-
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Nov 2021High cholesterol is one of the important factors inducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Drug therapy is the main method for reducing cholesterol, but has...
High cholesterol is one of the important factors inducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Drug therapy is the main method for reducing cholesterol, but has the disadvantages such as high cost and side effects. Studies have shown that intestinal bacteria play important roles in cholesterol metabolism. However, there are few reports on the screening and functional evaluation of cholesterol-lowering intestinal bacteria. In this study, 36 bile-tolerant bacteria were screened from healthy people stool through culturomics using bovine bile acid or artificial mixed bile acids as substrates. Taking Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) as a positive control, three bile acid concentration groups (0 g/L, 0.3 g/L, 3 g/L) were set up to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering ability of bile-tolerant bacteria in vitro. Ten bacteria (including Proteus mirabilis, Providencia stuartii, Proteus vulgaris et al) were identified as the dominant cholesterol-lowering bacteria. Six of the above bacteria, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia stuartii, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus penneri, Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica, Providencia rettger, were evaluated for their ability to reduce triglycerides in vitro and tolerance to artificial gastric juice. Comparing with strain LGG, the six bacteria showed better triglyceride-lowering ability in vitro. With the decrease of pH value of artificial gastric juice and the increase of treatment time, the survival rate of six bacteria decreased. The above screening experiments and functional evaluation provide a basis for further development of potential cholesterol-lowering bacterial products.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cholesterol; Gammaproteobacteria; Humans; Proteus mirabilis; Providencia
PubMed: 34841780
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.210336 -
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and... Mar 2020This study aimed to isolate and identify of pathogenic bacteria in tiny freshwater shrimp () and in Kung Ten, which is an unusual Thai cuisine that eaten alive shrimp...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to isolate and identify of pathogenic bacteria in tiny freshwater shrimp () and in Kung Ten, which is an unusual Thai cuisine that eaten alive shrimp directly. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and identification of antibiotic resistance genes for isolated bacteria were conducted.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighty of fresh shrimp samples and forty of Kung Ten salads were collected from four fresh markets, which were located in Bangkok and Nonthaburi province ( = 120). The isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility test of pathogenic bacteria were done following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were screened for β-lactamase relating genes, such as C ( and genes), , and genes.
RESULTS
The number of bacterial isolates in tiny freshwater shrimp and Kung Ten salad was 136 and 65, respectively. , , , , and were commonly found. Ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic, cefuroxime, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance were observed, and common antibiotic-resistant bacteria were , , , and . , , , and were positive for gene; , and genes; and genes; and gene, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Raw or uncooked shrimps in Kung Ten salad may a risk in foodborne diseases due to positive for pathogenic bacterial isolates. However, hygienic control on food preparation is difficult to apply because of the difficulty of changing in local Thai food behavior.
PubMed: 32219114
DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g397 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022The aim of this study was phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic-resistant food-borne . The largest number of isolates was identified as (42.4%)...
The aim of this study was phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic-resistant food-borne . The largest number of isolates was identified as (42.4%) followed by (9.8%), (7.6% each), (6.6%), and (5.4% each). More than half of isolates (52.2%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The majority were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate (28.3%) and ampicillin (19.5%). ESBL(+) phenotype was showed by 26 isolates and AmpC(+) phenotype by 32 isolates. The gene was carried by 53.8% of ESBL-positive isolates, gene from CIT family by 43.8% of AmpC-positive isolates. Our results suggest that more attention should be paid to antibiotic resistance of food-borne . The presence of transmissible antibiotic resistance markers is an important criterion in the evaluation of food safety.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenotype; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 33784901
DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1908522 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Dec 2015In the context of studying the influence of N-fertilization on N2 and N2O flux rates in relation to the soil bacterial community composition in fen peat grassland, a...
In the context of studying the influence of N-fertilization on N2 and N2O flux rates in relation to the soil bacterial community composition in fen peat grassland, a group of bacterial strains was isolated that performed dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and concomitantly produced N2O. The amount of nitrous oxide produced was influenced by the C/N ratio of the medium. The potential to generate nitrous oxide was increased by higher availability of nitrate-N. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA and the rpoB gene sequences demonstrated that the investigated isolates belong to the genus Proteus, showing high similarity with the respective type strains of Proteus vulgaris and Proteus penneri. DNA-DNA hybridization studies revealed differences at the species level. These differences were substantiated by MALDI-TOF MS analysis and several distinct physiological characteristics. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the soil isolates represent a novel species for which the name Proteus terrae sp. nov. (type strain N5/687(T) =DSM 29910(T) =LMG 28659(T)) is proposed.
Topics: Ammonia; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Carbon; Cluster Analysis; Culture Media; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Deinococcus; Molecular Sequence Data; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Nitrous Oxide; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Proteus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 26437638
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0601-5 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy May 2018The complete nucleotide sequences of six IMP-4-encoding plasmids recovered from isolates of wildlife origin were characterized. Sequencing data showed that plasmids of...
Characterization of the Complete Nucleotide Sequences of IMP-4-Encoding Plasmids, Belonging to Diverse Inc Families, Recovered from Enterobacteriaceae Isolates of Wildlife Origin.
The complete nucleotide sequences of six IMP-4-encoding plasmids recovered from isolates of wildlife origin were characterized. Sequencing data showed that plasmids of different incompatibility groups (IncM, IncI1, IncF, and nontypeable [including an IncX5_2 and two pPrY2001-like]) carried the -carrying integrons In809 or In1460. Most of the plasmids carried an (A) region, and -like, , and genes. Finally, plasmid analysis revealed the involvement of two different IS- and Tn-associated mechanisms in the mobilization of IMP-4-encoding integrons.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Plasmids
PubMed: 29483121
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02434-17 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Apr 2021Naja atra is a major venomous snake found in Taiwan. The bite of this snake causes extensive wound necrosis or necrotizing soft tissue infection. Conventional microbial...
An investigation of conventional microbial culture for the Naja atra bite wound, and the comparison between culture-based 16S Sanger sequencing and 16S metagenomics of the snake oropharyngeal bacterial microbiota.
Naja atra is a major venomous snake found in Taiwan. The bite of this snake causes extensive wound necrosis or necrotizing soft tissue infection. Conventional microbial culture-based techniques may fail to identify potential human pathogens and render antibiotics ineffective in the management of wound infection. Therefore, we evaluated 16S Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify bacterial species in the oropharynx of N. atra. Using conventional microbial culture methods and the VITEK 2 system, we isolated nine species from snakebite wounds. On the basis of the 16S Sanger sequencing of bacterial clones from agar plates, we identified 18 bacterial species in the oropharynx of N. atra, including Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, and Proteus mirabilis, which were also present in the infected bite wound. Using NGS of 16S metagenomics, we uncovered more than 286 bacterial species in the oropharynx of N. atra. In addition, the bacterial species identified using 16S Sanger sequencing accounted for only 2% of those identified through NGS of 16S metagenomics. The bacterial microbiota of the oropharynx of N. atra were modeled better using NGS of 16S metagenomics compared to microbial culture-based techniques. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Proteus penneri were also identified in the NGS of 16S metagenomics. Understanding the bacterial microbiota that are native to the oropharynx of N. atra, in addition to the bite wound, may have additional therapeutic implications regarding empiric antibiotic selection for managing N. atra bites.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Female; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Male; Metagenomics; Middle Aged; Naja naja; Oropharynx; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Snake Bites; Taiwan; Wound Infection
PubMed: 33857127
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009331 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Jun 2020During a snake bite, the microbes may get transferred to the bite site and may cause secondary infection along with envenomation. The knowledge on the oral bacterial...
During a snake bite, the microbes may get transferred to the bite site and may cause secondary infection along with envenomation. The knowledge on the oral bacterial flora of snakes constitutes information important for snake bite management. The inadequately studied oral microflora of snakes differ geographically, temporally and among the members of the same species. The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of oral bacterial flora of Saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Oral swabs were collected from nine healthy Saw-scaled vipers, subjected to microbiological, biochemical and molecular characterization. Additionally, these isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using ICOSA-20-Plus and ICOSA-20-Minus. A wide range of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella arizonae, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Proteus penneri, Alcaligenes faecalis; Citrobacter diversus, C. freundii, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococcus sciuri and Achromobacter xylosoxidans were isolated as new additions to the floral diversity of saw scale viper. Most of the isolates were sensitive towards amikacin, azithromycin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, tobramycin, levofloxacin, kanamycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol while resistant to amoxyclav, cephalothin, cefpodoxime, Co-Trimoxazole, oxacillin and penicillin. The present study revealed that the bacterial flora of the oral cavity of Saw-scaled viper is resistant to many common antibiotics, which are often used for the treatment of snake-bite victims.
Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Ceftizoxime; Ciprofloxacin; Gentamicins; Imipenem; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbiota; Mouth; Penicillins; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Viperidae; Cefpodoxime
PubMed: 32169497
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104121 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019is an ethnic, naturally fermented soybean product consumed in the Sikkim Himalayan region of India. In the present study, the whole metagenome sequencing approach was...
is an ethnic, naturally fermented soybean product consumed in the Sikkim Himalayan region of India. In the present study, the whole metagenome sequencing approach was adopted to examine the microbial diversity and related functional potential of , consumed in different seasons. Firmicutes was the abundant phylum in , ranging from 82.31 to 93.99% in different seasons, followed by Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. At the species level, the prevalent microorganisms were , , , , , and . The abundance of microbial species varied significantly in different seasons. Further, the genomic presence of some undesirable microbes like , , , and , were also detected in the specific season. The metagenomic analysis also revealed the existence of bacteriophages belonging to the family , , and . Examination of the metabolic potential of the metagenome depicted information about the biocatalysts, presumably involved in the transformation of protein and carbohydrate polymers into bioactive molecules of health-beneficial effects. The genomic resource of several desirable enzymes was identified, such as β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, and glutamate decarboxylase, etc. The catalytic function of a novel glutamate decarboxylase gene was validated for the biosynthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The results of the present study highlight the microbial and genomic resources associated with , and its importance in functional food industry.
PubMed: 31428064
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01744 -
Heliyon Dec 2018The objective of the present work was to examine the bacterial flora associated with the oral cavity of Indian cobra and to study their antibiogram.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of the present work was to examine the bacterial flora associated with the oral cavity of Indian cobra and to study their antibiogram.
METHODS
Oral swabs, collected from six healthy (4 males and 2 females) adult cobra, were subjected to microbiological examination through differential media. A total of 74 isolates which demonstrated noticeable colony characters were studied with different biochemical tests. The strains that showed distinctive colonies, morphology and biochemical parameters were additionally subjected to phylogenetic characterization using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Further, the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using ICOSA-20-plus and ICOSA-20-minus.
RESULTS
Microscopic examination of the oral cavity of Indian cobra revealed the dominance of Gram-negative bacteria over Gram-positive. The oral microflora constituted of bacteria such as sp. ( A); sp. (); sp. (); ; sp.; sp. (); sp. () sp. (); sp. (); sp.; sp.; sp. ( and ); sp. (); sp. (); sp.; sp. and sp. Most of the isolates were resistant towards antibiotics such as Penicillin, Cefpodoxime, Amoxyclav, Co-Trimoxazole, Ticarcillin, Erythromycin and Nalidixic acid while sensitive towards Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Ofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Tobromycin, Ceftriaxone, Tetracycline, Novobiocin and Imipenem.
CONCLUSIONS
The secondary complications of the snake bite victims should be managed with appropriate antibiotics after proper examination of the bacterial flora from the wound sites.
PubMed: 30582036
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01008 -
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo... Nov 2017To investigate the microbial contamination in Chinese herbal decoction pieces with different functional types by studying the total aerobic microbial count (TAMC), and...
To investigate the microbial contamination in Chinese herbal decoction pieces with different functional types by studying the total aerobic microbial count (TAMC), and total yeast and mould count (TYMC) in 40 samples of 8 types of root decoction pieces; further evaluate the contamination load of bile-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, and identify the Gram-negative bacteria by using biochemical identification system for Gram-negative bacteria. Our results showed that the TAMC value was more than 1 000 CFU•g⁻¹ in 85% (34/40) samples, and was more than 100 CFU•g⁻¹ in 30% (12/40) samples; the contamination of bile-resistant Gram-negative bacteria was detected in 45% (18/40) of the samples. The bile-resistant Gram-negative bacteria load of seven batches of samples was N>1 000 MPN•g⁻¹. Sixteen bacterium strains including Serratia plymouthensis, Cedecea neteri, Escherichia vulneris, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter amnigenus, E. cloacae, E. sakazakii, Proteus penneri and E. gergoviae were obtained and identified. E. cloacae was the predominant bacterium that was isolated from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, while E. amnigenus, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was the typical bacterium of Ophiopogonis Radix and Codonopsis Radix, respectively. All these suggested that the contamination of bile-resistant Gram-negative bacteria was severe for the root decoction pieces in Wuhan city. Microbial species have certain selection specificity for medicinal ingredients, so the type and limit of control bacteria for detection should be formulated according to the pollution type and quantity of bile-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bile; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Plant Roots
PubMed: 29271151
DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20171017.001