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Minerva Pediatrics Feb 2021Sleep disorders are common in young children. Our objective was to describe a psychodrama using puppets and to assess the interest of this approach for the treatment of... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Sleep disorders are common in young children. Our objective was to describe a psychodrama using puppets and to assess the interest of this approach for the treatment of sleep disorders in ambulatory pediatric patients.
METHODS
This retrospective, observational, monocenter study was carried between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2015. Children aged 12 months to 6 years with a sleep disorder confirmed according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-2 were recruited. The parents were questioned separately about their child's sleep rhythm and the family's quality of life (QoL). The child sitting on their parent's knee and, using puppets to represent the family members, the pediatrician reproduced the scenario that took place at home and demonstrated what should be changed. The parents were contacted by telephone 1-2 weeks after the therapy to determine whether the child's sleep patterns had improved. The primary endpoint was resolution of the sleep disorder.
RESULTS
Thirty-eight children (mean age 27.2±14.0 months; mean duration of sleep disorder 12.7±9.5 months) were assessed. The most common sleep disorders were difficulties in falling asleep at evening bed-time (76.3%) and night-time wakening (76.3%). The main triggering factors were the birth of a sibling (30.8%) or an illness (30.8%). In the majority (52.2%) of families who were convinced that the psychodrama would work, an immediate and complete resolution of the sleep disorder was obtained within three days of the consultation. QoL improved in the majority of families after the consultation (QoL was average in 68.4% of families before the consultation vs. good in 84.2% after the consultation). Psychodrama was effective at bringing about an immediate and complete resolution of sleep disorders in children. This confirms the findings of other reports that show that behavioral therapy is effective in this context.
CONCLUSIONS
This method could be adapted effectively by individual practitioners, enabling children to establish a good sleep pattern without the use of medications. A further large-scale, randomized, controlled trial is required to confirm these results.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Primary Health Care; Psychodrama; Retrospective Studies; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 28752988
DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.17.05006-X -
Frontiers in Psychology 2019The embodied approach to cognition consists in a range of theoretical proposals sharing the idea that our concepts are constitutively shaped by the physical and social...
The embodied approach to cognition consists in a range of theoretical proposals sharing the idea that our concepts are constitutively shaped by the physical and social constraints of our body and environment. Still far from a mutually enriching interplay, in recent years embodied and psychoanalytic approaches are converging on similar constructs as the ones of intersubjectivity, bodily self, and affective quality of verbal communication. Some efforts to cope with the subject were already present in classical cognitivism: having expunged desires and conflicts from the , bodily emotions re-emerged but only as a noisy dynamic friction. In contrast, the new, neural, embodied cognitive science with its focus on bodily effects/affects has enabled a dialogue between neuro-cognitive perspectives and clinic-psychological ones, through shared conceptual frameworks. I will address crucial issues that should be faced on this reconciling path. With reference to two kinds of contemporary addictions - internet addiction disorder and eating disorders - I will introduce a possible therapeutic approach that is built upon the core role of the acting-sentient bodily self in a dynamic-social and affective environment. In Psychoanalytic Psychodrama, the spontaneous re-enactment of a past (socially and physically constrained) experience is actualized by means of the other, the Auxiliary Ego. This allows homeostatic and social-emotional affects, i.e., drives and instincts, to be re-experienced by the agent, the Protagonist, in a safe scenario. The director-psychoanalyst smoothly traces back this simulation to the motivated, and constrained, early proximal embodied interactions with significant others, and to the related instinctual conflicting aims. The psychoanalytic reframing of classical psychodrama does not merely exploit its original cathartic function, rather stands out for exploring the interpersonal constitution of the self, through an actual "re-somatization" of psychoanalytic therapy. Unspoken/unspeakable feelings pop up on stage: the strength of this treatment mainly rests on re-establishing the priority of the over the . By pointing out the possible conflicts between these two selves, this method can broaden the embodied cognition perspective. The psychodramatic approach will be briefly discussed in light of connectionist models, to finally address linguistic and methodological pivotal issues.
PubMed: 31024371
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00492 -
Medical Education Nov 2018
Topics: Adult; Drama; Education, Medical; Female; Ill-Housed Persons; Humans; Male; Ontario; Patient Advocacy; Role Playing; Students, Medical; Young Adult
PubMed: 30255613
DOI: 10.1111/medu.13703 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jan 2016This study examined the levels of empathy and absorption of individuals who regularly play fantasy and science fiction role-playing games. A hypothesis was developed...
This study examined the levels of empathy and absorption of individuals who regularly play fantasy and science fiction role-playing games. A hypothesis was developed that higher levels of empathy would be found in individuals who fantasy role-play based upon previous research in hypnosis such as J. R. Hilgard's (1970) imaginative involvement hypothesis, research into the "fantasy prone" personality type (Wilson & Barber, 1981), and the empathic involvement hypothesis (Wickramasekera II & Szlyk, 2003). The participants in the current study were 127 fantasy role-players who volunteered and completed the Davis Interpersonal Reactivity Index (empathy) and the Tellegen Absorption Scale (absorption). The results demonstrated that those who play fantasy role-playing games scored significantly higher than the comparison group on the IRI scale of empathy, confirming the hypothesis that fantasy role-players report experiencing higher levels of empathic involvement with others. Correlational analysis between the measures demonstrated a significant positive correlation between empathy and absorption (r = .43, p < .001). These results collectively suggest that fantasy role-players have a uniquely empathically-imaginative style. The results also confirm and extend previous findings on the relationship between empathy and absorption as predicted by the Empathic Involvement Hypothesis (Wickramasekera II & Szlyk, 2003).
Topics: Adult; Empathy; Fantasy; Female; Humans; Hypnosis; Male; Role Playing
PubMed: 26675155
DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2015.1103696 -
Clinical Psychology in Europe Mar 2020Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is generally considered to be the most effective psychological treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD). Nevertheless, many...
BACKGROUND
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is generally considered to be the most effective psychological treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD). Nevertheless, many patients with SAD are still symptomatic after treatment. The present pilot study aimed to examine integrating CBT, with a focus on cognitive and behavioral techniques, and psychodrama, which focuses more on experiential techniques into a combined treatment (CBPT) for social anxious patients in a group format. This new intervention for SAD is described session-by-session.
METHOD
Five adult female patients diagnosed with social anxiety disorder participated in a twelve-session CBPT in a group format. Pretest and posttest scores of social anxiety, avoidance, spontaneity, cost and probability estimates of negative social events, depression, and quality of life were compared, as were weekly assessments of fear of negative evaluation.
RESULTS
Results demonstrated a significant reduction of the fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety symptoms. It is noteworthy that also the scores of the probability and cost estimates decreased. However, there were no significant differences between pre and post measures in any of other measures.
CONCLUSION
The current study suggests that group CBPT might be an effective treatment for SAD. However, our sample size was small and this was an uncontrolled study. Therefore, it is necessary to test this intervention in a randomized controlled trial with follow-up assessments.
PubMed: 36397983
DOI: 10.32872/cpe.v2i1.2693 -
Evolutionary Psychology : An... 2022Sex differences in the use of competitive tactics have been well established. Although many factors may contribute to these sex differences, according to social role...
Sex differences in the use of competitive tactics have been well established. Although many factors may contribute to these sex differences, according to social role theory (SRT), stereotypes and expectations about men's and women's typical social roles are crucial. We addressed the potential impact of social roles by studying massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), a setting where individuals represent themselves with avatars and thus enjoy the opportunity to compete without regard to the typical expectations and behaviors associated with men's and women's roles. We surveyed players via MTurk (63 women, 191 men) and Reddit (166 women, 1,326 men) regarding their frequency of engaging in five competitive behaviors and the sex and role of their primary avatar. As expected, there were reliable sex differences in competitiveness: men were more likely than women to engage in player-versus-player duels (MTurk = 0.19; Reddit = 0.51), do solo runs of difficult content (0.30, 0.35), and work to acquire expensive items (0.32, 0.19); women were more likely than men to seek in-game awards (-0.38, -0.36) and spend real-world money on expensive microtransactions (-0.16, -0.27). Contrary to SRT, these sex differences in forms of competitive behavior were generally unrelated to players' chosen avatar sex or avatar role. These results instead indicate that sex differences in competitiveness largely reflect evolved predispositions.
Topics: Female; Humans; Internet; Male; Role Playing; Sex Characteristics; Surveys and Questionnaires; Video Games
PubMed: 35733406
DOI: 10.1177/14747049221109388 -
International Journal of Community... Jan 2023
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Parturition; Delivery, Obstetric; Fear; Psychodrama
PubMed: 36650849
DOI: 10.30476/IJCBNM.2022.97541.2190 -
Nurse Education in Practice May 2020This article recounts a teaching method employed in a mental health module delivered in Ireland to international nursing students. In it the authors propose that there... (Review)
Review
This article recounts a teaching method employed in a mental health module delivered in Ireland to international nursing students. In it the authors propose that there is a place for innovative teaching methods which combine active learning, dialogue, hard-fun and metacognition to stimulate student engagement and rich learning. We discuss an innovation 'Movie-shoot' which incorporated role-play with an analytical commentary by a Greek Chorus of nursing students. We argue this flexible teaching method enhanced active and rich learning, critical reflection and engagement and may be appropriate for use in nursing education.
Topics: Creativity; Curriculum; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; Humans; Ireland; Nursing Education Research; Problem-Based Learning; Psychiatric Nursing; Role Playing; Students, Nursing; Universities; Videotape Recording
PubMed: 32485537
DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102798 -
New Solutions : a Journal of... Aug 2022Researchers, corporate decision-makers, government agencies, and international bodies want to know how to improve safety and limit the serious social and economic...
Researchers, corporate decision-makers, government agencies, and international bodies want to know how to improve safety and limit the serious social and economic consequences of occupational injuries. Understanding how to deliver effective training is important to achieving this aim. Gamification is considered a new frontier in effective safety training. This study tested the use of gamification in safety training, considering two Italian companies that used a live-action role-play methodology called "PratiCARE la Sicurezza." Workers who were required by Italian law to receive safety training or retraining participated in a pre-post study. Collection of measures relating to knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and perception of the health and safety climate took place at baseline and immediately after the intervention. Participants' average safety knowledge at the end of the training was significantly better than the initial level, indicating that the training improved workers' knowledge level.
Topics: Humans; Italy; Occupational Health; Occupational Injuries; Role Playing
PubMed: 35686304
DOI: 10.1177/10482911221105785 -
Journal of Professional Nursing :... 2022Promoting ethical and professional principles through education is the major way to build and maintain people's trust in the nursing. However, despite remarkable efforts...
BACKGROUND
Promoting ethical and professional principles through education is the major way to build and maintain people's trust in the nursing. However, despite remarkable efforts in this area, sensitivity to these principles and their application in clinical practice remain low.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to compare the effect of educating codes of nursing ethics through methods of role-playing and lecture on the Ethical Sensitivity and Ethical Performance of nursing students.
METHODS
A single-blinded quasi-experimental study conducted on 114 nursing students of Urmia University of medical sciences, which recruited using convenience sampling and assigned to two groups of intervention (role-paly and lecture) and one group of control, so that the sixth-, seventh- and eighth-semester nursing students were allocated to the control, role-play and lecture groups, respectively. Data were collected using the Nurses' Ethical Performance Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Lutzen's Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ) at three time-points of before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention. The same educational content was provided for both intervention groups, so that the role-play group received the intervention over an eight-day period and the lecture group received it in five sessions.
RESULTS
The results showed there was a significant difference in the mean scores of ethical sensitivity and ethical performance between the three groups immediately (p < .001) and two months after the intervention (p < .001), so the mean scores were significantly higher in the role-play and lecture groups compared to the control group after the intervention (p < .001). In addition, after the intervention, the mean scores of ethical sensitivity and ethical performance in the role-play group were higher than the lecture group (p < .001).
CONCLUSION
Educating codes of ethics by role-playing method had a greater positive effect on the promotion of the ethical sensitivity and ethical performance compared to the lecture.
Topics: Codes of Ethics; Ethics, Nursing; Humans; Morals; Role Playing; Students, Nursing
PubMed: 35568451
DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2021.11.002