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Clinics in Chest Medicine Sep 2016Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a rare lung disease on the spectrum of benign pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorders. LIP is frequently associated with... (Review)
Review
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a rare lung disease on the spectrum of benign pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorders. LIP is frequently associated with connective tissue diseases or infections. Idiopathic LIP is rare; every attempt must be made to diagnose underlying conditions when LIP is diagnosed. Computed tomography of the chest in patients with LIP may reveal ground-glass opacities, centrilobular and subpleural nodules, and randomly distributed thin-walled cysts. Demonstrating polyclonality with immunohistochemistry is the key to differentiating LIP from lymphoma. The 5-year mortality remains between 33% and 50% and is likely to vary based on the underlying disease process.
Topics: Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Comorbidity; Connective Tissue Diseases; Dysgammaglobulinemia; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; HIV Infections; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Pseudolymphoma; Sjogren's Syndrome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 27514593
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2016.04.009 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Jan 2020Cutaneous pseudolymphomas (PSLs) belong to a group of lymphocytic infiltrates that histopathologically and/or clinically simulate lymphomas. Different causative agents... (Review)
Review
Cutaneous pseudolymphomas (PSLs) belong to a group of lymphocytic infiltrates that histopathologically and/or clinically simulate lymphomas. Different causative agents (e.g., Borrelia sp., injected substances, tattoo, arthropod bite) have been described, but in many cases no cause can be identified, hence the term idiopathic PSL. Clinicopathological correlation is important to make the diagnosis. Four main groups of cutaneous PSL can be distinguished based on histopathologic and/or clinical presentation: (a) nodular PSL; (b) pseudo-mycosis fungoides (pseudo-MF) and simulators of other CTCLs; (c) other PSL (representing distinct clinical entities); and (d) intravascular PSL. This article gives an overview of the histopathologic and clinical characteristics of cutaneous PSLs and proposes a new classification.
Topics: Borrelia; Borrelia Infections; Humans; Pseudolymphoma; Skin Neoplasms; Tattooing
PubMed: 31237707
DOI: 10.1111/cup.13532 -
Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2018Fever of unknown origin (FUO) can be caused by a wide group of diseases, and can include both benign and serious conditions. Since the first definition of FUO in the... (Review)
Review
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) can be caused by a wide group of diseases, and can include both benign and serious conditions. Since the first definition of FUO in the early 1960's, several updates to the definition, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been proposed. This review outlines a case report of an elderly Italian male patient with high fever and migrating arthralgia who underwent many procedures and treatments before a final diagnosis of Adult-onset Still's disease was achieved. This case report highlights the difficulties in diagnosing certain causes of FUO that requires a very high index of suspicion. The main causes of FUO in paediatric and adult patients will be reviewed here, underlying the fact that a physician should also consider the possibility that a patient with FUO may have a monogenic autoinflammatory disease (AID). The identification of AIDs requires a careful evaluation of both history and clinical details that may reveal important clues to identify the correct aetiology. We also provide a comprehensive account of specific signs and symptoms that could suggest possible diagnoses and guide the work-up of FUO and non-genetic periodic fevers in children.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Arthralgia; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Exanthema; Fever of Unknown Origin; Humans; Male; Pseudolymphoma; Still's Disease, Adult-Onset
PubMed: 29742054
DOI: No ID Found -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas May 2018Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence is increasing worldwide as people on antiretroviral therapy are living longer. These patients are often susceptible to... (Review)
Review
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence is increasing worldwide as people on antiretroviral therapy are living longer. These patients are often susceptible to debilitating inflammatory disorders that are frequently refractory to standard treatment. Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disorder, associated with both physical and psychological burden, and can be the presenting feature of HIV infection. In this population, psoriasis tends to be more severe, to have atypical presentations and higher failure rates with the usual prescribed treatments. Management of moderate and severe HIV-associated psoriasis is challenging. Systemic conventional and biologic agents may be considered, but patients should be carefully followed up for potential adverse events, like opportunist infections, and regular monitoring of CD4 counts and HIV viral loads.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Biological Therapy; Contraindications, Drug; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Management; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Phototherapy; Prevalence; Pseudolymphoma; Psoriasis; Scabies; Syphilis; Syphilis, Cutaneous; Thalidomide; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 29361272
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2017.09.014 -
Surgical Pathology Clinics Jun 2017The term, cutaneous pseudolymphoma (PSL), refers to a group of lymphocyte-rich infiltrates, which either clinically and/or histologically simulate cutaneous lymphomas.... (Review)
Review
The term, cutaneous pseudolymphoma (PSL), refers to a group of lymphocyte-rich infiltrates, which either clinically and/or histologically simulate cutaneous lymphomas. Clinicopathologic correlation is essential to achieve the final diagnosis in cutaneous PSL and to differentiate it from cutaneous lymphomas. A wide range of causative agents (eg, Borrelia, injections, tattoo, and arthropod bite) has been described. Based on clinical and/or histologic presentation, 4 main groups of cutaneous PSL can be distinguished: (1) nodular PSL, (2) pseudo-mycosis fungoides, (3) other PSLs (representing distinct clinical entities), and (4) intravascular PSL. The article gives an overview of the clinical and histologic characteristics of cutaneous PSLs.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Mycosis Fungoides; Pseudolymphoma; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 28477891
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2017.01.002 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International May 2022
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Lyme Disease; Pseudolymphoma
PubMed: 36017988
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0015 -
Dermatology Online Journal May 2020Pseudolymphomatous folliculitis is a benign entity that is included within pseudolymphomas. Because of its rapid clinical growth and suspicious histology it has to be...
Pseudolymphomatous folliculitis is a benign entity that is included within pseudolymphomas. Because of its rapid clinical growth and suspicious histology it has to be differentiated from malignant entities. Given its low frequency, the dermatoscopic characteristics of this entity are not well-characterized and have been described only once previously. We present a middle-aged woman with a facial erythematous plaque of 6 months' evolution, with dermatoscopy in which follicular plugs on an erythematous base were appreciated. The histology showed a dense lymphocytic infiltrate with folliculotropism and follicular alteration, with numerous peripheral histiocytes positive for S100 and CD1a. The lesion partially disappeared after the biopsy, and completely after topical treatment.
Topics: Adult; Dermoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Folliculitis; Humans; Middle Aged; Pseudolymphoma; Skin; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 32621704
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Dermatology Online Journal 2022In dermatology, "pseudo" is often used as a prefix for entities resembling another standard condition, either morphologically or histopathologically. Correspondingly,...
In dermatology, "pseudo" is often used as a prefix for entities resembling another standard condition, either morphologically or histopathologically. Correspondingly, "pseudotumor" is a term encompassing dermatological conditions which are not true proliferations, but either have a clinical resemblance to a known tumor (, Pseudokaposi's sarcoma is actually a non-neoplastic condition) or a histopathological resemblance to one (, pseudo-myogenic hemangioendothelioma named due to a histopathological resemblance between myocytes and tumor cells). Often such a nomenclature can create confusion and unnecessary alarm for both the physicians and the patients. Through this article we attempt to summarise "pseudotumors" in dermatology and classify them into clinical and histopathological "pseudotumors", so as to produce a ready reckoner for this confusing nomenclature.
PubMed: 35287424
DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_226_21 -
Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology Jul 2018Atypical lymphocytic infiltrates of the skin comprise a broad spectrum of entities ranging from benign infiltrates to those that are malignant. Many of these infiltrates... (Review)
Review
Atypical lymphocytic infiltrates of the skin comprise a broad spectrum of entities ranging from benign infiltrates to those that are malignant. Many of these infiltrates are in fact reactive lymphomatoid ones related to drug therapy falling under the general category of drug associated pseudolymphoma. Within this nosologic umbrella are nodular and diffuse infiltrates resembling low grade T and B cell lymphoma consistent with lymphocytoma cutis, drug associated reversible T cell dyscrasias which draw a strong morphologic and phenotypic parallel with mycosis fungoides and the various pre-lymphomatous T cell dyscrasias, and angiocentric CD30 positive infiltrates mirroring lymphomatoid papulosis. The implicated drug classes are quite varied and include antidepressants, antihistamines, calcium channel blockers, statins, anticonvulsants, and various biologic drugs. The drugs from these various drug classes exert certain effects on lymphoid function including evoking overzealous responses to other antigenic stimuli. As the adverse effect on lymphocyte function may be cumulative over years and or reflect the interplay of other drugs, a temporal association may not exist between the onset of the rash/lesion and the initiation of the drug. In certain lymphomatoid reactions however such as DRESS syndrome the drug may function as both an antigen as well as an immune dysregulating agent. It is critical that the pathologist works carefully with the clinician in the evaluation of all atypical cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates where the distinction between pseudolymphoma versus lymphoma cannot be reliably made based on pathologic analysis alone.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Ki-1 Antigen; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Lymphomatoid Papulosis; Mycosis Fungoides; Pseudolymphoma
PubMed: 29361381
DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.11.003 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Oct 2016The term cutaneous pseudolymphoma refers to benign reactive lymphoid proliferations in the skin that simulate cutaneous lymphomas. It is a purely descriptive term that... (Review)
Review
The term cutaneous pseudolymphoma refers to benign reactive lymphoid proliferations in the skin that simulate cutaneous lymphomas. It is a purely descriptive term that encompasses various reactive conditions with a varied etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, histology, and behavior. We present a review of the different types of cutaneous pseudolymphoma. To reach a correct diagnosis, it is necessary to contrast clinical, histologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular findings. Even with these data, in some cases only the clinical course will confirm the diagnosis, making follow-up essential.
Topics: Angiokeratoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Eruptions; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Insect Bites and Stings; Lyme Disease; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Pseudolymphoma; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Syphilis; Tattooing; Vaccination
PubMed: 27289134
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.05.003