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Current Opinion in Pediatrics Aug 2021The current review will address the different causes of localized hair loss in infancy. The data presented here will provide clinicians with the latest understanding of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The current review will address the different causes of localized hair loss in infancy. The data presented here will provide clinicians with the latest understanding of different disorders leading to localized hair loss and will provide recommendations for further management of infants who present with alopecia.
RECENT FINDINGS
Localized hair loss in infancy is common, but its underlying causes vary greatly. Alopecia in infants can be categorized into congenital, genetic, inflammatory, mechanical, and physiologic causes. Decisions regarding further management are complex, as they often involve not only cosmetic concerns, but also work-up of possible systemic medical issues related to hair loss.
SUMMARY
Clinicians must be able to distinguish between the different causes of infantile hair loss so that appropriate work-up and further management can be pursued. Factors such as physical appearance, timing of presentation, dermoscopic exam, histopathology, and associated systemic features can help lead clinicians to the correct diagnosis in the case of an infant with localized alopecia.
Topics: Alopecia; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 34016809
DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001025 -
Dermatologic Surgery : Official... Nov 2023Many studies have reported the role of hair follicles (HFs) in the wound healing response, and vice versa, the creation of superficial injuries may stimulate hair...
BACKGROUND
Many studies have reported the role of hair follicles (HFs) in the wound healing response, and vice versa, the creation of superficial injuries may stimulate hair growth, which has encouraged new treatments for hair loss.
OBJECTIVE
To review the phenomenon of wound-induced hair growth and the usefulness of therapeutic procedures based on skin wounding in androgenetic alopecia (AGA).
METHODS
A literature search was conducted to review cases of localized hypertrichosis induced by wounds and the role of microneedling, fractional laser, and scalp threading as monotherapy for AGA.
RESULTS
Localized hypertrichosis has been extensively reported after bone fractures, burn injury, chronic venous ulcer, etc. Only 2 cases of wound-induced hair neogenesis in humans have been reported. As monotherapy for AGA, 1 of 3 studies of microneedling, 4 of 6 of fractional lasers, and 2 of 3 studies of scalp threading show good efficacy.
CONCLUSION
Certain types of wounds seem to stimulate localized hair growth in humans, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Reports on wound-induced HF neogenesis in humans are anecdotal and questions remain as to whether this is a true phenomenon in humans. Further clinical studies are needed before recommending wound-induced hair growth procedures as therapies for AGA.
Topics: Humans; Hypertrichosis; Hair; Alopecia; Hair Follicle; Scalp; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 37606639
DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000003901 -
Australian Journal of General Practice Jul 2018Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a commonly encountered clinical presentation in primary care. Patterned hair loss in women is characterised by diffuse hair thinning...
BACKGROUND
Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a commonly encountered clinical presentation in primary care. Patterned hair loss in women is characterised by diffuse hair thinning and often becomes an ongoing cause of psychosocial distress.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article is to present a practical approach for the clinical assessment of female hair loss and to review the up-to-date treatment modalities.
DISCUSSION
Alopecia can be the first symptom of systemic illness. It is therefore crucial for the primary care physician to be able to differentiate between FPHL and more concerning causes of hair loss. Treatment options often involve a combination of non-androgenic and androgenic therapy. The use of oral minoxidil in combination with oral spironolactone is a novel therapy with promising results. The role of the general practitioner is paramount in establishing the diagnosis, setting achievable therapeutic goals and navigating the psychosocial comorbidity associated with this chronic condition.
Topics: 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; Adult; Alopecia; Androgen Receptor Antagonists; Female; Humans; Minoxidil; Risk Factors; Spironolactone; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 30114864
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-02-18-4498 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Mar 2023
Topics: Humans; Alopecia; Cicatrix
PubMed: 36877876
DOI: 10.36849/JDD.6842 -
The Oncologist Jan 2018Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is the most visibly distressing side effect of commonly administered chemotherapeutic agents. Because psychological health has huge... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is the most visibly distressing side effect of commonly administered chemotherapeutic agents. Because psychological health has huge relevance to lifestyle, diet, and self-esteem, it is important for clinicians to fully appreciate the psychological burden that CIA can place on patients. Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we provide a comprehensive review encompassing the molecular characteristics of the human hair follicle (HF), how different anticancer agents damage the HF to cause CIA, and subsequent HF pathophysiology, and we assess known and emerging prevention modalities that have aimed to reduce or prevent CIA. We argue that, at present, scalp cooling is the only safe and U.S. Food and Drug Administration-cleared modality available, and we highlight the extensive available clinical and experimental (biological) evidence for its efficacy. The likelihood of a patient that uses scalp cooling during chemotherapy maintaining enough hair to not require a wig is approximately 50%. This is despite different types of chemotherapy regimens, patient-specific differences, and possible lack of staff experience in effectively delivering scalp cooling. The increased use of scalp cooling and an understanding of how to deliver it most effectively to patients has enormous potential to ease the psychological burden of CIA, until other, more efficacious, equally safe treatments become available.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) represents perhaps the most distressing side effect of chemotherapeutic agents and is of huge concern to the majority of patients. Scalp cooling is currently the only safe option to combat CIA. Clinical and biological evidence suggests improvements can be made, including efficacy in delivering adequately low temperature to the scalp and patient-specific cap design. The increased use of scalp cooling, an understanding of how to deliver it most effectively, and biological evidence-based approaches to improve its efficacy have enormous potential to ease the psychological burden of CIA, as this could lead to improvements in treatment and patient quality-of-life.
Topics: Alopecia; Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 28951499
DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0263 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2022The effects of chemical straighteners on the scalp and hair shaft are not fully known, although such substances are widely used. Hair straightening became popular in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The effects of chemical straighteners on the scalp and hair shaft are not fully known, although such substances are widely used. Hair straightening became popular in Brazil with the use of formaldehyde and its derivatives, despite the prohibition by the current legislation.
OBJECTIVE
To identify changes in hair shaft and scalp caused by the use of chemical straighteners.
METHODS
A search was performed using keywords in three databases from 03/16/2020 to 05/20/2020, with publications between the years 2000 to 2020. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 articles were selected for review.
RESULTS
In some studies, hair relaxers were associated with eczema, desquamation, pain, burns, and inflammation in the scalp. Hair loss, damage to the shaft, alteration in the color of the hairs and in the composition of their amino acids were observed. Findings are variable across the studies.
STUDY LIMITATIONS
The search was restricted to three databases, in two languages, different study designs were accepted.
CONCLUSIONS
Straightening techniques can have side effects, including scalp inflammation, damage to the shaft, and hair loss. Its long-term effects remain unknown and further studies are necessary.
Topics: Alopecia; Brazil; Eczema; Hair; Humans; Scalp
PubMed: 35058079
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.02.010 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Sep 2014
Topics: Alopecia; Azasteroids; Female; Finasteride; Humans; Male
PubMed: 25128114
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.04.077 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Apr 2024Non-scarring alopecia mainly includes androgenetic alopecia (AGA), female pattern hair loss (FPHL), alopecia areata (AA), telogen effluvium (TE), anagen effluvium (AE)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Non-scarring alopecia mainly includes androgenetic alopecia (AGA), female pattern hair loss (FPHL), alopecia areata (AA), telogen effluvium (TE), anagen effluvium (AE) and so on. Many studies had investigated the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and vitamin D deficiency of patients with these diseases, but opinions varied, and no conclusion was reached.
METHODS
Relevant articles were retrieved through PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and other databases. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels and vitamin D deficiency were used as our primary outcome. The odds ratio (OR) and the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval were both examined for vitamin D deficiency and levels.
RESULTS
Our meta-analysis had included a total of 3374 non-scarring alopecia patients and 7296 healthy controls from 23 studies through the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. We found non-scarring alopecia had decreased serum 25(OH)D level (WMD -7.29; 95% CI -9.21, -5.38) and increased vitamin D deficiency incidence (OR 3.11 95% CI 2.29, 4.22), compared with healthy controls. This meta-analysis chose to conduct random-effect model and subgroup analysis, because of the high heterogeneity (serum 25(OH)D level: I 95%, vitamin D deficiency: I = 0%).
CONCLUSION
Patients with non-scarring alopecia (including AA, FPHL, AGA and TE) have insufficient serum level of 25(OH)D and increased incidence of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D supplementation and monitoring for vitamin D deficiency may be helpful in treating non-scarring alopecia.
Topics: Humans; Female; Alopecia; Vitamin D; Alopecia Areata; Vitamin D Deficiency; Calcifediol
PubMed: 38010941
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16093 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Jun 2022Trichoscopy in dermatology has opened up the new concept in overcoming the optical challenge faced clinically. It reveals the diagnostic details to the depth of... (Review)
Review
Trichoscopy in dermatology has opened up the new concept in overcoming the optical challenge faced clinically. It reveals the diagnostic details to the depth of superficial dermis, and thereby increasing the clinician's diagnostic accuracy and the level of confidence. The importance of trichoscopy in cicatricial alopecia is very evident in the current scenario for its precise diagnosis. The clinical picture in delineating lichen planopilaris (LPP) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) from each other and also from other close mimickers such as androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, female patterned hair loss, and other cicatricial alopecia is bewildered due to its varied presentation and co-existence with the above disease. The indecisive comparative findings on histopathology make the situation even more perplexed. In this article, we have reviewed the characteristic trichoscopy patterns that can differentiate LPP and FFA and from their close mimickers.
Topics: Alopecia; Alopecia Areata; Cicatrix; Female; Humans; Lichen Planus
PubMed: 34661965
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14457 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD May 2024Though it is widely acknowledged that cancer treatments cause hair loss on the scalp, there are limited data on how they affect eyebrow and eyelash hairs. Patients with... (Review)
Review
Though it is widely acknowledged that cancer treatments cause hair loss on the scalp, there are limited data on how they affect eyebrow and eyelash hairs. Patients with eyebrow and eyelash loss, or madarosis, seek various treatment options ranging from camouflage techniques with makeup, permanent tattoos, and prescription medications. Though not yet studied in patients with cancer-induced madarosis, techniques such as scalp cooling, cryotherapy, and topical vasoconstrictors are promising preventative options. More robust research is needed to improve both the quality and quantity of available treatment and preventative options. There is a clear need for dermatologists to play a role in supportive oncodermatology for patients who experience eyebrow and eyelash loss secondary to chemotherapy, endocrine therapies, and radiation therapy. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(5):327-331. doi:10.36849/JDD.8003.
Topics: Humans; Eyelashes; Eyebrows; Alopecia; Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents; Cryotherapy
PubMed: 38709698
DOI: 10.36849/JDD.8003