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Annals of Clinical Psychiatry :... May 2019Excoriation disorder (ED) is characterized by recurring excoriation of the skin resulting in tissue damage, usually associated with emotional deregulation. Psychotherapy...
BACKGROUND
Excoriation disorder (ED) is characterized by recurring excoriation of the skin resulting in tissue damage, usually associated with emotional deregulation. Psychotherapy is a valuable treatment; however, no studies emphasize the patients' interactional aspect, nor the potential benefit of group treatment.
METHODS
We recruited a convenience sample of 38 individuals with ED according to DSM-5 criteria, in which 19 individuals proceeded to treatment, 10 with psychodrama group therapy (PGT), and 9 with support group therapy (SGT) in an open pilot study.
RESULTS
The entire sample presented improvement of skin excoriation on both self-report and clinician rating and improvement of social adjustment; however, there was no difference between groups (ie, time × group interaction). Also, there was no relevant change for anxiety, depression, or emotional regulation throughout treatment. Emotional deregulation was associated with excoriation severity as well as depression, anxiety, and social maladjustment, both at the beginning and end of treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Although both groups showed improvement of skin picking, the results contradict our primary hypothesis that PGT would have a superior efficacy to SGT for patients with ED. The findings encourage future studies of group interventions for ED in larger samples with a focus on emotional regulation enhancement.
Topics: Adult; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Psychodrama; Psychotherapy, Group; Self-Injurious Behavior; Social Support
PubMed: 31046029
DOI: No ID Found -
Nurse Education Today Aug 2019Considering the key role of health volunteers in promoting community's health, their effective training is of particular importance. Training can be more effective...
BACKGROUND
Considering the key role of health volunteers in promoting community's health, their effective training is of particular importance. Training can be more effective through cooperative and learner-centered methods. Role-play is among the cooperative methods with numerous advantages. Considering the positive impact of training via various methods, we aimed to compare training through role-play and lecture on health volunteers' health knowledge in selected comprehensive health centers of Shiraz, Iran.
METHODS
This quasi-experimental study was conducted on all health volunteers in four comprehensive health centers selected via random cluster sampling during the second half of 2017. The participants were divided into intervention and control groups and took part in the pretest based on the book entitled "Promotion of Breastfeeding". Based on the pretest results, health volunteers trained the participants in three educational sessions. The two groups were evaluated again immediately and two months after the intervention.
RESULTS
The mean age of the participants was 49.97 ± 8.1 and 46.52 ± 10.74 years in intervention and control groups, respectively. Most participants were married (94.8%) and had diplomas (92.1%).A significant difference was seen between both groups in knowledge scores at the three time points (P < 0.001). A significant difference was found between the two groups regarding knowledge scores immediately and two months after the intervention (P < 0.001), indicating the effectiveness of training through role-play.
CONCLUSION
The advantages of role-play, including development of communication skills and active listening, resulted in the learners' enthusiasm and motivation. This method was accompanied with higher educational output as well as longer knowledge persistence. Role-play increased cooperation and group discussions performed after the role-play promoted the transfer emotional experiences.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Community Health Workers; Female; Health Education; Humans; Iran; Learning; Middle Aged; Role Playing; Surveys and Questionnaires; Volunteers
PubMed: 31136868
DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.05.028 -
Behaviour Research and Therapy Jul 2020A major challenge in scaling-up psychological interventions worldwide is how to evaluate competency among new workforces engaged in psychological services. One approach... (Review)
Review
A major challenge in scaling-up psychological interventions worldwide is how to evaluate competency among new workforces engaged in psychological services. One approach to measuring competency is through standardized role plays. Role plays have the benefits of standardization and reliance on observed behavior rather than written knowledge. However, role plays are also resource intensive and dependent upon inter-rater reliability. We undertook a two-part scoping review to describe how competency is conceptualized in studies evaluating the relationship of competency with client outcomes. We focused on use of role plays including achieving inter-rater reliability and the association with client outcomes. First, we identified 4 reviews encompassing 61 studies evaluating the association of competency with client outcomes. Second, we identified 39 competency evaluation tools, of which 21 were used in comparisons with client outcomes. Inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) was reported for 15 tools and ranged from 0.53 to 0.96 (mean ICC = 0.77). However, we found that none of the outcome comparison studies measured competency with standardized role plays. Instead, studies typically used therapy quality (i.e., session ratings with actual clients) as a proxy for competency. This reveals a gap in the evidence base for competency and its role in predicting client outcomes. We therefore propose a competency research agenda to develop an evidence-base for objective, standardized role plays to measure competency and its association with client outcomes. OPEN SCIENCE REGISTRATION #: https://osf.io/nqhu7/.
Topics: Allied Health Personnel; Clinical Competence; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Educational Measurement; Humans; Mental Disorders; Motivational Interviewing; Patient Simulation; Problem Solving; Psychosocial Intervention; Psychotherapists; Quality of Health Care; Role Playing; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31902517
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.103531 -
Clinical Psychology in Europe Dec 2021[This corrects the article e2693 in vol. 2.][This corrects the article e2693 in vol. 2.].
Correction of Abeditehrani, H., Dijk, C., Sahragard Toghchi, M., & Arntz, A. (2020). Integrating Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy and Psychodrama for Social Anxiety Disorder: An Intervention Description and an Uncontrolled Pilot Trial.
[This corrects the article e2693 in vol. 2.][This corrects the article e2693 in vol. 2.].
PubMed: 36398288
DOI: 10.32872/cpe.7727 -
The Psychiatric Quarterly Dec 2015The literature has seen a surge in research on the mental health impacts of technologies such as Facebook, Twitter and other social media, but little is known regarding...
The literature has seen a surge in research on the mental health impacts of technologies such as Facebook, Twitter and other social media, but little is known regarding how mental health workers perceive patients and clients who report use of such technologies. The present study examines how psychiatrists perceive social media and whether they make use of it. Psychiatrists (N = 48) at a tertiary care centre in Canada completed a questionnaire assessing history of using social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook and Google Plus and status update sites (SUSs) such as Twitter and Livejournal and whether they associate them with psychopathology. 38.5 % have used SNSs and 9.8 % have used SUSs. Only 37 % believed there was an association between psychopathology and SNSs while 33 % believed there was an association between psychopathology and SUSs. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Attitude of Health Personnel; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Psychiatry; Role Playing; Social Media; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 25791472
DOI: 10.1007/s11126-015-9358-2 -
Journal of Dental Education Sep 2017Dental students should develop an understanding of the barriers to and frustrations with accessing dental care and maintaining optimal oral health experienced by persons...
Dental students should develop an understanding of the barriers to and frustrations with accessing dental care and maintaining optimal oral health experienced by persons with limited resources rather than blaming the patient or caregiver. Developing this understanding may be aided by helping students learn about the lives of underserved and vulnerable patients they will encounter not only in extramural rotations, but throughout their careers. The aim of this study was to determine if dental students' understanding of daily challenges faced by families with low income changed as a result of a poverty simulation. In 2015 and 2016, an experiential poverty simulation was used to prepare third-year dental students at one U.S. dental school for their upcoming required community-based rotations. In 2015, United Way staff conducted the simulation using the Missouri Community Action Poverty Simulation (CAPS); in 2016, faculty members trained in CAPS conducted the simulation using a modified version of the tool. In the simulation, students were assigned to family units experiencing various types of hardship and were given specific identities for role-playing. A retrospective pretest and a posttest were used to assess change in levels of student understanding after the simulation. Students assessed their level of understanding in five domains: financial pressures, difficult choices, difficulties in improving one's situation, emotional stressors, and impact of community resources for those living in poverty. The survey response rates in 2015 and 2016 were 86% and 74%, respectively. For each of the five domains, students' understanding increased from 58% to 74% per domain. The majority reported that the exercise was very valuable or somewhat valuable (74% in 2015, 88% in 2016). This study found that a poverty simulation was effective in raising dental students' understanding of the challenges faced by low-income families. It also discovered that framing the issues in the context of accessing dental care was important.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Education, Dental; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Poverty; Retrospective Studies; Role Playing; Self Report; Students, Dental; United States
PubMed: 28864786
DOI: 10.21815/JDE.017.061 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2021In the midst of a global pandemic, psychology has a duty to identify dispositional or character traits that can be cultivated in citizens in order to create resiliency...
In the midst of a global pandemic, psychology has a duty to identify dispositional or character traits that can be cultivated in citizens in order to create resiliency in the face of profound losses, suffering and distress. Dispositional joy holds some promise as such a trait that could be especially important for well-being during the current pandemic and its consequences. The concept of the Joyful Life may operate as bridge between positive psychology and humanistic, existential, and spiritual views of the good life, by integrating hedonic, prudential, eudaimonic and chaironic visions of the good life. Previous phenomenological research on state joy suggests that momentary states of joy may have features that overlap with happiness but go beyond mere hedonic interests, and point to the experience of a life oriented toward virtue and a sense of the transcendent or the sacred. However, qualitative research on the Joyful Life, or dispositional joy, is sorely lacking. This study utilized a dialogical phenomenological analysis to conduct a group-based analysis of 17 volunteer students, who produced 51 autobiographical narrative descriptions of the joyful life. The dialogical analyses were assisted by integration of the Imagery in Movement Method, which incorporated expressive drawing and psychodrama as an aid to explicate implicit themes in the experiences of the participants. The analyses yielded ten invariant themes found across the autobiographical narrative descriptions: Being broken, being grounded, being centered, breaking open, being uplifted, being supertemporal, being open to the mystery, being grateful, opening up and out, and being together. The descriptions of a Joyful Life were consistent with a meaning orientation to happiness, due to their emphasis on the cultivation of virtue in the service of a higher calling, the realization of which was felt to be a gift or blessing. The discussion examines implications for future research, including the current relevance of a joyful disposition during a global pandemic. Due to the joyful disposition's tendency to transform suffering and tragedy into meaning, and its theme of an orientation to prosocial motivations, the Joyful Life may occupy a central place in the study of resiliency and personal growth in response to personal and collective trauma such as COVID-19.
PubMed: 34366969
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648600 -
Perspectives in Psychiatric Care Oct 2022This study aims to investigate the effects of psychodrama group practices on nursing students' levels of self-liking, self-competence, and self-acceptance.
PURPOSE
This study aims to investigate the effects of psychodrama group practices on nursing students' levels of self-liking, self-competence, and self-acceptance.
DESIGN AND METHOD
This study was a non-randomized quasi-experimental study with a control group including pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test procedures. The study was carried out with 29 participants, including 15 experimental and 14 control group participants. The study data were collected using the sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, the Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale, and the Unconditional Self-Acceptance Scale.
FINDING
It was found that the self-liking sub-dimension, self-liking/self-competence, and unconditional self-acceptance total scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group in the post-test measurements.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Psychodrama group practices have significant positive effects on students' self-liking, self-competence, and self-acceptance among nursing students.
Topics: Humans; Students, Nursing; Clinical Competence; Surveys and Questionnaires; Psychodrama; Group Practice; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate
PubMed: 34312895
DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12921 -
The Psychoanalytic Quarterly Oct 2017In this paper, the authors analyze the relevance and transformative potential of individual psychoanalytic psychodrama in the treatment of children with severe...
In this paper, the authors analyze the relevance and transformative potential of individual psychoanalytic psychodrama in the treatment of children with severe impairments in symbolization. Central features of this modality, including promoting the representation of early traumatic experiences, are presented and discussed. Specific features include double-envelope containment of the co-therapists' group and play leader, consequent diffraction of the transference-determining portrayal, gradual integration, and initial figuration of coexisting split-off fragments. Drawing on in-depth clinical material, the authors show how psychodrama tempers the potentially traumatic effects of the encounter with the object, allowing these patients to access the transitional area of play.
Topics: Child; Humans; Psychoanalytic Theory; Psychoanalytic Therapy; Psychodrama; Symbolism; Transference, Psychology
PubMed: 29235684
DOI: 10.1002/psaq.12174 -
Orvosi Hetilap Mar 2015This paper is a summary report on the basic questions of the biopsychosocial approach to Parkinson's disease. It deals with cognitive, affective and psychological health... (Review)
Review
This paper is a summary report on the basic questions of the biopsychosocial approach to Parkinson's disease. It deals with cognitive, affective and psychological health issues which significantly influence the outcome of the physical rehabilitation. In spite of the unchanged cognitive status, the psychological burden of the changes in the quality of life, the obstruction, the change in the affective tone, and the shrinking ability to fulfil social roles decrease the patient's quality of life. An interdisciplinary approach is best suited for mitigating these effects. Not only the patient but also his/her family and environment is seriously affected by the disease and its consequences. Treatment and rehabilitation options for increasing or maintaining the quality of life of the affected patients are diverse, and significantly depend on the features of the health care system. The authors believe that the following review emphasizing health psychological principles may contribute to the work of professionals working in clinical and rehabilitational fields and through them may increase the quality of life of patients and their family.
Topics: Antiparkinson Agents; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Family; Humans; Music Therapy; Parkinson Disease; Patient Education as Topic; Psychodrama; Psychotherapy; Quality of Life; Social Support; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 25778854
DOI: 10.1556/OH.2015.30109