-
Graefe's Archive For Clinical and... Jan 2017Hereditary congenital cataract varies immensely concerning location and form of the lens opacities. A specific and very rare phenotype is called "ant-egg" cataract first...
PURPOSE
Hereditary congenital cataract varies immensely concerning location and form of the lens opacities. A specific and very rare phenotype is called "ant-egg" cataract first described in 1900. "Ant-eggs" have previously been examined using light microscopy, backscattered electron imaging and X-ray scans and electron microscopy. The purpose of this study was to further characterize "ant-egg" cataract using modern technology and display the history of the "ant-eggs" after cataract extraction.
METHODS
"Ant-eggs" were examined using Heidelberg SPECTRALIS Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)(Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Ten "ant-eggs" were extracted; four of these as well as control tissue were analyzed by mass spectrometry (AB Sciex). Proteins were identified and their approximate abundances were determined. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out on the remaining "ant-eggs" for cytokeratin and S100.
RESULTS
In anterior OCT-images, the "ant-egg" structures are localized on the iris. Comparative pictures showed that they stayed in the same location for more than 45 years. Mass spectrometry of "ant-eggs" yielded a proteome of 56 different proteins. Eighteen of the 56 "ant-egg" proteins (32 %) were neither present in our controls nor in a known fetal lens proteome. Among these were cytokeratin and Matrix-Gla protein. Immunohistochemical reactions were positive for cytokeratin and S100.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates the previously unknown protein composition of the "ant-egg" structures in "ant-egg" cataract. Eighteen of these proteins are not natively found in the human lens. Moreover, "ant-eggs" do not vary over time, after cataract extraction, regarding size and location.
Topics: Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Eye Proteins; Humans; Lens, Crystalline; Mass Spectrometry; Middle Aged; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 27817115
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-016-3539-z -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Sep 2017Cataract is caused by nutritional, metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors, and is a significant cause of blindness and visual impairment. In recent years,... (Review)
Review
Cataract is caused by nutritional, metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors, and is a significant cause of blindness and visual impairment. In recent years, extensive research into the human genome has revealed that numerous genetic mutations are associated with cataract. These mutations affect a variety of genes, including those encoding crystallin, membrane proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, transcription factors, and metabolism-related proteins. Elucidation of these mutations and the genetic and molecular mechanisms has helped clarify the etiology of cataract and may facilitate its early diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes recent advances in our knowledge and potential clinical of genetic markers of cataract.
Topics: Cataract; Genetic Markers; Humans; Mutation; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 28705775
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.07.010 -
Disease-a-month : DM May 2021
Topics: Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Eye; Humans
PubMed: 33485606
DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2021.101134 -
Eye (London, England) Jan 2022To determine the patient-related factors that contribute to intraoperative corticocapsular adhesions (CCA) during phacoemulsification cataract extraction (PCE).
OBJECTIVES
To determine the patient-related factors that contribute to intraoperative corticocapsular adhesions (CCA) during phacoemulsification cataract extraction (PCE).
METHODS
Prospective, single surgeon, multi-year study of consecutive patients undergoing PCE was performed. At the conclusion of each procedure, the surgeon recorded the CCA and perceived surgeon stress score. Patient variables included gender, age, diabetes mellitus, intake of oral alpha blockers, floppy iris, laterality, pseudo-exfoliation, and intraocular lens power.
RESULTS
During the 10-year study, 1097 eyes underwent surgery and CCA was diagnosed intraoperatively in 41 eyes. On multi-variable analysis, the following patient characteristics were associated with intraoperative CCA: diabetes mellitus (p = 0.002), age >80 years (p = 0.002), presence of posterior capsular cataract (p = 0.046), severe nuclear sclerosis (p = 0.004), and absence of pseudo-exfoliation (p = 0.043).
CONCLUSION
Diabetes mellitus, advanced age and posterior subcapsular cataract are associated with CCA necessitating generous repetitive hydrodissection.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Cataract; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Lens Implantation, Intraocular; Phacoemulsification; Prospective Studies; Tissue Adhesions
PubMed: 33674725
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01482-5 -
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and... Jan 2019
Topics: Adolescent; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Male; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 30673102
DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20180828-01 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Dec 2021
Topics: Cataract; Genes, Dominant; Humans
PubMed: 34535309
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.04.013 -
International Journal of Radiation... 2022This review discusses recent developments in our understanding of biological and physiological mechanisms underlying radiation cataractogenesis. The areas discussed... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This review discusses recent developments in our understanding of biological and physiological mechanisms underlying radiation cataractogenesis. The areas discussed include effects of low-dose exposures to the lens including potential relevance of non-targeted effects, the development of new personal-protective equipment (PPE) and standards in clinical and nuclear settings motivated by the updated ICRP recommendations to mitigate exposures to the lens of the eye. The review also looks at evidence from the field linking cataracts in birds and mammals to low dose exposures.
CONCLUSIONS
The review suggests that there is evidence that cataractogenesis is not a tissue reaction (deterministic effect) but rather is a low dose effect which shows a saturable dose response relationship similar to that seen for non-targeted effects in general. The review concludes that new research is needed to determine the dose response relationship in environmental studies where field data are contradictory and lab studies confined to rodent models for human exposure studies.
Topics: Animals; Cataract; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Industrial Development; Lens, Crystalline; Mammals; Radiation Dosage; Radiation, Ionizing
PubMed: 32396040
DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1767820 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Jan 2018Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is an age-related systemic disease that mainly affects the anterior structures of the eye. Despite a worldwide distribution, reported... (Review)
Review
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is an age-related systemic disease that mainly affects the anterior structures of the eye. Despite a worldwide distribution, reported incidence and prevalence of this syndrome vary widely between ethnicities and geographical areas. The exfoliative material is composed mainly of abnormal cross-linked fibrils that accumulate progressively in some organs such as the heart, blood vessels, lungs or meninges, and particularly in the anterior structures of the eye. The exact pathophysiological process still remains unclear but the association of genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in the development and progressive extracellular accumulation of exfoliative material. Hence, LOXL1 gene polymorphisms, responsible for metabolism of some components of elastic fibers and extracellular matrix, and increased natural exposure to ambient ultraviolet or caffeine consumption have been associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Ophthalmological manifestations are commonly bilateral with an asymmetric presentation and can lead to severe visual impairment and blindness more frequently than in the general population, mainly related to glaucoma and cataract. Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma is a major complication of pseudoexfoliation syndrome and represents the main cause of identifiable glaucoma worldwide. Visual field progression is more rapid than that observed in primary open angle glaucoma, and filtering surgery is more frequently required. Nuclear cataract is more frequent and occurs earlier than in the general population. Owing to poorer pupil dilation and increased zonular instability, cataract surgery with pseudoexfoliation is associated with a 5- to 10-fold increase in surgical complications compared to cataract surgery without pseudoexfoliation. Some specific treatments targeting production, formation or accumulation of exfoliative material could improve the prognosis of this syndrome.
Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Environment; Exfoliation Syndrome; Filtering Surgery; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glaucoma; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29329947
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2017.09.003 -
Journal of Perioperative Practice Dec 2022A cataract in the eye is a major cause of vision loss in diabetic patients, which occurs earlier and develops faster than non-diabetic patients, and often requires... (Review)
Review
A cataract in the eye is a major cause of vision loss in diabetic patients, which occurs earlier and develops faster than non-diabetic patients, and often requires surgery for treatment. However, diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery have a higher risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications than non-diabetic patients. For diabetic patients undergoing any surgery, careful perioperative assessment and management are required to reduce postoperative complications and improve surgical outcomes. Better understanding of their needs may guide perioperative practitioners to manage their care appropriately. This article presents recent evidence and guidance associated with the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management of diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery and to inform perioperative practitioners of the challenges and potential complications to provide the best care and improve sight.
Topics: Humans; Cataract Extraction; Cataract; Diabetes Mellitus; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 35445624
DOI: 10.1177/17504589221091063 -
Die Ophthalmologie Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Infant, Newborn; Female
PubMed: 38396077
DOI: 10.1007/s00347-024-02001-z