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Journal of Toxicology and Environmental... Sep 2023The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical profile, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of crude aqueous leaf extracts of and . The predominant...
The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical profile, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of crude aqueous leaf extracts of and . The predominant components present in these crude extracts of test plants identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis in both plant extracts were phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and phenols. The antibacterial activity of crude extracts of these plants against bacterial pathogens including sp., A and B, sp. , and were examined. Data demonstrated that the extracts of and exhibited significant antibacterial activity against and at the concentration of 50 mg/ml. aqueous extract displayed significant antioxidant activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl (DPPH), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) free radicals at the concentration of 90 mg/ml. The antioxidant activity was significantly higher with than extract of . Evidence indicates that both plant extracts may possess significant pharmaceutical potential as antibacterial and antioxidant agents.
Topics: Antioxidants; Hydrogen Peroxide; Plant Extracts; Phytochemicals; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37395392
DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2231484 -
Metabolites Aug 2022Native South Africans make use of Sch. Bip. extracts for the treatment of a variety of infections and they are important in traditional medicinal preparations. This...
Native South Africans make use of Sch. Bip. extracts for the treatment of a variety of infections and they are important in traditional medicinal preparations. This study investigated the effect of seasonal variation and geographical location on the antibacterial and antifungal activities of Material was collected in two different seasons: early spring, with high rainfall and high temperatures (October), and late autumn, with low rainfall and lower temperatures (May). Further analysis was carried out using H-NMR based metabolomics to analyse and compare the chemical profiles of the plants in both seasons and locations. Plant materials were collected from two sites for each season, at Wakefield farm (KwaZulu-Natal), representing a colder, wetter environment, and Telperion (Mpumalanga), representing a drier and warmer environment. Leaves of were tested against bacteria ( () and ()) as well as fungi ( (), (), (), () and ()). Extracts from the October harvest showed significant activities against the Gram-negative bacterium compared to the May harvest, with an MIC value of 62.5 µg/mL. Similar activity was observed between the extracts from the wet season across the two geographically different locations. There was generally very good antifungal activity observed for all the species, with the exception of , which had MIC values ranging from 0.39-1.56 µg/mL. Extracts of plant materials harvested in the wetter region had a significantly higher activity against and in both seasons than those from plants harvested in the drier region. Telperion-harvested plants exhibited better activity against in the autumn. Hydrogen-1 NMR metabolomic analysis confirmed the significant effects of the seasons and the peculiar climates of different localities on the secondary metabolite profile of
PubMed: 36005630
DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080758 -
Organic Letters Jun 2023Herein, we report the first total synthesis of the trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide repeating units of 26 and TG155, respectively, having a common disaccharide unit,...
Herein, we report the first total synthesis of the trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide repeating units of 26 and TG155, respectively, having a common disaccharide unit, 3-α-l-QuiNAc-(1 → 3)-α-d-GlcNAc-(1 →. Striking features of the targets are the presence of rare sugar units, l-quinovosamine and l-rhamnosamine, all joined through α-glycosidic linkages. Major challenges in the formation of 1,2- glycosidic linkages in the case of d-glucosamine, l-quinovosamine, and d-galactosamine have been addressed.
Topics: Proteus penneri; Proteus vulgaris; Carbohydrate Sequence; O Antigens; Disaccharides
PubMed: 37284758
DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01618 -
Antimicrobial activity of synthesized graphene oxide-selenium nanocomposites: A mechanistic insight.Environmental Science and Pollution... Feb 2023Nanoparticles have recently gained interest as an anti-bacterial agent due to their large surface area/volume ratio and potential to compromise the integrity of...
Nanoparticles have recently gained interest as an anti-bacterial agent due to their large surface area/volume ratio and potential to compromise the integrity of bacterial cell membranes. Due to its versatility and anti-bacterial activity, graphene-based materials have drawn significant interest in biomedical applications. One of the greatest threats to life in the modern technological era is the pervasiveness of infectious diseases since bacteria cells are constantly updating themselves to resist antibiotics. In this presented study, GO-Se nanocomposite has been synthesized using polymer solution via a simple dispersion method. The structural and physicochemical properties of nanocomposite were investigated in detail. Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, and Bacillus subtilis bacterial strains were employed to study the anti-bacterial activity of GO-Se nanocomposite. The results show that the synthesized nanocomposites have good efficacy as an anti-bacterial agent. UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, HRTEM, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze the as-prepared GO and GO-Se nanocomposite.
Topics: Graphite; Selenium; Nanocomposites; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 36227490
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23550-3 -
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular... Jan 2020The human-pathogenic bacteria have become highly resistant to conventional antibiotics; for this reason, a new biosynthesized nanomaterial might be a solution. The...
The human-pathogenic bacteria have become highly resistant to conventional antibiotics; for this reason, a new biosynthesized nanomaterial might be a solution. The culture filtrate of two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum (14, 17) was used in the biosynthesis of nanosilver (AgNPs). The size of the nanoparticles produced by isolate F14 ranged from 19 to 30 nm, whereas the size of those formed via isolate F17 ranged between 16 and 25 nm. Moreover, the produced bio-nanosilver was tested against the human-pathogenic bacteria Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumonia and the outcome results displayed great antibacterial efficacy in a different manner compared with the three different biogenic antibiotics. Collectively, the results depicted that the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) showed a three and a half times greater activity than the used antibiotics. Differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to study gene regulation in the treated E. coli (F14) compared with the nontreated ones. Different upregulated and downregulated genes were observed. The cytotoxicity of the produced AgNPs was examined on rats with an average body weight of 200 g each; these animals were grouped into three different groups. The obtained AgNPs showed very low toxicity on the treated rats in comparison to the control group. The physiological parameters, for example, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, albumin, creatinine, and urea in the treated animals were changed within to a lower degree compared with those in the nontreated animals. The current study exhibited that AgNPs might be favorable antibacterial agents, especially against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Rats; Silver; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 31714658
DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22418 -
Journal of Spine Surgery (Hong Kong) Jun 2019Chemonucleolysis is a minimally invasive treatment for cervical and lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IDH). While this procedure has existed for more than 50 years,... (Review)
Review
Chemonucleolysis is a minimally invasive treatment for cervical and lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IDH). While this procedure has existed for more than 50 years, it has yet to become an established practice. The main reason for this is the low specificity of enzymes targeting nucleus pulposus (NP). Although two enzymes (chymopapain and collagenase) have been used in clinical settings, severe adverse events have discouraged widespread use. The recently introduced enzyme chondroitin sulfate ABC endolyase may allow a new era of chemonucleolysis because of its high specificity for NP.
PubMed: 31380500
DOI: 10.21037/jss.2019.04.24 -
Clinical Laboratory Sep 2023We aimed to analyze the infection characteristics of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and their resistance to antibiotics in patients with diabetic foot and provide...
BACKGROUND
We aimed to analyze the infection characteristics of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and their resistance to antibiotics in patients with diabetic foot and provide guidance for the use of antibiotics in clinical practice.
METHODS
The clinical data of 737 patients with diabetic foot who were hospitalized at our institution from February 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Purulent secretions were collected from the patient's ulcers and bacterial culture, identification, and drug susceptibility tests were performed. The multidrug resistance (MDR) rate of different bacteria, composition ratio of MDROs, drug resistance characteristics of the main MDROs, distribution characteristics of multidrug-resistant gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli in patients with different Wagner Grades, MDR in patients with different Wagner Grades, bacterial infection rate, and other indicators were analyzed.
RESULTS
Pathogenic bacteria from wound secretions of 505 patients were cultured, and 509 pathogenic bacteria were obtained. Among the pathogenic bacteria, 225 strains were gram-positive cocci, of which 172 (76.44%) were MDROs, and 284 were gram-negative bacilli, of which 232 (81.69%) were MDROs. Among the 404 multidrug-resistant strains, gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli accounted for 42.57% and 57.43%, respectively. The top five dominant MDROs were Staphylococcus aureus (18.56%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (10.89%), Escherichia coli (10.15%), Proteus mirabilis (8.17%), Proteus vulgaris (6.19%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.19%). Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were more resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin, with resistance rates of 50.0 - 95.0%. The resistance rates of E. coli to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime were > 75%. With an increase in Wagner Grade, the proportion of gram-negative bacilli among the pathogenic bacteria of MDROs increased significantly (p < 0.05), as did the infection rate of MDROs in patients with diabetic foot (χ2 = 14.045, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
MDROs in patients with diabetic foot are mainly gram-negative bacilli, followed by gram-positive cocci. The drug resistance of various MDROs varies greatly. With the increase in Wagner Grade and MDR of diabetic foot patients, the infection rate of drug-resistant bacteria has increased significantly. Therefore, clinicians should use drugs rationally according to drug sensitivity results.
Topics: Humans; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Diabetic Foot; Coagulase; Escherichia coli; Retrospective Studies; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Staphylococcal Infections; Oxacillin; Staphylococcus; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37702668
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2023.230309 -
Current Microbiology Oct 2020For many years, researchers were looking for new antibacterial substances to deal with hospital infections and especially resistant infections. Nanoparticles attracted...
For many years, researchers were looking for new antibacterial substances to deal with hospital infections and especially resistant infections. Nanoparticles attracted much attentions because of their very small size that increases the surface to capacity ratio and consequently increase chemical activity. In this study, the antibacterial effects of silver, copper oxide, nickel oxide, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were studied on Proteus vulgaris, as a bacterium involved in the resistant hospital infections. The capability of nanoparticles to inhibit the growth of bacteria was assessed via 9 different methods including cylinder, disk, and well-diffusion, spot test, MBC, MIC, liquid inhibitory action test, diffusion, and assessing the effects of nanoparticles on a 24-h culture. Based on the results, copper oxide and silver nanoparticles had high antibacterial effects on P. vulgaris in both liquid and solid cultures, respectively. However, nickel oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles only had a weak effect on the inhibition of bacterial growth in the liquid culture. CuO and Ag NPs could release ions and consequently produce free radicals, disturb the equilibrium of electrons between electron donor groups and inactivate enzymes and DNA of the organisms. Moreover, they triggered holes in the bacterial membrane to disturb cellular ion equilibrium. So, they can be used to inhibit the growth of pathogens. Besides, further studies have shown that they could be used as a supplementary treatment and/or in combination with other drugs to cure infections caused by P. vulgaris.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Metal Nanoparticles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nanoparticles; Proteus vulgaris; Silver
PubMed: 32468183
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02029-9 -
Chemistry Central Journal Jan 2018There is a dire need for the discovery and development of new antimicrobial agents after several experiments for a better resistance of microorganisms towards...
BACKGROUND
There is a dire need for the discovery and development of new antimicrobial agents after several experiments for a better resistance of microorganisms towards antimicrobial agents become a serious health problem for a few years in the past. As benzimidazole possess various types of biological activities, it has been synthesized, in the present study, a new series of (5-(3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzofuran-2-yl)(phenyl)methanone analogs by using the condensation and screened for its in vitro antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity.
RESULTS
The synthesized (5-(3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzofuran-2-yl)(phenyl)methanone analogs were confirmed by IR, H and C-NMR, MS spectra and HRMS spectral data. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial potential against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Staph aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter aerogenes) bacterial and fungal (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani) strains by disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in which it has been recorded in microgram per milliliter in comparison to the reference drugs, ciprofloxacin (antibacterial) and nystatin (antifungal). Further, the cytotoxicity (IC value) has also been assessed on human cervical (HeLa), Supt1 cancer cell lines by using MTT assay.
CONCLUSIONS
The following screened compounds (4d), (4f), (4g), (4k), (4l), (4o) and (4u) were found to be the best active against all the tested bacterial and fungal strains among all the demonstrated compounds of biological study. The MIC determination was also carried out against bacteria and fungi, the compounds (4f) and (4u) are found to be exhibited excellent potent against bacteria and fungi respectively. The compounds (4f) and (4u) were shown non-toxic in nature after screened for cytotoxicity against the cancer cell lines of human cervical (HeLa) and Supt1. Additionally, structure and antibacterial activity relationship were also further supported by in silico molecular docking studies of the active compounds against DNA topoisomerase.
PubMed: 29318401
DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0364-3 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Microbial consortia with high cellulase activities can speed up the composting of agricultural wastes with high cellulose contents and promote the beneficial utilization...
Microbial consortia with high cellulase activities can speed up the composting of agricultural wastes with high cellulose contents and promote the beneficial utilization of agricultural wastes. In this paper, rabbit feces and sesame oil cake were used as feedstocks for compost production. Cellulose-degrading microbial strains were isolated from compost samples taken at the different composting stages and screened Congo red staining and filter paper degradation test. Seven strains, , , , , , , and , with high activities of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), filter paper cellulase (FPase), and β-glucosidase (β-Gase) were identified and selected for consortium design. Six microbial consortia were designed with these strains. Compared with the other five consortia, consortium VI composed of all seven strains displayed the highest cellulase activities, 141.89, 104.56, and 131.18 U/ml of CMCase, FPase, and β-Gase, respectively. The single factor approach and response surface method were employed to optimize CMCase production of consortium VI. The optimized conditions were: culture time 4.25 days, culture temperature 35.5°C, pH 6.6, and inoculum volume 5% (v/v). Under these optimized conditions, the CMCase activity of consortium VI was up to 170.83 U/ml. Fermentation experiment of rabbit feces was carried out by using the consortium VI cultured under the optimal conditions. It was found that the application effect was better than other treatments, and the fermentation efficiency and nutrient content of the pile were significantly improved. This study provides a basis for the design of microbial consortia for the composting of agricultural wastes with high cellulose contents and provides a support for beneficial utilization of agricultural wastes.
PubMed: 35910619
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.957444