequence analysis, whereas strain 08MAS2615 clustered near the species of Proteus cibarius JS9 and Proteus terrae N5/687. Furthermore, the genome-wide core-single nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogenetic tree confirmed that strain 08MAS2615 formed a monophyletic and robust clade. Based on whole-genome sequences, the range of in silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity between strain 08MAS2615 and the six Proteus species were 25.5-48.8 % and 82.8-92.9 %, respectively, less than the proposed cutoff level for species delineation, i.e. 70 and 95 %. In addition, the major cellular fatty acid profile of strain 08MAS2615 was C14 : 0 (12.4 %), C16 : 0 (23.8 %), C17 : 0cyclo (14.4 %), summed feature 2 (C16 : 1iso I/C14 : 0 3-OH) (11.0 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/16 : 1ω6c) (18.5 %) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c) (18.6 %). On the basis of these results, strain 08MAS2615 represents a novel species of the genus Proteus, for which the name Proteuscolumbae sp. nov. is proposed with strain 08MAS2615 (=DSM 104686=CGMCC 1.15982) designated as the species type strain.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Columbidae; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Proteus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 29297845
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002541 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Jun 2024Although Proteus species are occasional causes of serious infections, their epidemiology has not been well defined. The objective was to describe the overall and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Although Proteus species are occasional causes of serious infections, their epidemiology has not been well defined. The objective was to describe the overall and species-specific occurrence and determinants of Proteus species bloodstream infection (BSI) in a large Australian population.
METHODS
All Queensland residents with Proteus species BSI identified within the publicly funded healthcare system between 2000 and 2019 were included.
RESULTS
A total of 2,143 incident episodes of Proteus species BSI were identified among 2,079 Queensland residents. The prevalence of comorbid illness differed with higher Charlson comorbidity scores observed with P. penneri and P. vulgaris, and higher prevalence of liver disease with P. penneri, higher comorbid cancer with P. vulgaris, and lower diabetes and renal disease prevalence with P. mirabilis BSIs.
CONCLUSION
This study provides novel information on the epidemiology of Proteus species BSI.
Topics: Humans; Bacteremia; Male; Middle Aged; Female; Proteus Infections; Aged; Queensland; Proteus; Prevalence; Adult; Comorbidity; Aged, 80 and over; Young Adult; Proteus mirabilis
PubMed: 38574445
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116286