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Psychology & Health Mar 2017A congenital craniofacial anomaly (CFA) is expected to impact upon several domains of psychological, emotional and social functioning, yet no recent reviews have... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
A congenital craniofacial anomaly (CFA) is expected to impact upon several domains of psychological, emotional and social functioning, yet no recent reviews have comprehensively summarised the available literature. Further, existing reviews tend to draw upon literature in the field of cleft lip and palate, and do not give substantive attention to other types of CFAs.
DESIGN
A review of 41 papers published between January 2000 and March 2016 pertaining to psychological adjustment to CFAs.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Findings are presented according to key psychological domains: General Psychological Well-being, Quality of Life, Behaviour, Emotional Well-being, Social Experiences, Appearance, and Treatment-Related Experiences.
RESULTS
Current literature offers a contradictory picture of adjustment to CFAs. Psychological adjustment appeared to be comparable to norms and reference groups in approximately half of the papers related to non-syndromic CFAs, while more variation was found across domains among samples with syndromic CFAs. Associations were found between adjustment, physical health and cognitive function in several papers. The review identified a number of gaps in the literature, such as the inclusion of a wide range of diagnoses within research samples.
CONCLUSIONS
This review demonstrates the complexity of findings, both within and across domains, and highlights a number of methodological challenges.
Topics: Craniofacial Abnormalities; Emotional Adjustment; Humans
PubMed: 27925479
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1247838 -
Journal of Religion and Health Aug 2019An outgrowth of research has established an association between attachment to God dimensions and psychosocial indices. There has been a dearth of studies, however,...
An outgrowth of research has established an association between attachment to God dimensions and psychosocial indices. There has been a dearth of studies, however, examining variables that mediate these relationships. This study examined three categories of coping strategies (emotion-focused, problem-focused, and dysfunctional) as mediators in the relationship between attachment to God dimensions and psychological adjustment. This study employed a cross-sectional design to examine the association among attachment to God dimensions, coping strategies, and psychological adjustment among 315 undergraduate students at a midsize southeastern university. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Attachment to God Inventory, the Brief COPE, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Structural equation modeling was used to examine direct and indirect effects. Analyses revealed an indirect influence of secure God attachment on positive affect via emotion-focused coping, as well as an indirect influence of secure God attachment on all three mental health indices-positive and negative affect and depression-via dysfunctional coping. Analyses also revealed an indirect influence of avoidant God attachment on depression and both positive and negative affect via dysfunctional coping, as well as an indirect influence of ambivalent God attachment on depression and both positive and negative affect via dysfunctional coping. Although causality cannot be established, results suggest that attachment to God dimensions are associated with psychological adjustment through the use of specific coping strategies. Future research should employ longitudinal designs in order to identify temporal influences among attachment to God dimensions, coping styles, and psychological indices.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Emotional Adjustment; Emotions; Female; Humans; Male; Object Attachment; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 30701425
DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00765-2 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022This study examines associations between parents' rejection and control, adolescents' self-efficacy in their regulation of negative emotions, and maladjustment. Path...
This study examines associations between parents' rejection and control, adolescents' self-efficacy in their regulation of negative emotions, and maladjustment. Path analyses were employed to test (a) whether adolescents' dysregulation and self-efficacy regarding anger/sadness regulation mediate the relationship between parental rejection/control and adolescent maladjustment; (b) whether adolescent adjustment mediates the association between parental rejection/control and dysregulation and self-efficacy regarding anger/sadness regulation. Participants included 103 Italian adolescents (Time 1: M age = 15.57; 53% male), their mothers ( = 103), and their fathers ( = 79). Follow up data were assessed one year later (Time 2). At Time 1, adolescent reports of the frequency of mothers' and fathers' rejection and control were examined. At Time 2, adolescent-reports of their beliefs about self-efficacy in regulating anger and sadness, as well as anger and sadness dysregulation, were assessed by two methods: questionnaire and mobile ecological momentary assessment. At Time 2, mothers', fathers', and adolescents' reports of adolescents' aggressive behaviors and depressive problems were also assessed. Maternal rejection was associated with higher one year later aggressive problems, which in turn were associated with higher dysregulation of sadness, and lower self-efficacy in dealing with both anger and sadness. In addition, maternal rejection was associated with higher depressive symptoms one year later, which in turn were associated with lower self-efficacy in dealing with sadness and higher dysregulation of both anger and sadness. Finally, maternal control was associated with higher depressive symptoms, whereas paternal control was associated with lower depressive symptoms.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Emotional Adjustment; Emotional Regulation; Female; Humans; Male; Mothers; Parenting; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 35206436
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042251 -
The Clinical Teacher Aug 2019Well-being and uncertainty are intimately related, although less easily defined from a health care perspective. Uncertainty is intrinsic to both the science and practice... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Well-being and uncertainty are intimately related, although less easily defined from a health care perspective. Uncertainty is intrinsic to both the science and practice of health care, and dealing with uncertainty can bring feelings of stress, avoidance and resistance, all of which are detrimental to an individual's well-being.
CONTEXT
Contrary to the majority of the literature, which suggests promoting resilience as a way to improve health care professionals' well-being, our paper argues that a better understanding of the relationship between well-being and uncertainty can support health care professionals in managing the complexity of everyday clinical interactions.
INNOVATION
Various strategies and educational exercises around being comfortable in not knowing, preserving uncertainty through effective communication and the use of reflective silence are discussed to support clinical educators in recognising the impact of uncertainty on individual well-being. The relationship between uncertainty and well-being is poorly understood and vaguely defined … IMPLICATIONS: Our paper calls for a broader understanding of the term well-being, recognising the interplay between individual and environmental factors that contribute to maintaining our well-being. The recommended strategies and exercises can be considered in faculty member development sessions and used to promote the incorporation of curriculum initiatives in this area.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Curriculum; Delivery of Health Care; Education, Medical; Emotional Adjustment; Health Personnel; Humans; Uncertainty
PubMed: 31295790
DOI: 10.1111/tct.13051 -
Public Health Dec 2022Most research on the association between parental or family socio-economic status and psychological adjustment in children has been performed mainly in Western...
OBJECTIVES
Most research on the association between parental or family socio-economic status and psychological adjustment in children has been performed mainly in Western countries, while there is limited evidence of such research in Asian countries. We examined the association of parental occupation and educational levels and household income with children's psychological adjustment in Japan.
STUDY DESIGN
This was a cross-sectional study.
METHODS
Study subjects were 6329 children aged 3 years. Children's psychological adjustment was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.
RESULTS
Compared with having an unemployed father, having a father who worked in an administrative and managerial or clerical job was associated with a lower prevalence of peer problems. Compared with having an unemployed mother, having a mother who worked in the professional and engineering, sales, service, or manufacturing process area was associated with a lower prevalence of low prosocial behaviors, whereas having a mother who worked in the clerical, service, or manufacturing process area was associated with an increased prevalence of emotional problems. Having a mother who worked in a clerical area was associated with a higher prevalence of conduct problems. Higher paternal and maternal educational levels were inversely associated with the prevalence of conduct problems and hyperactivity but were positively associated with low prosocial behaviors. A higher household income was inversely associated with the prevalence of emotional problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity.
CONCLUSION
Parental occupation, educational levels, and household income may affect children's psychological adjustment in Japan.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Emotional Adjustment; Cross-Sectional Studies; Japan; Mothers; Educational Status
PubMed: 36395682
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.10.011 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Aug 2022Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) survivorship results in unique issues in return to physical and psychological function. The purpose of the study was to compare recovery... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Physical function, psychological adjustment, and self-efficacy following sudden cardiac arrest and an initial implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in a social cognitive theory intervention: secondary analysis of a randomized control trial.
BACKGROUND
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) survivorship results in unique issues in return to physical and psychological function. The purpose of the study was to compare recovery across the first year between SCA survivors and other arrhythmia patients who received a first-time implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for secondary prevention, participating in a social cognitive theory (SCT) intervention.
METHODS
168 (129 males, 39 females) who received an ICD for secondary prevention (SCA N = 65; other arrhythmia N = 103) were randomized to one of two study conditions: SCT intervention (N = 85) or usual care (N = 83). Outcomes were measured at baseline hospital discharge, 1, 3, 6, & 12 months: (1) Physical Function: Patient Concerns Assessment (PCA), SF-36 (PCS); (2) Psychological Adjustment: State Trait Anxiety (STAI), CES-D depression, SF-36 (MCS); (3) Self-Efficacy: Self-Efficacy (SCA-SE), Self-management Behaviors (SMB), Outcome Expectations (OE). Outcomes were compared over 12 months for intervention condition x ICD indication using general estimating equations.
RESULTS
Participants were Caucasian (89%), mean age 63.95 ± 12.3 years, EF% 33.95 ± 13.9, BMI 28.19 ± 6.2, and Charlson Index 4.27 ± 2.3. Physical symptoms (PCA) were higher over time for SCA survivors compared to the other arrhythmia group (p = 0.04), ICD shocks were lower in SCA survivors in the SCT intervention (p = 0.01); psychological adjustment (MCS) was significantly lower in SCA survivors in the SCT intervention over 6 months, which improved at 12 months (p = 0.05); outcome expectations (OE) were significantly lower for SCA survivors in the SCT intervention (p = 0.008).
CONCLUSIONS
SCA survivors had greater number of physical symptoms, lower levels of mental health and outcome expectations over 12 months despite participation in a SCT intervention. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04462887.
Topics: Aged; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Defibrillators, Implantable; Emotional Adjustment; Female; Heart Arrest; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychological Theory; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 35948889
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02782-8 -
Development and Psychopathology Dec 2023In spring 2020, U.S. schools universally transitioned to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic's onset, thus creating a natural experiment for examining...
In spring 2020, U.S. schools universally transitioned to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic's onset, thus creating a natural experiment for examining adolescents' risk and resilience during an ongoing school crisis response. This longitudinal study used a daily-diary approach to investigate the role of social support in the link between remote learning and psychological well-being across 64 days among a national sample of adolescents ( = 744; 42% Black, 36% White, 22% Other ethnicity/race; 41% boys; 72% eligible for free/reduced-priced lunch; =14.60, =1.71, age-range = 12-17 years). On days when youth attended remote learning, they reported lower daily positive affect, more daily stress, and higher parent social support. There were no significant differences in the effect of remote learning on affect or stress by race or economic status. On days when youth experienced more parent support, they reported lower daily stress and negative affect and higher daily positive affect. On days when youth experienced more peer support, they reported higher daily positive affect. Overall, the study highlights the impact of pandemic-onset remote learning on adolescents' psychological well-being and emphasizes the need for future research on school crisis contingency planning to address these challenges.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adolescent; Child; Female; Emotional Adjustment; Pandemics; Longitudinal Studies; Social Support; Parents
PubMed: 37655613
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579423001049 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jan 2023Parents play a critical role in adolescents' psychological adjustment, especially in stress response. Few studies have investigated parental impact on adolescents'...
BACKGROUND
Parents play a critical role in adolescents' psychological adjustment, especially in stress response. Few studies have investigated parental impact on adolescents' psychological adjustment in the pandemic. The longitudinal study examined how parental psychosocial factors at the surging period of the pandemic (T1) in China predicted adolescents' anxiety and depression concurrently and at the remission periods three (T2) and six months (T3) later.
METHODS
Middle and high school students and their parents from three schools in Shanghai, China, completed online surveys on March 10, 2020 (T1), June 16, 2020 (T2), and Sep 25, 2020 (T3). Adolescents' anxiety/depression levels were assessed by matching self- and parent-reports at T1, T2, T3, and parents reported their psychological state (emotion and psychopathology), pandemic response (appraisal and coping), and perceived social support (PSS) at T1.
RESULTS
Parental positive/negative emotions, anxiety, depression, control-appraisal, forward- and trauma-focus coping style and PSS were all significantly related to their children's anxiety/depression at T1. All factors, except coping style, predicted adolescents' anxiety/depression at T2 and T3, even after controlling for T1 adjustment levels. Parental positive emotion and depression had the strongest impact on adolescents' adjustment.
LIMITATIONS
Some participants didn't complete the surveys at later time points, and the participants were only recruited in Shanghai.
CONCLUSIONS
The study found that parents' psychosocial factors played a pivotal role on adolescents' psychological adjustment during COVID-19, highlighting the need to provide help to parents who were suffering from potential psychological distress.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Child; Emotional Adjustment; Parent-Child Relations; Longitudinal Studies; COVID-19; China; Parents
PubMed: 36183815
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.134 -
Integrative Psychological & Behavioral... Mar 2024Scientific modeling is a syllogistic system of definitive premise, sound inference and consistent explanation to understand, define, quantify, visualize or simulate...
Scientific modeling is a syllogistic system of definitive premise, sound inference and consistent explanation to understand, define, quantify, visualize or simulate feature of the target. Single-model is defined to an informative representation for identifying a property of a target object/phenomenon, and meta-model integrates the relevant single-models to explain phenomenological realities. Human recognition-behavioral adaptation is an information-metabolism system to maintain homeostasis of human-self, and that has been investigated in neurological, psychiatric and psychological aspects. I analyzed human recognition-behavioral adaptation-system via scientific modeling. Neurological meta-model of human recognition-behavioral adaptation system was synthesized as complex-network of the functional neuronal modules, and the meta-model was integrated to Mentality-model in the psychiatric aspect, and to Personality-model in the psychological aspect. The integrated meta-models successfully explained phenomenological realities in the aspects. From the above, I comprehended that the meta-model of human recognition-behavioral adaptation-system has been developed to Biopsychosocial model integrating the biological, psychological and socio-environmental factors.
Topics: Humans; Models, Neurological; Emotional Adjustment; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 37256480
DOI: 10.1007/s12124-023-09781-0 -
European Archives of... Mar 2017The objective is to clarify whether social support and acquisition of alternative voice enhance the psychological adjustment of laryngectomized patients and which part...
The objective is to clarify whether social support and acquisition of alternative voice enhance the psychological adjustment of laryngectomized patients and which part of the psychological adjustment structure would be influenced by social support. We contacted 1445 patients enrolled in a patient association using mail surveys and 679 patients agreed to participate in the study. The survey items included age, sex, occupation, post-surgery duration, communication method, psychological adjustment (by the Nottingham Adjustment Scale Japanese Laryngectomy Version: NAS-J-L), and the formal support (by Hospital Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-25: HPSQ-25). Social support and communication methods were added to the three-tier structural model of psychological adjustment shown in our previous study, and a covariance structure analysis was conducted. Formal/informal supports and acquisition of alternative voice influence only the "recognition of oneself as voluntary agent", the first tier of the three-tier structure of psychological adjustment. The results suggest that social support and acquisition of alternative voice may enhance the recognition of oneself as voluntary agent and promote the psychological adjustment.
Topics: Adult; Aftercare; Aged; Emotional Adjustment; Female; Humans; Japan; Laryngectomy; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Social Support; Speech, Alaryngeal; Surveys and Questionnaires; Voice Disorders
PubMed: 27687680
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4310-0