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Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Oct 2014Primary cutaneous CD4⁺ small/medium T-cell lymphoma is a provisional and controversial entity with a broad differential diagnosis. Despite being an uncommon lymphoma,... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Primary cutaneous CD4⁺ small/medium T-cell lymphoma is a provisional and controversial entity with a broad differential diagnosis. Despite being an uncommon lymphoma, it is a frequent diagnostic consideration in cutaneous biopsies with a dense lymphoid infiltrate because it shows overlapping features with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma) and a variety of other primary cutaneous and systemic lymphomas. However, proper classification of this process is important for determining patient prognosis and treatment options.
OBJECTIVE
To review the clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features of primary cutaneous CD4⁺ small/medium T-cell lymphoma and contrast those features with entities in the differential diagnosis.
DATA SOURCES
Applicable literature will be reviewed with emphasis on current controversies and distinguishing characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS
Although many consider primary cutaneous CD4⁺ small/medium T-cell lymphoma to be indistinguishable from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia/pseudolymphoma, it can be differentiated from other primary cutaneous and systemic lymphomas. Patients with solitary lesions of primary cutaneous CD4⁺ small/medium T-cell lymphoma generally have an excellent prognosis. Nevertheless, a subset of patients who have been reported to meet criteria for this lymphoma have followed a more-aggressive course; however, those patients show some differing clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic features.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; CD4 Antigens; Diagnosis, Differential; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Mycosis Fungoides; Prognosis; Pseudolymphoma; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 25268194
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0299-CC -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Oct 2014
Topics: Coloring Agents; Humans; Ink; Male; Pseudolymphoma; Skin Diseases; Tattooing
PubMed: 24902919
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-014-0349-8 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology Jul 2014
PubMed: 25071293
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.135562 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Oct 2016Information on the course and outcome of borrelial lymphocytoma (BL) is limited.
BACKGROUND
Information on the course and outcome of borrelial lymphocytoma (BL) is limited.
METHODS
The study comprised 144 adult patients (75 female, 69 male; median age, 49 years) who had BL diagnosed at a single center between 1986 and 2014 and were followed up for 1 year.
RESULTS
BL was located on the breast in 106 patients (73.6%), on the ear lobe in 27 (18.8%), and elsewhere in 11 (7.6%). The median duration of BL before diagnosis was 27 days (interquartile range [IQR], 9-68 days). Concomitant erythema migrans was registered in 104 of 144 patients (72.2%); other objective manifestations of Lyme borreliosis (LB) were present in 11 (7.6%). Immunoglobulin M and/or G borrelial serum antibodies were present in 72 patients (50%). Borreliae were isolated from BL lesions in 14 of 42 patients (33.3%) who had not received antibiotics before skin biopsy. Of 13 typed Borrelia strains, 11 were B. afzelii, 1 was B. garinii, and 1 was B. bissettii The median duration of BL after starting antibiotic treatment was 21 days ([IQR], 10-30 days); the average duration was longer in patients who were older, had longer BL duration before treatment, or had signs of disseminated LB. Treatment failure occurred in 14 of 144 patients (9.7%). Patients with signs or symptoms of disseminated LB before treatment had nearly 4 times higher odds of treatment failure (95% confidence interval, 1.22-13.07) than those without such symptoms. All patients with treatment failure had uneventful outcome after retreatment.
CONCLUSIONS
BL is a rare manifestation of early localized LB. Fourteen-day antibiotic treatment, as used for erythema migrans, is effective.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Borrelia burgdorferi Group; Breast; Ear Auricle; Erythema Chronicum Migrans; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lyme Disease; Male; Middle Aged; Pseudolymphoma; Skin; Young Adult
PubMed: 27334446
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw417 -
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and... 2022An unusual-appearing tumor of the conjunctiva presented in a healthy 11-year-old boy. It was cystic, orange in color, and well encapsulated. After 3 weeks of no response...
An unusual-appearing tumor of the conjunctiva presented in a healthy 11-year-old boy. It was cystic, orange in color, and well encapsulated. After 3 weeks of no response to topical cortisone drops, an excisional biopsy was performed. The histopathology showed the lesion to be a benign lymphoid hyperplasia. .
Topics: Biopsy; Child; Conjunctiva; Humans; Male; Pseudolymphoma
PubMed: 35072557
DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20211101-01 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemotherapy based on local application of a photosensitive compound and subsequent exposure to a light source of adequate... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemotherapy based on local application of a photosensitive compound and subsequent exposure to a light source of adequate wavelength. It is a non-invasive therapeutic procedure widely used in oncodermatology for treatment of numerous skin cancers, but in the last years its use has been gradually extended to an increasing list of skin diseases of both infectious and inflammatory nature. Although PDT is proven as a safe and effective therapeutic option in adults, its use is not well standardized in the pediatric population. In this review, we will focus on clinical applications, mechanisms of action, protocols, and adverse events in children and adolescents. Most of pediatric experiences concerned treatment of skin cancers in Gorlin syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum, acne vulgaris, and viral warts, but other applications emerged, such as cutaneous lymphoma and pseudo-lymphomas, necrobiosis lipoidica, hidradenitis suppurativa, dissecting cellulitis, leishmaniasis, angiofibromas, verrucous epidermal nevus, and linear porokeratosis. In these pediatric diseases, PDT appeared as an effective therapeutic alternative. The results on vitiligo were limited and not fully encouraging. Although highly versatile, PDT is not a therapy for all skin diseases, and a deeper knowledge of its mechanisms of action is required to better define its spectrum of action and safety in pediatric patients.
PubMed: 36052131
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879380 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Jan 2015Benign lesions of the breast in total are much more frequent than malignant ones. However, there are no epidemiologic data on the prevalence of benign or malignant... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Benign lesions of the breast in total are much more frequent than malignant ones. However, there are no epidemiologic data on the prevalence of benign or malignant tumours of the nipple, and the bibliography on benign nipple tumours in general is limited.
AIMS
To present some rare cases of benign nipple tumours and review the literature.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Four cases of rare benign nipple tumours: neurofibromas, wart, leiomyoma and milium are presented. The literature search on benign nipple tumours was performed using MEDLINE, Pubmed, and Cochrane databases with limits: English language, human species and available abstract. The keyword used was 'benign nipple tumours'.
RESULTS
The initial search retrieved 337 articles. The papers were reviewed and the articles that referred to benign lesions that appeared at the nipple specifically were identified. Different entities that were described included: neurofibroma, leiomyoma, milium, florid papillomatosis, syringomatous adenoma, nevoid hyperkeratosis, fibroma, pseudolymphoma and haemangioma.
DISCUSSION
Differential diagnosis of benign tumours of the nipple can be demanding for the physicians. Many of the symptoms and signs like pruritus, serosanguinous discharge, lichenification, erosion and nodular enlargement are produced by either malignant or benign nipple lesions. Radiology can be unclear in the diagnosis of nipple abnormalities.
CONCLUSION
Histological examination of the lesion can be the only definite answer in these cases.
Topics: Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Infant; Leiomyoma; Middle Aged; Miliaria; Neurofibromatosis 1; Nipples; Papilloma; Pseudolymphoma; Rare Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Syringoma; Warts
PubMed: 25124255
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12623 -
Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021The term "pseudomalignancy" covers a large, heterogenous group of diseases characterized by a benign cellular proliferation, hyperplasia, or infiltrate that resembles a... (Review)
Review
The term "pseudomalignancy" covers a large, heterogenous group of diseases characterized by a benign cellular proliferation, hyperplasia, or infiltrate that resembles a true malignancy clinically or histologically. Here, we (i) provide a non-exhaustive review of several inflammatory skin diseases and benign skin proliferations that can mimic a malignant neoplasm in children, (ii) give pathologists some helpful clues to guide their diagnosis, and (iii) highlight pitfalls to be avoided. The observation of clinical-pathological correlations is often important in this situation and can sometimes be the only means (along with careful monitoring of the disease's clinical course) of reaching a firm diagnosis.
PubMed: 34449607
DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology8030042 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... 2017Perianal pseudolymphoma is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that can mimic cutaneous lymphoma. The condition can present acutely with concerns of perianal sepsis. The...
INTRODUCTION
Perianal pseudolymphoma is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that can mimic cutaneous lymphoma. The condition can present acutely with concerns of perianal sepsis. The purpose of this case review is to review the current literature on perianal pseudolymphoma and emphasise to the surgical community its presentation, suggested aetiology and management.
CASE PRESENTATION
In this case report, we detail the case of a 28-year-old female who presented with perianal pseudolymphoma. Malignant lymphoproliferative diseases required exclusion. Conservative management of this rare condition was successful.
DISCUSSION
We highlight the differential diagnoses, investigations and treatment options for a rare condition. A review of the literature on the limited published data on perianal pseudolymphoma is briefly discussed.
CONCLUSION
The aim of this case report is to highlight the existence of such a rare condition that can imitate an acute surgical presentation and its successful conservative management.
PubMed: 28881336
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.08.014 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology May 2021Lichen aureus is a variant of pigmented purpuric dermatoses. The usual histopathology of lichen aureus is characterized by a subepidermal dense, band-like lymphocytic...
Lichen aureus is a variant of pigmented purpuric dermatoses. The usual histopathology of lichen aureus is characterized by a subepidermal dense, band-like lymphocytic infiltrate, extravasated erythrocytes, and hemosiderin deposits. We report three patients with lichen aureus on the extremities with similar clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological findings characterized by a dense band-like relatively deep dermal infiltrate accompanied by extravasation of erythrocytes and hemosiderin deposits occasioning a resemblance to a lymphoproliferative disorder.
Topics: Adult; Dermoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythrocytes; Female; Hemosiderin; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphocytes; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Middle Aged; Pigmentation Disorders; Plasma Cells; Pseudolymphoma; Purpura; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 33368548
DOI: 10.1111/cup.13948