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The World Journal of Biological... 2018Adjustment disorder has been reconceptualized as a trauma- and stressor-related condition, and there is a growing understanding of the psychobiology of stress responses.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Adjustment disorder has been reconceptualized as a trauma- and stressor-related condition, and there is a growing understanding of the psychobiology of stress responses. Against this context it is timely to review of the pharmacotherapy of adjustment disorder.
METHODS
A comprehensive electronic database (Pubmed) was searched for randomised controlled trials of the pharmacotherapy of adjustment disorder. Data from each trial were extracted and collated.
RESULTS
To date there have been relatively few controlled trials in this area. Comparator trials provide limited support for a number of antidepressant agents, and a series of studies indicate that etifoxine is superior to buspirone and benzodiazepines for adjustment disorder with anxiety.
CONCLUSIONS
The work done has been useful insofar as it provides clinicians with some insights into the advantages and disadvantages of a number of pharmacotherapy options. Additional rigorously designed trials are needed to further advance the field.
Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Humans; Psychotropic Drugs
PubMed: 30204560
DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1492736 -
Depression and Anxiety Oct 2016
PubMed: 27699942
DOI: 10.1002/da.22550 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Apr 2021Pathological dissociation is a severe, debilitating and transdiagnostic psychiatric symptom. This review identifies biomarkers of pathological dissociation in a... (Review)
Review
Pathological dissociation is a severe, debilitating and transdiagnostic psychiatric symptom. This review identifies biomarkers of pathological dissociation in a transdiagnostic manner to recommend the most promising research and treatment pathways in support of the precision medicine framework. A total of 205 unique studies that met inclusion criteria were included. Studies were divided into four biomarker categories, namely neuroimaging, psychobiological, psychophysiological and genetic biomarkers. The dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral superior frontal regions, (anterior) cingulate, posterior association areas and basal ganglia are identified as neurofunctional biomarkers of pathological dissociation and decreased hippocampal, basal ganglia and thalamic volumes as neurostructural biomarkers. Increased oxytocin and prolactin and decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are identified as psychobiological markers. Psychophysiological biomarkers, including blood pressure, heart rate and skin conductance, were inconclusive. For the genetic biomarker category studies related to dissociation were limited and no clear directionality of effect was found to warrant identification of a genetic biomarker. Recommendations for future research pathways and possible clinical applicability are provided.
Topics: Biomarkers; Frontal Lobe; Hippocampus; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 33271160
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.019 -
The World Journal of Biological... 2018This paper focuses on the psychobiology of stress, depression, adjustment disorders (ADs), and resilience. Since the ADs fall under the rubric in DSM-5 of Trauma and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This paper focuses on the psychobiology of stress, depression, adjustment disorders (ADs), and resilience. Since the ADs fall under the rubric in DSM-5 of Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders, essentials of the psychobiology of stress-response syndromes will be reviewed.
METHODS
A narrative review of the psychobiology of stress-response syndromes is undertaken, and the implications for our understanding of ADs are discussed.
RESULTS
Advances in our understanding of the psychobiology of stress-response syndromes provide an important foundation for understanding ADs, and for conceptualizing their diagnosis, as well as issues of resilience.
CONCLUSIONS
Future investigations of the psychobiology of trauma- and stressor-related disorders may shed additional light on ADs, and ultimately improve their treatment.
Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Allostasis; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Resilience, Psychological; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 30204561
DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1459049 -
Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria Oct 2020
Topics: Humans; Polysomnography; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Sleep, REM
PubMed: 33146234
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X20200189 -
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 2022
PubMed: 36035021
DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.978386 -
Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences Aug 2019Mitochondrial psychobiology is the study of the interactions between psychological states and the biological processes that take place within mitochondria. It also...
Mitochondrial psychobiology is the study of the interactions between psychological states and the biological processes that take place within mitochondria. It also examines how mitochondrial behavior influence neural, endocrine, and immune systems known to transduce psychological experiences into health outcomes. Unlike traditional biological outcomes and mediators, mitochondria are dynamic and multifunctional living organisms. By leveraging a variety of laboratory tools including omics, scientists can now map mitochondrial behavior at multiple levels of complexity - from isolated molecular markers to dynamic functional and signaling outcomes. Here we discuss current efforts to develop relevant measures of mitochondrial behavior in accessible human tissues, increase their biological specificity by applying precise measurements in defined cell populations, create composite indices reflecting mitochondrial health, and integrate these approaches with psycho-neuro-endocrino-immune outcomes. This systematic inter-disciplinary effort will help move the field of mitochondrial psychobiology towards a predictive science explaining how, and to what extent, mitochondria contribute to the biological embedding of stress and other psychological states.
PubMed: 32637466
DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.04.015 -
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2015Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are characterized by fear or anxiety about social situations, but also by important alterations in self-referential... (Review)
Review
Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are characterized by fear or anxiety about social situations, but also by important alterations in self-referential processing. Given advances in our understanding of the neurocircuitry and neurochemistry of SAD, the question arises of the relationship between this research and an emergent literature on the psychobiology of self and self-consciousness. A number of investigations of SAD have highlighted altered activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC; involved in self-representation), insula (involved in interoceptive processing), and other structures that play a role in bodily self-consciousness, as well as the potential value of interventions such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and self-focused reappraisal in normalizing such changes. Future studies to more closely investigate associations between psychobiological alterations and changes in self-related processing in SAD, may be useful in shedding additional light on both SAD and self-consciousness.
PubMed: 26441590
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00489 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Mar 2022Consciousness directs the actions of the agent for its own purposive gains. It re-organises a stimulus-response linear causality to deliver generative, creative agent...
Consciousness directs the actions of the agent for its own purposive gains. It re-organises a stimulus-response linear causality to deliver generative, creative agent action that evaluates the subsequent experience prospectively. This inversion of causality affords special properties of control that are not accounted for in integrated information theory (IIT), which is predicated on a linear, deterministic cause-effect model. IIT remains an incomplete, abstract, and disembodied theory without explanation of the psychobiology of consciousness that serves the vital agency the organism.
Topics: Consciousness; Humans; Information Theory; Neurosciences
PubMed: 35319424
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X2100203X -
Current Psychiatry Reports Mar 2018This review focuses on the relationship between resilience and the ability to effectively modulate the stress response. Neurobiological and behavioral responses to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review focuses on the relationship between resilience and the ability to effectively modulate the stress response. Neurobiological and behavioral responses to stress are highly variable. Exposure to a similar stressor can lead to heterogeneous outcomes-manifesting psychopathology in one individual, but having minimal effect, or even enhancing resilience, in another. We highlight aspects of stress response modulation related to early life development and epigenetics, selected neurobiological and neurochemical systems, and a number of emotional, cognitive, psychosocial, and behavioral factors important in resilience. We also briefly discuss interventions with potential to build and promote resilience.
RECENT FINDINGS
Throughout this review, we include evidence from recent preclinical and clinical studies relevant to the psychobiology of resilient stress response modulation. Effective modulation of the stress response is an essential component of resilience and is dependent on a complex interplay of neurobiological and behavioral factors.
Topics: Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Neurobiology; Resilience, Psychological; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Stress, Psychological; Sympathetic Nervous System
PubMed: 29594808
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0887-x