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Journal of Community Psychology Jul 2021A review of the Journal's nearly five decades of publications revealed an early commentary entitled "Common sense Community Psychology" (Thorne, 1974) reflecting on... (Review)
Review
A review of the Journal's nearly five decades of publications revealed an early commentary entitled "Common sense Community Psychology" (Thorne, 1974) reflecting on early decisions about the discipline's professional identity and interactions with targeted communities of color and need stimulated this commentary. Considered are ways we distinguished ourselves from our parent, clinical psychology, and its focus on emotional and behavioral disorder treated through psychotherapeutic interventions. Thorne's examination of alternative pathways that the discipline could have followed are considered relative to current challenges confronting communities of color and need.
Topics: Emotions; Humans; Psychology
PubMed: 33411360
DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22504 -
The American Psychologist Nov 2021Psychology's role in public life and social issues has been of longstanding concern throughout the discipline. In a historical moment of tremendous social, political,...
Psychology's role in public life and social issues has been of longstanding concern throughout the discipline. In a historical moment of tremendous social, political, and economic strife and a global pandemic, this special issue of American Psychologist seeks to extend important discourse about the concept of public psychology. The articles included in the special issue address a range of interconnected themes, including: (a) centering social problems, (b) engaging diverse publics in knowledge creation, (c) communicating and democratizing psychological knowledge, and (d) rethinking what constitutes psychology. In this introduction, the guest editors contextualize the special issue, identify its aims, and highlight the key contributions of the included articles. The guest editors argue that realizing an expansive and transformative public psychology will require structural, substantive changes within the discipline to place community concerns at the center of psychology. Nonetheless, bolstered by the insights of the special issue's contributors, the guest editors conclude with cautious optimism that psychology has much to offer in addressing the most pressing social problems of the 21st century. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Knowledge; Pandemics; Psychology; Social Problems; United States
PubMed: 35113588
DOI: 10.1037/amp0000933 -
Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und... Dec 2015
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Germany; Health Services for the Aged; Patient Care Team; Psychology; Social Work; Theology
PubMed: 26514146
DOI: 10.1007/s00391-015-0969-x -
Current Opinion in Psychology Apr 2020Specific features of ancestral ecologies had implications for the evolution of psychological mechanisms that regulate specific aspects of human cognition and behavior... (Review)
Review
Specific features of ancestral ecologies had implications for the evolution of psychological mechanisms that regulate specific aspects of human cognition and behavior within contemporary ecologies. These mechanisms produce predictably different attitudes, judgments and behavioral dispositions under different circumstances. This article summarizes two illustrative programs of research-one that focuses on the evolved psychology of disease-avoidance and its many implications, and the other that focuses on the evolved psychology of parental care-giving and its many implications. These programs of research exemplify the generative utility of evolutionary psychological conceptual methods within the domain of socio-ecological psychology.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Biological Evolution; Caregivers; Humans; Immune System Phenomena; Parents; Psychology; Social Environment
PubMed: 31336251
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.020 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Dec 2018The longstanding human interest in dreams has led to a significant body of psychological and philosophical discourse, including research. Recently, however, dreams have... (Review)
Review
The longstanding human interest in dreams has led to a significant body of psychological and philosophical discourse, including research. Recently, however, dreams have been relegated to the periphery of clinical psychological practice. This is potentially problematic as clients continue to bring dreams to therapy and many psychologists lack the confidence or competence to respond effectively to dream material. Building on the structural, professional and research cultures surrounding psychology using a cultural-historical activity theory framework, we argue the marginalisation of dreams is due to cultural-historical factors. These factors include the political and economic context in which psychology developed; psychology's early attempts to differentiate from psychoanalysis by identifying with behaviourism and the natural sciences; and a discipline-specific definition of what constitutes evidence-based practice. These factors led to professional discourses within which dreams are seen as of little clinical or therapeutic value, or that dream work is only for long-term therapy and requires extensive therapist training. However, there are diverse models of dream work consistent with most theoretical orientations within contemporary psychological practice. We conclude with recommendations on how to rebuild clinical confidence and competence in the use of dream material within the current professional environment.
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Culture; Dreams; Humans; Models, Psychological; Psychology, Clinical
PubMed: 29759892
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.04.002 -
The American Psychologist Nov 2021Persistent racist violence, health and economic disparities, and a divisive sociopolitical climate in the United States obviate the urgent need to address pressing...
Persistent racist violence, health and economic disparities, and a divisive sociopolitical climate in the United States obviate the urgent need to address pressing social issues. Psychologists are well-positioned to provide scientific and clinical expertise toward viable solutions, and can best do so through a public, outward-facing psychology that is socially engaged and advocacy-driven. We assert that discipline-wide adoption of a Scientist-Practitioner-Advocate (SPA) training model can help bridge divides between scientific or basic psychology and practice-oriented or applied psychology by demonstrating how all psychologists can and do bring their work to bear to benefit society. We first provide historical context regarding training and advocacy in psychology. We then explore challenges in formulating and implementing a SPA training model in contemporary academic environments across the discipline. We present findings regarding efforts to incorporate social justice and advocacy into psychology training, highlighting the experiences of one graduate program explicitly using the SPA model. Finally, we offer ideas and strategies for implementing a discipline-wide SPA training model for public psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Psychology; Social Justice; United States
PubMed: 35113590
DOI: 10.1037/amp0000855 -
Communications Biology Sep 2021There has been a fascination for centuries surrounding drivers of human behavior and the relationship between the ‘mind’ and the brain. However, there is an ongoing...
There has been a fascination for centuries surrounding drivers of human behavior and the relationship between the ‘mind’ and the brain. However, there is an ongoing disconnection between different research communities aiming to provide a mechanistic understanding about what underlies behavior, psychology and neuroscience. This comment outlines why this is a problem for scientific progress and replicability in brain sciences and considers how publishers can play a central role to help overcome the disconnect between, what should be, joint scientific communities.
Topics: Neurosciences; Psychology; Publishing
PubMed: 34535753
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02634-9 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Feb 2019Risk preference is one of the most important building blocks of choice theories in the behavioural sciences. In economics, it is often conceptualized as preferences... (Review)
Review
Risk preference is one of the most important building blocks of choice theories in the behavioural sciences. In economics, it is often conceptualized as preferences concerning the variance of monetary payoffs, whereas in psychology, risk preference is often thought to capture the propensity to engage in behaviour with the potential for loss or harm. Both concepts are associated with distinct measurement traditions: economics has traditionally relied on behavioural measures, while psychology has often relied on self-reports. We review three important gaps that have emerged from work stemming from these two measurement traditions: first, a description-experience gap which suggests that behavioural measures do not speak with one voice and can give very different views on an individual's appetite for risk; second, a behaviour-self-report gap which suggests that different self-report measures, but not behavioural measures, show a high degree of convergent validity; and, third, a temporal stability gap which suggests that self-reports, but not behavioural measures, show considerable temporal stability across periods of years. Risk preference, when measured through self-reports-but not behavioural tests-appears as a moderately stable psychological trait with both general and domain-specific components. We argue that future work needs to address the gaps that have emerged from the two measurement traditions and test their differential predictive validity for important economic, health and well-being outcomes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications'.
Topics: Humans; Psychology; Risk-Taking; Self Report
PubMed: 30966925
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0140 -
Integrative Psychological & Behavioral... Dec 2021This article asks what kind of science psychology should be and what new readings of Vygotsky can contribute to answering this question. Methodology and method are key...
This article asks what kind of science psychology should be and what new readings of Vygotsky can contribute to answering this question. Methodology and method are key to constituting psychology as a science. Hence, the focus is on three major methodologic-methodic approaches to what Vygotsky referred to in his Notebooks towards the end of his life as his and his colleagues' "acmeist psychology" - the objective-analytical, the method of double stimulation and the semic method. Each will be discussed in its own right, followed by a discussion of the interrelatedness of the three in order to provide stimulation for future possibilities. These possibilities - it will be argued - lie in decisively re-orienting psychology as a science that brings single cases and complex semiotic analyses to the fore and thereby also rethinks psychology's relation towards the arts, especially literature.
Topics: Humans; Psychology; Research Design
PubMed: 34515941
DOI: 10.1007/s12124-021-09634-8 -
Rehabilitation Psychology Feb 2016This article reviewed foundational principles in rehabilitation psychology and explored their application to global health imperatives as outlined in the World Report on... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE
This article reviewed foundational principles in rehabilitation psychology and explored their application to global health imperatives as outlined in the World Report on Disability (World Health Organization & World Bank, 2011).
RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN
Historical theories and perspectives are used to assist with conceptual formulation as applied to emerging international rehabilitation psychology topics.
RESULTS
According to the World Report on Disability (World Health Organization & World Bank, 2011), there are approximately 1 billion individuals living with some form of disability globally. An estimated 80% of persons with disabilities live in low- to middle-income countries (WHO, 2006). The primary messages and recommendations of the World Report on Disability have been previously summarized as it relates to potential opportunities for contribution within the field of rehabilitation psychology (MacLachlan & Mannan, 2014). Yet, undeniable barriers remain to realizing the full potential for contributions in low- to middle-income country settings.
CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS
A vision for engaging in international capacity building and public health efforts is needed within the field of rehabilitation psychology. Foundational rehabilitation psychology principles have application to the service of individuals with disabilities in areas of the world facing complex socioeconomic and sociopolitical challenges. Foundational principles of person-environment interaction, importance of social context, and need for involvement of persons with disabilities can provide guidance to the field as it relates to global health and rehabilitation efforts. The authors illustrate the application of rehabilitation psychology foundational principles through case examples and description of ongoing work, and link foundational principles to discreet domains of intervention going forward.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Global Health; Humans; Internationality; Psychology; World Health Organization
PubMed: 26881308
DOI: 10.1037/rep0000068