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Veterinary Medicine and Science May 2023In mynahs with foreign body ingestion, delayed diagnosis increases the risk of poor outcomes.
BACKGROUND
In mynahs with foreign body ingestion, delayed diagnosis increases the risk of poor outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate various radiologic features on plain and contrast radiographs in mynahs for assessing the presence of ingested foreign bodies.
METHODS
In our cross-sectional study, a total of 41 mynahs were included. The diagnosis was made by history, surgery, excision by forceps or excretion in the faeces. Overall, 21 mynahs were considered not to have a foreign body in their gastrointestinal tract. Plain and post-contrast [oral administration of barium sulphate colloidal suspension of 25% weight/volume (20 mg/kg)] lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs from the cervical and coelomic cavity were taken. Different parameters including oesophageal, proventricular, and small intestinal diameters and opacities were assessed. Image evaluation was performed by two national board-certified radiologists blinded to the final diagnoses.
RESULTS
The inter- and intra-observer reliabilities of the diagnostic features were significant (p < 0.001). The diagnosis of the foreign body was highly accurate [90.2% (95% CI: 76.9%, 92.3%)] with the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the representative characteristic curve of 90.0%, 90.5%, and 0.93%, respectively for plain radiographs. The size and opacity of the oesophagus, proventriculus, and intestinal loops as well as serosal details were significantly different between mynahs with and without foreign body intake (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Lateral and ventrodorsal plain radiographs are highly reliable for diagnosing the presence of non-opaque obstructing objects in the gastrointestinal tract of mynahs. Attention should be paid to the size and opacity of the oesophagus, extension, and opacity of the proventriculus, segmental opacity of intestinal loops, and decrease in serosal details.
Topics: Animals; Starlings; Cross-Sectional Studies; Foreign Bodies; Eating
PubMed: 36626299
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1079 -
Morphologie : Bulletin de L'Association... Mar 2020This study was carried out on 40 chick embryos collected from incubated eggs of Dandarawi chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) on the 5th to 19th incubation day (27 to 45...
This study was carried out on 40 chick embryos collected from incubated eggs of Dandarawi chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) on the 5th to 19th incubation day (27 to 45 Hamburger and Hamilton, H&H stages). In addition, 15 chicks were collected on the day of hatching (stage 46 H&H), one week and two weeks post-hatching to demonstrate the histological, histochemical, and electron microscopic developmental changes of the proventriculus (of the digestive tract). Histologically, the proventriculus was observed as a narrow tube at 27 H&H stage. It was lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium through 27-39 H&H stages and from the stage 43 till post-hatching, it was lined by simple columnar epithelium. The Lamina muscularis mucosa could be identified at stage 43. The proventricular glands were detected firstly at stage 31 and branching at stage 35. Histochemically, the surface epithelium and proventricular glands reacted positively to PAS, alcian blue and bromophenol blue from stage 31 till maturity. The glands displayed an apocrine mode of secretion at stage 39 and their cytoplasm contained abundant mitochondria, RER, secretory granules, and lipid droplets. Enteroendocrine cells could be observed among the glandular and surface epithelium at stage 45 H&H. The interstitial tissue contained fibroblasts and telocytes. The telocytes were firstly detected at stage 35 H&H and composed of a cell body and two long cell processes called telopodes. The tunica muscularis differentiated into three layers of smooth muscle fibers at stage 37 H&H. The cellular and stromal organizations of the proventriculus and their relations to the development and function were discussed.
Topics: Animals; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Enteroendocrine Cells; Gastric Mucosa; Microscopy, Electron; Proventriculus
PubMed: 31587839
DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2019.09.006 -
Poultry Science May 2023Changle goose in Fujian, China is a rare genetic resource and in urgent need to be protected. Understanding the characteristics of digestive physiology and spatial...
Changle goose in Fujian, China is a rare genetic resource and in urgent need to be protected. Understanding the characteristics of digestive physiology and spatial variation of gastrointestinal microbiota is crucial for developing nutritional intervention strategies to improve intestinal health and production performance of goose. Hence, histomorphological assay was used for observing development status of proventriculus, jejunum, and cecum in 70-day-old Changle geese, whereas digesta from 6 alimentary canal locations (crop, proventriculus, gizzard, jejunum, cecum, and rectum) were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) quantitative analysis. The histomorphological observation indicated that the jejunum and cecum of Changle goose were well developed. The alpha diversity analysis revealed that, except rectum, microbiota in other noncecum sections were in high diversity as cecum. The Nonmetric MultiDimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that microbial community of proventriculus, gizzard, and jejunum formed a cluster, which distinctly discrete with the microbiota of the other gastrointestinal locations. Additionally, the proportions of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Campilobacterota at the phylum level and Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Helicobacter, and Subdoligranulum at the genus level exhibited tremendous alternations among different gastrointestinal locations. The characteristic bacterial composition in each section was further disclosed by analyzing the core and feature Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) and SCFAs pattern. Importantly, 7 body-weight-associated ASVs and 2 cecum-development-related ASVs were identified via correlation analysis. In a whole, our findings provided the first insights into the specialized digestive physiology of Changle geese and distinctive regional distribution of gastrointestinal microbiota, which laid the important foundation for improving growth performance through microbiota manipulation in geese.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Geese; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Chickens; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 36933526
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102588 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2021Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a life-threatening neurological disease caused by parrot bornaviruses (PaBVs) that affects several species worldwide. PDD can... (Review)
Review
Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a life-threatening neurological disease caused by parrot bornaviruses (PaBVs) that affects several species worldwide. PDD can be clinically manifested as either a central nervous system condition or a gastrointestinal condition if the nerves and ganglia of the gastrointestinal tract are compromised. We intend to provide a concise review for veterinary clinicians and diagnosticians with focus on the main tools available for PDD diagnosis, including gross and histopathology, immunohistochemistry, molecular techniques and serology. We suggest that a combination of different strategies can increase the success of diagnostic outcomes, as tools such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be implemented for identification of bornaviral infections in live patients, and gross pathology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR can provide reliable results for postmortem diagnosis of PDD.
PubMed: 34944332
DOI: 10.3390/ani11123558 -
Microscopy Research and Technique Jan 2022The present study was implemented to provide comprehensive information on the developmental sequence of the proventriculus of Muscovy ducks by gross examination,...
The present study was implemented to provide comprehensive information on the developmental sequence of the proventriculus of Muscovy ducks by gross examination, macro-micrometric analysis and by using light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Samples from 55 healthy post-hatching Muscovy ducks of both sexes ranging from 1 to 60 days old. The proventriculus began cranially opposite to the cranial end of the liver at 1-15 days old, but in front this level at 30 and 60 days old. Morphometrically, the length of the proventriculus was increased by about four folds while weight by 19 folds at 60 days old when compared with those at one day old. Scanning electron microscopy of the proventricular lumen at one day old exhibited numerous small mostly rounded irregularly distributed openings of the glands, but uniformly distributed and surrounded by closely packed concentrically arranged mucosal folds resembling a rosette shape at the older ages. Histologically, in all studied stages, rounded, elongated oval or polymorphic shaped lobules of the proventricular glands were occupied within the muscularis mucosa. The tubuloalveolar secretory units lined with secretory (oxyntico-peptic) cells with variable shapes had secretory granules increased by the development. Numerous argyrophilic endocrine cells were demonstrated away from the glandular lumen at older ages. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cytoplasm of the secretory cells contained homogeneously electron-dense granules at a young age, but two types of these granules could be recognized at 60 days old. In conclusion, this study provides a wide difference in the morphometric and the structure of the proventriculus from one day to 60 days old. This difference between the examined age-stages may be related to the feeding strategy (behavior) and the functional adaptations from the young to the older ages.
Topics: Animals; Ducks; Electrons; Female; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Proventriculus
PubMed: 34313352
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23884 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 202216S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to investigate changes in the broiler gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota throughout the rearing period and in combination with...
16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to investigate changes in the broiler gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota throughout the rearing period and in combination with antibiotic treatment. Thirty birds (from a commercial flock) were removed at multiple points throughout the rearing period on days 13, 27, and 33, euthanised, and their GIT aseptically removed and divided into upper (the crop, proventriculus, and the gizzard), middle (the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and lower (the large intestine, the caeca, and the cloaca) sections. In a separate commercial flock, on the same farm with similar husbandry practices and feed, doxycycline (100 mg/ml per kg body weight) was administered in drinking water between day 8 and 12 (inclusive) of the production cycle. Birds were removed on days, 13, 27, and 33 and GIT samples prepared as above. The contents of three merged samples from each GIT section were pooled ( = 60), the DNA extracted and analysed by 16S rRNA amplicon metagenomic sequencing and analysed. Major changes in the broiler microbiota were observed as the birds aged particularly with the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F:B) of the lower GIT. Moreover, Chao1, ACE, and Shannon indices showed the antibiotic treatment significantly altered the microbiota, and this change persisted throughout the rearing period. Further research is required to investigate the effect of these changes on bird performance, susceptibility to infections and carriage.
PubMed: 35875529
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.885862 -
International Urogynecology Journal Dec 2023The number of robotically assisted sacrocolpopexy procedures are increasing; therefore, experienced clinicians are needed. Simulation-based cadaver models are...
BACKGROUND
The number of robotically assisted sacrocolpopexy procedures are increasing; therefore, experienced clinicians are needed. Simulation-based cadaver models are challenging in aspects of cost and availability. Therefore, we need to look at alternative and more cost-effective models.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this video was to design a new surgical model for the training of robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy, which is affordable and accessible.
METHODS
We used a whole chicken model to simulate the female pelvic floor. We used Medtronic's Hugo™ RAS system as the robotic console in that procedure. A vaginal cuff was prepared from the proventriculus (stomach), and a Y shaped mesh was secured to the ischium to simulate the sacrocolpopexy procedure.
CONCLUSION
This model is easily constructed and in our view is cost-effective. We have demonstrated a new valuable education tool that can serve as a practical simulation model to teach the sacrocolpopexy procedure and to improve trainees' skills. A larger cohort study size is essential to demonstrate the learning curve among young trainees using this simulation model.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Robotics; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Cohort Studies; Pelvic Organ Prolapse; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Laparoscopy
PubMed: 37453031
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-023-05604-3 -
Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A Aug 2019Nematodes of the genus parasitize ostriches, causing high mortality rates. These nematodes are found in the proventriculus and ventriculus of ostriches, but little is...
Anatomopathological changes, quantification and distribution of spp. in regions of the proventriculus and ventriculus of naturally- and experimentally-infected ostriches.
Nematodes of the genus parasitize ostriches, causing high mortality rates. These nematodes are found in the proventriculus and ventriculus of ostriches, but little is known about their distribution and the possible anatomopathological changes they cause in the various regions of these organs. This paper describes the distribution and quantification of and pathological changes found in regions of the proventriculus and ventriculus of ostriches with high and low levels of both natural and experimental infection. Ostriches were necropsied and tissue samples from the distinct regions of both organs were analysed based on nematode counts and histopathology after staining with haematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome or Alcian blue/PAS. The cranial and glandular regions of the proventriculus were the most parasitized. The ventriculus contained more nematodes in the caudal region. No macro- or microscopic pathological changes were observed in either of these organs of experimentally-infected birds. However, naturally-infected birds with high levels of infection presented proventriculus with macroscopic lesions and heterophilic infiltrates surrounding nematodes. In the glandular region of this organ, nematodes were located in the adenomeres of the secretory ducts, causing altered architecture and erosions and ulcerative lesions with damaged epithelium. Nematode eggs were found in the koilin layer of the middle and caudal regions of the ventriculus only of these birds. The pH of the regions assessed by Alcian blue/PAS staining changed from acidic in the proventriculus to more alkaline in the caudal region of the ventriculus. These data add knowledge to the biology of . The most parasitized areas were the cranial and glandular regions of the proventriculus. Naturally-infected birds with high levels of infection presented macro lesions in the proventriculus and damaged epithelium. Nematode eggs were found in the ventriculus. The proventriculus had an acidic pH, which turned alkaline towards the ventriculus.
Topics: Animals; Autopsy; Bird Diseases; Gizzard, Avian; Proventriculus; Rheiformes; Trichostrongyloidea; Trichostrongyloidiasis
PubMed: 30978306
DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1607254 -
Poultry Science Sep 2022Increasing growth rate, body weight, and breast muscle yield have been linked to broiler muscle problems such as woody breast (WB). The aim of this study was to...
Increasing growth rate, body weight, and breast muscle yield have been linked to broiler muscle problems such as woody breast (WB). The aim of this study was to investigate the internal organ and skeletal muscle development of broilers with WB myopathy under dietary and Eimeria challenge treatments. A 3 diet (control, antibiotic, or probiotic) × 2 challenge (control or Eimeria) × 2 sex factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized complete block design. Ross × Ross 708 chicks were randomly assigned to 96 floor pens with 12 treatment combinations (8 replicates per treatment). Internal organs were sampled on d 13 and 41. Skeletal muscles were sampled on d 41. Internal organ and skeletal muscle weights were analyzed using a 3-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Relationships between WB and internal organ and skeletal muscle weights were analyzed using one-way ANOVA as all treatments were pooled together and regrouped according to WB scores. On d 41, absolute and relative heart weights were greater in males when they were averaged over diet and challenge treatments (P < 0.001 and P = 0.026, respectively). The birds with WB score 3 had greater absolute heart (P = 0.0002) and spleen weights (P = 0.016), but there was no difference in relative spleen weight (P > 0.05). When averaged over diet and challenge treatments, males have greater absolute duodenum, jejunum, and ileum weights (for all P < 0.0001). Compared with birds with normal breasts, the birds with WB scores 1, 2, and 3 had a greater live weight (for all P < 0.0001) and absolute and relative breast weights (for all P < 0.0001). The birds with WB score 1, 2, and 3 had greater (P < 0.0001) absolute but lower (P < 0.0001) relative drumstick, thigh, and wing weights. Results indicated that broilers with WB had lower relative proventriculus and gizzard weights and greater relative breast meat weight with lower relative drumstick, thigh, and wing muscle weights.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Eimeria; Female; Male; Meat; Muscle Development; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Diseases; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 35896053
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102012 -
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine :... Jun 2022This retrospective study reviews the diseases associated with morbidity and mortality in 221 budgerigars () from a captive population from 2013 to 2019. The study aimed... (Review)
Review
This retrospective study reviews the diseases associated with morbidity and mortality in 221 budgerigars () from a captive population from 2013 to 2019. The study aimed to evaluate the health status of a flock of budgerigars typical of today's zoologic collections. Based on previous literature, it was hypothesized that age-related conditions such as neoplasia would be common, whereas metabolic and nutritional disorders would be less common. Neoplasia was widespread among the population, affecting 34% of birds (75/221). Carcinomas made up most neoplastic processes and most commonly affected the renal system ( = 22), followed by the proventriculus ( = 7). Pituitary, adrenal, and hepatocellular carcinomas were less commonly diagnosed. Sarcomas affected the population less often than carcinomas and were found within the coelom (undifferentiated four cases), within the spleen (three cases), within the kidney (two cases), and one subcutaneous soft tissue sarcoma. There were five cases of multicentric lymphoma found most commonly affecting the spleen and liver. Benign neoplasms affected the pituitary most commonly (nine cases), followed by the reproductive system, with seminomas (seven cases) being most common. (MO) was found in 56 cases. The majority (38 cases) were found in conjunction with a range of comorbidities, but several birds experienced MO infections alone, and it was thought to have been the cause of death in these birds (22 cases). In contrast to our hypothesis, disease associated with nutritional or metabolic disorders impacted a substantial portion of the population; hepatic lipidosis (26 cases) was the most common along with obesity (26 cases), followed by atherosclerosis, xanthomas, and gout (8, 7, and 4 cases, respectively). Traumatic lesions were noted in 41 cases and were most commonly characterized by head trauma and cerebral hemorrhage. Toxicity was rare; five total cases caused by a single carbon monoxide event were identified.
Topics: Animals; Bird Diseases; Carcinoma; Melopsittacus; Morbidity; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35758585
DOI: 10.1638/2020-0227