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Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 2018The current study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of , , and virulence genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in spp. isolated from 5 commercially...
The current study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of , , and virulence genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in spp. isolated from 5 commercially popular species of pet turtles and comparison of the gene sequences of isolates with human clinical isolates. A total of 24 isolates in pet turtles were identified, comprised of (15), (7) and (2). The prevalence of , , and genes among all identified spp. isolates were 91.7%, 50%, 45.8% and 45.8%, respectively. The average percentage similarities of gene sequence of pet turtle isolates to human urinary and respiratory isolates were 96.35% and 94.85%, respectively. The prevalence of virulence genes and high similarity of gene sequences between pet turtles and human isolates revealed that though pet turtles are healthy, these animals may pose a potential risk of urinary and respiratory infections to humans.
PubMed: 29805463
DOI: No ID Found -
Silver nanoparticles synthesized by probiotic bacteria and antibacterial role in resistant bacteria.AMB Express Dec 2023Many dangerous bacteria have become highly resistant to traditional antibiotics, which is a huge public health concern. This study investigated the use of silver...
Many dangerous bacteria have become highly resistant to traditional antibiotics, which is a huge public health concern. This study investigated the use of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized in a culture filtrate of Lactobacillus acidophilus as antimicrobials. UV-visual spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray power diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy have all validated the findings. The biosynthesized nanoparticles ranged in size from 33 to 90 nm. The cytotoxicity of the nanosilver generated was then investigated using nine 200 g BW rats separated into three groups. When compared to the control group, the treated rats showed little signs of toxicity; parameters of physiological function, including alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, creatinine, and urea were significantly different in treated and non-treated animals. Moreover, the antibacterial role of the generated silver nanoparticles was examined in multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, revealing high antibacterial activity against the examined bacteria. For more demonstration of the effect of the nanosilver on transcription and gene regulation of treated and non-treated bacteria differential display droplet digital-PCR was used, and the results revealed that several genes were up- and down-regulated. Some genes were selected for DNA sequencing and according to the sequence analysis, these genes were mecA, beta-lactam, and unidentified protein genes, and these have been deposited in the GenBank Database with the following accession numbers: Staphylococcus MZ748472 and Klebsiella MZ748473. We conclude that silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by L. acidophilus are environmentally friendly and have antibacterial activities against MDR pathogenic bacteria.
PubMed: 38062240
DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01651-7 -
BMJ Open Sep 2021To investigate the bacterial aetiologies and associated risk factors of gastroenteritis among typhoid suspected cases.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the bacterial aetiologies and associated risk factors of gastroenteritis among typhoid suspected cases.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
This study was conducted at Dschang District Hospital of the Menoua Division, West Region of Cameroon, between April-November 2019 and June 2020.
PARTICIPANTS
Participants aged ≥2 years (mean 34±18.77 years) and of both sex suspected of having typhoid fever were included, while non-suspected typhoid cases were excluded. Self-reported sociodemographic and health information at recruitment was obtained from 556 participants.
METHODS
Collected stool samples were examined macroscopically and microscopically and subjected to culture. After culture, Gram staining was performed, followed by biochemical testing and characterisation using the Analytical Profile Index (API-20E) test kit.
INTERVENTIONS'
No intervention was done during the period of study.
OUTCOME MEASURES
We identified bacterial causing gastroenteritis, and associated risk factors calculated using binary regression, adjusting for sociodemographic and health variables.
RESULTS
Of 556 patients, 74.28% tested positive for gastroenteritis. Among pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis, was found to be the main cause (21.1%), followed by (10.4%), (8.2%), (8.2%), (7.3%), whereas spp and were less represented among pathogens causing the disease among patients. A significant difference (p=0.002) was observed between abdominal pain and all the micro-organisms isolated from the patients. Patients having primary level of education were significantly associated (p=0.017; 3.163 (95% CI 1.228 to 8.147)) with the prevalence of gastroenteritis. Consumption of beverages (Wald statistic: 4.823; OR: 2.471; 95% CI (1.102 to 5.539); p=0.028), use of modern toilet (Wald statistic: 4.471; OR: 1.723; 95% CI (1.041 to 2.852); p=0.034) were strongly associated with gastroenteritis and rearing of bird (Wald statistic: 4.880; OR: 0.560; 95% CI (0.335 to 0.937); p=0.027), was found to be protective.
CONCLUSION
Acute bacterial gastroenteritis is a significant cause of morbidity in Dschang, with the prevalence of 74.28%. Many pathogens accounted for gastroenteritis, and (21.1%) could be a major cause, followed by (10.4%), (8.2%), (8.2%), (7.3%), whereas spp and were less represented. Gastroenteritis was highly associated with primary level of education, consumption of beverages, use of modern toilet while rearing of birds was unexpectedly found to be protective against Gastroenteritis. Further characterisation is planned.
Topics: Cameroon; Cross-Sectional Studies; Escherichia coli; Gastroenteritis; Hospitals, District; Humans; Outpatients; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34518249
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045965 -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Feb 2018Bacterial antibiotic resistance is on rise despite advances in the development of new antibiotics. In an attempt to circumvent resistance, scientists are shifting focus...
INTRODUCTION
Bacterial antibiotic resistance is on rise despite advances in the development of new antibiotics. In an attempt to circumvent resistance, scientists are shifting focus from modifying existent antibiotics to identifying new antibiotic compounds.
AIM
To assess the potential antibiotic effects of functionalised ferrocenecarboxylates para-substituted on the phenoxy pendant group to form: 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 4-iodophenyl and 4-(H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
For this, we employed the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using a collection of nine bacterial species:
RESULTS
The results show that all four-halogen substituted 4-fluorophenyl (23.33 μM, 11.66 μM, 5.83 μM), 4-chlorophenyl (10.16 μM, 5.08 μM, 2.54 μM), 4-bromophenyl (9.0 μM, 4.5 μM, 2.25 μM), and 4-iodophenyl (17.12 μM, 8.56 μM, 4.28 μM) exhibited an antibacterial effect by reducing proliferation of . Meanwhile, only 4-bromophenyl (9.0 μM) and 4-chlorophenyl (10.16 μM) ferrocenecarboxylates were able to decrease the growth of .
CONCLUSION
Hence, functionalised ferrocenecarboxylates para-substituted with small and simple groups represent a novel class of bio-organometallic compounds with the potential to be used as antibacterial agents.
PubMed: 29780759
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2018/30149.11218 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Jan 2018The elimination of disease-causing microbes from the food supply is a primary goal and this review deals with the overall techniques available for detection of... (Review)
Review
The elimination of disease-causing microbes from the food supply is a primary goal and this review deals with the overall techniques available for detection of food-borne pathogens. Now-a-days conventional methods are replaced by advanced methods like Biosensors, Nucleic Acid-based Tests (NAT), and different PCR-based techniques used in molecular biology to identify specific pathogens. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and pathogens are detected in contaminated food items that cause always diseases in human in any one or the other way. Identification of food-borne pathogens in a short period of time is still a challenge to the scientific field in general and food technology in particular. The low level of food contamination by major pathogens requires specific sensitive detection platforms and the present area of hot research looking forward to new nanomolecular techniques for nanomaterials, make them suitable for the development of assays with high sensitivity, response time, and portability. With the sound of these, we attempt to highlight a comprehensive overview about food-borne pathogen detection by rapid, sensitive, accurate, and cost affordable in situ analytical methods from conventional methods to recent molecular approaches for advanced food and microbiology research.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Costs and Cost Analysis; DNA, Bacterial; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Immunoassay; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Nanotechnology; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 26745757
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1126701 -
Biotechnology Journal May 2021Chondroitinase ABC I (csABC I) has attracted intensive attention because of its great potential in heparin refining and the enzymatic preparation of low-molecular-weight...
Chondroitinase ABC I (csABC I) has attracted intensive attention because of its great potential in heparin refining and the enzymatic preparation of low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate (LMW-CS). However, low thermal resistance (<30℃) restricts its applications. Herein, structure-guided and sequence-assisted combinatorial engineering approaches were applied to improve the thermal resistance of Proteus vulgaris csABC I. By integrating the deletion of the flexible fragment R166-L170 at the N-terminal domain and the mutation of E694P at the C-terminal domain, variant NΔ5/E694P exhibited 247-fold improvement of its half-life at 37℃ and a 2.3-fold increase in the specific activity. Through batch fermentation in a 3-L fermenter, the expression of variant NΔ5/E694P in an Escherichia coli host reached 1.7 g L with the activity of 1.0 × 10 U L . Finally, the enzymatic approach for the preparation of LMW-CS was established. By modulating enzyme concentration and controlling depolymerization time, specifically distributed LMW-CS (7000, 3400, and 1900 Da) with low polydispersity was produced, demonstrating the applicability of these processes for the industrial production of LMW-CS in a more environmentally friendly way.
Topics: Chondroitin ABC Lyase; Chondroitin Sulfates; Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases; Molecular Weight; Proteus vulgaris
PubMed: 33350041
DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000321 -
FEMS Microbiology Letters Nov 2021Nine morphologically distinct halophilic yeasts were isolated from Makgadikgadi and Sua pans, as pristine and extreme environments in Botswana. Screening for...
Nine morphologically distinct halophilic yeasts were isolated from Makgadikgadi and Sua pans, as pristine and extreme environments in Botswana. Screening for biosurfactant production showed that Rhodotorula mucilaginosa SP6 and Debaryomyces hansenii MK9 exhibited the highest biosurfactant activity using Xanthocercis zambesiaca seed powder as a novel and alternative inexpensive carbon substrate. Chemical characterization of the purified biosurfactants by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy suggested that the biosurfactant from R. mucilaginosa SP6 was a rhamnolipid-type whereas the biosurfactant from D. hansenii MK9 was a sophorolipid-type. The two biosurfactants exhibited antimicrobial activities against eight pathogenic bacteria and fungal strains (Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans and Aspergilus niger). The sophorolopid-type biosurfactant was found to be the most potent among the antimicrobial drug resistant strains tested. The findings open up prospects for the development of environmentally friendly antimicrobial drugs that use an inexpensive source of carbon to reduce the costs associated with the production of biosurfactants.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Botswana; Carbon; Debaryomyces; Extreme Environments; Fungi; Industrial Microbiology; Rhodotorula; Surface-Active Agents; Yeasts
PubMed: 34788824
DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab146 -
Frontiers in Genetics 2022This study investigated the prevalence, antibiogram, virulence, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and non-β-lactam encoding genes of species isolated from...
This study investigated the prevalence, antibiogram, virulence, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and non-β-lactam encoding genes of species isolated from infected dogs in Ismailia province, Egypt. The study was conducted on 70 fecal swabs collected from dogs with diarrhea for bacteriological identification of spp The positive isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility, molecular tests of virulence, ESBLs, and non-β-lactam encoding genes. Prevalence of spp. was 35.7% (25/70), including ( = 23) and ( = 2). The spp prevalence revealed diversity, higher in males than females, in ages < 12 weeks. Investigation of antimicrobial resistance was found against penicillin and amoxicillin (100%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (32%), cephalosporins: cefotaxime and ceftazidime (36%), and monobactam: aztreonam (28%) as ESBLs, in addition to tetracycline (32%) and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (100%). The strains retrieved by PCR revealed C, A, and A virulence genes with variant prevalence as 92%, 60%, and 52%, respectively. In addition, the recovered strains contained ESBL genes with a dramatic variable prevalence of 100%, 92%, 36%, and 32%, to , , , and , respectively, and non β-lactam encoding genes with a prevalence of 100%, 48%, 44%, 20%, and 12%, to 1, A, I1, A, and A1. Moreover, 28% (7/25) of recovering strains were MDR (multidrug-resistant) up to four classes of antimicrobials, and 48% (12/25) of the examined strains were MDR up to three antimicrobial classes. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, our study could be the first report recording MDR spp. in dogs in Egypt.
PubMed: 36276974
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.952689 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021(Danin and Hedge) Bräuchler is a perennial herb in the Lamiaceae family that was discovered and classified in 1998. This green herb is restricted to the mountains...
(Danin and Hedge) Bräuchler is a perennial herb in the Lamiaceae family that was discovered and classified in 1998. This green herb is restricted to the mountains overlooking the Dead Sea, specifically in Jordan's southwest, the Edom mountains, and the Tubas mountains in Palestine. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of essential oil (EO) of air-dried and fresh resulted in the identification of 30 and 42 phytochemicals accounting for 99.56 and 98.64% of the EO, respectively. Thymol (46.07 ± 1.1 and 40.64 ± 1.21%) was the major compound, followed by its biosynthetic precursors -terpinene (21.15 ± 1.05% and 20.65 ± 1.12%), and -cymene (15.02 ± 1.02% and 11.51 ± 0.97%), respectively. Microdilution assay was used to evaluate the antimicrobial property of EOs against (ATCC 25923), clinical isolate Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA), (ATCC 700221) (ATCC 13883), (ATCC 700221), (ATCC 25922) and (ATCC 27853) and (ATCC-90028). With a MIC of 0.135 μg/mL, the EOs has the most potent antibacterial action against . Both EOs display good antifungal efficacy against , with a MIC value of 0.75 μg/mL, which was better than that of Fluconazole's (positive control, MIC = 1.56 μg/mL). The antioxidant capacity of EOs extracted from air-dried and fresh was determined using the DPPH assay, with IC values of 4.78 ± 0.41 and 5.37 ± 0.40 μg/mL, respectively. The tested EOs showed significant cytotoxicity against Hela, HepG2, and COLO-205 cells, with IC values ranging from 82 ± 0.98 to 256 ± 1.95 μg/mL. The current work shows there is a possibility to use the EOs for various applications.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antioxidants; Candida albicans; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Cymenes; Enterococcus faecium; Escherichia coli; Free Radical Scavengers; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Proteus vulgaris; Satureja; Staphylococcal Infections; Thymol
PubMed: 35011355
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010125 -
Journal of Food Science May 2016Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is an edible and medicinal plant distributed in Hainan, China. The antibacterial activities of the extracts of water (WE), petroleum ether...
Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is an edible and medicinal plant distributed in Hainan, China. The antibacterial activities of the extracts of water (WE), petroleum ether (PEE), ethyl acetate (EAE), chloroform (CE), and n-butanol (BE) were assayed by the disk diffusion method. The results showed that the extracts from Noni leaves possessed antibacterial effects against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus. Among 5 different extracts, the BE produced the best antibacterial activity. The samples were first extracted by ethanol, and the primary compounds in the BE fraction of ethanol extract was further isolated and identified. Six phenolic compounds, including 5, 15-dimethylmorindol, ferulic acid, p-hydroxycinamic acid, methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, methyl ferulate, and methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate, were identifiedby NMR. The results indicated that the phenolic compounds might significantly contribute to antibacterial activities of Noni leaves.
Topics: Anthraquinones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Bacteria; China; Cinnamates; Coumaric Acids; Escherichia coli; Morinda; Parabens; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Proteus vulgaris; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 27074391
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13302