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Pediatric Annals Sep 2021The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has put strains on transgender and gender expansive (TGE) children and youth, with increased rates of anxiety and depression, lower...
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has put strains on transgender and gender expansive (TGE) children and youth, with increased rates of anxiety and depression, lower access to medical and mental health services, and greater exposure to unaccepting home environments. At the same time, for some of these young people, particularly those with supportive living situations, sheltering in place and online schooling has afforded them the opportunity to freely explore and consolidate their gender, protected from the strains of socially induced anxieties, and anticipated or experienced negative, hostile messages from their surrounding environment (ie, school or public meeting places). Culling from emerging data on the psychosocial effects of the pandemic on TGE children and youth, an argument is made for an understanding of these young people's experiences as both stress-inducing and resilience-building, each existing in dialectic tension with the other. Providers are called on to hold both in mind to fortify the biopsychosocial well-being of transgender and gender expansive children and youth. .
Topics: Adolescent; COVID-19; Child; Gender Identity; Humans; Physical Distancing; SARS-CoV-2; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism
PubMed: 34542341
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20210818-01 -
Archives of Sexual Behavior Oct 2022Blanchard proposed that autogynephilia is a natal male's paraphilic sexual arousal in response to the thought or fantasy of being a woman. Furthermore, based on evidence...
Blanchard proposed that autogynephilia is a natal male's paraphilic sexual arousal in response to the thought or fantasy of being a woman. Furthermore, based on evidence collected from natal males with gender dysphoria, Blanchard argued that autogynephilia is the fundamental motivation among nonhomosexual males (i.e., those not exclusively attracted to men) who pursue sex reassignment surgery or live as transgender women. These ideas have been challenged by several writers who have asserted, or offered evidence, that autogynephilia is common among women. However, their evidence was weakened by problematic measures and limited comparison groups. We compared four samples of autogynephilic natal males (N = 1549), four samples of non-autogynephilic natal males (N = 1339), and two samples of natal females (N = 500), using Blanchard's original measure: the Core Autogynephilia Scale. The autogynephilic samples had much higher mean scores compared with non-autogynephilic natal males and natal females, who were similar. Our findings refute the contention that autogynephilia is common among natal females.
Topics: Fantasy; Female; Gender Dysphoria; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Sex Reassignment Surgery; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism
PubMed: 35759067
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02359-8 -
Psycho-oncology Aug 2018To extend the limited research on psychosexual development among childhood cancer survivors, by not only focusing on the prevalence and age of milestone attainment, but...
OBJECTIVE
To extend the limited research on psychosexual development among childhood cancer survivors, by not only focusing on the prevalence and age of milestone attainment, but also survivors' attitudes toward the timing of reaching such milestones.
METHODS
Adult survivors of childhood cancer (N = 90; M = 29.8, SD = 5.2), recruited from a US pediatric institution, completed online surveys indicating whether they had reached 5 milestones of psychosexual development (ie, first kiss, first boy-/girlfriend, first physical intimacy, sexual debut, first time in love), age at attainment, and perceptions about the timing (ie, right time, wished it had happened earlier, wished they had waited).
RESULTS
Almost all survivors had reached each milestone (≥90%), except for sexual debut (83.3%). Survivors reported their first kiss as the earliest milestone at age 14.6 (N = 82, 92%) and falling in love as the latest milestone at age 18.8 (N = 80; 90%). This timing did not differ by sex/cancer-specific factors. Most survivors (~60%) felt they reached each milestone at the right time. Compared with US normative data, both male and female survivors were less likely to have experienced their sexual debut and were approximately 1.5 years older at sexual debut. Nevertheless, 59% of survivors felt that this timing was right and 31% wished they had waited longer.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to demonstrate that although childhood cancer survivors may delay some aspects of psychosexual development, most are satisfied with this timing. Research and clinical practice should emphasize survivors' perceptions/satisfaction toward psychosexual development rather than focusing only on normative milestone attainment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events; Cancer Survivors; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Personal Satisfaction; Psychosexual Development
PubMed: 29700907
DOI: 10.1002/pon.4746 -
International Review of Psychiatry... 2016In this article we discuss the changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classification of gender identity-related conditions over time,... (Review)
Review
In this article we discuss the changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classification of gender identity-related conditions over time, and indicate how these changes were associated with the changes in conceptualization. A diagnosis of 'transsexualism' appeared first in DSM-III in 1980. This version also included a childhood diagnosis: gender identity disorder of childhood. As research about gender incongruence/gender dysphoria increased, the terminology, placement and criteria were reviewed in successive versions of the DSM. Changes in various aspects of the diagnosis, however, were not only based on research. Social and political factors contributed to the conceptualization of gender incongruence/gender dysphoria as well.
Topics: Adult; Child; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Gender Dysphoria; Gender Identity; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Male; Sexual Behavior; Transsexualism
PubMed: 26782319
DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2015.1091293 -
Current Problems in Cardiology May 2020Transgender individuals represent a medically underserved and under researched population. There is a growing number of studies illustrating the importance of hormone... (Review)
Review
Transgender individuals represent a medically underserved and under researched population. There is a growing number of studies illustrating the importance of hormone therapy treatments in transgender men and women to assist ameliorating gender dysphoria and promoting well-being. However, the cardiovascular effects of these hormones are controversial. Large longitudinal epidemiological studies of cardiovascular event outcomes in these populations do not exist. In addition, studies of cardiovascular complications of transgender hormone therapy are limited in number and complicated by poor control of medication regimen, presence of gender confirming surgery, use of prescribed medications for prevailing conditions, and alcohol, smoking or illicit substance use, and comorbidities, such as HIV infection. The following provides an overview of current guidelines for hormone therapy regimens used by transgender individuals, as well as what is known about the use of exogenous hormones on the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular disease risk. Several gaps in our understanding of the cardiovascular effects of endogenous and exogenous hormones in treated transgender individuals are identified, which provide direction for future study.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Female; Gender Identity; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Life Style; Male; Risk Assessment; Sex Factors; Sex Reassignment Procedures; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30340769
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2018.09.003 -
Harefuah Sep 2019Clinical encounters with transgender people seeking hormonal treatment for gender reaffirmation, provide an opportunity, besides engagement in the endocrine dilemmas, to...
Clinical encounters with transgender people seeking hormonal treatment for gender reaffirmation, provide an opportunity, besides engagement in the endocrine dilemmas, to challenge the binary pattern of thinking and reveal many fascinating and complex matters of transgender medicine: human, philosophical and political. The current review of the subject is presented by an endocrinologist engaged in hormonal treatment of transgender people.
Topics: Endocrinology; Gender Identity; Humans; Medicine; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism
PubMed: 31507102
DOI: No ID Found -
Med (New York, N.Y.) May 2021Radix and Harris discuss the current state of transgender health and the challenges to equitable medical access experienced by transgender and gender-diverse patients....
Radix and Harris discuss the current state of transgender health and the challenges to equitable medical access experienced by transgender and gender-diverse patients. Transgender medicine has evolved significantly since the first clinical practice guidelines were developed more than 40 years ago, but important research gaps exist.
Topics: Gender Identity; Humans; Medicine; Plant Roots; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism
PubMed: 35590227
DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.04.025 -
The Journal of Sexual Medicine Jun 2020One of the most prominent etiological theories of gender incongruence in trans women proposes a paraphilic erotic target location error (ie, autogynephilia) as a causal...
BACKGROUND
One of the most prominent etiological theories of gender incongruence in trans women proposes a paraphilic erotic target location error (ie, autogynephilia) as a causal factor in gynephilic (ie, exclusively gynephilic and bisexual) trans women. We hypothesized that a paraphilic erotic target location should manifest itself in various aspects of sexual behavior, solitary and dyadic sexual desire, and psychosexual experience.
AIM
To compare sexual behavior, sexual desire, and psychosexual experience of exclusively gynephilic and bisexual trans women with that of androphilic trans women to explore whether their sexuality differs substantially.
METHODS
Trans women diagnosed with gender dysphoria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5) were recruited at 4 transgender healthcare centers in Germany. The present study analyzed items on sexual behavior, desire, and experience of a self-report questionnaire, collected as part of a cross-sectional multicenter study.
MAIN OUTCOMES
Multiple aspects of sexuality were examined using self-constructed items. Sexual desire was measured using the Sexual Desire Inventory and psychosexual experience using the Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire.
RESULTS
Significantly more exclusively gynephilic than androphilic trans women reported a history of sexual arousal in relation to cross-dressing. However, little evidence was found that gynephilic and androphilic sexual desire, behavior, and psychosexual experience differ profoundly. Interestingly, a statistically non-significant trend indicated that gynephilic trans women who had not yet undergone gender affirming surgery showed the highest levels of sexual desire (solitary and dyadic), whereas the opposite was the case for androphilic trans women.
CLINICAL TRANSLATION
Data of this study indicate that sexual orientation does not appear to be a good predicator for sexual behavior, desire, and psychosexual experience in trans women.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
We investigated sexual desire and experience using standardized and evaluated measures such as the Sexual Desire Inventory and Multidimensional Sexuality Questionnaire. Future studies with a larger sample size should investigate how different gender affirming medical intervention might have diverging influences on sexual behavior, desire, and experience.
CONCLUSION
Ultimately, this study found little evidence for the hypothesis that sexual behavior, sexual desire, and psychosexual experience differ substantially in gynephilic (exclusively gynephilic and bisexual) and androphilic trans women. Laube JS, Auer M, Biedermann SV, et al. Sexual Behavior, Desire, and Psychosexual Experience in Gynephilic and Androphilic Trans Women: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study. J Sex Med 2020;17:1182-1194.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gender Identity; Germany; Humans; Male; Sexual Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires; Transsexualism
PubMed: 32147311
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.01.030 -
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and... Aug 2014The age at which gender dysphoria can be diagnosed with enough certainty to justify medical intervention is controversial. The aim of this article is to explore current... (Review)
Review
The age at which gender dysphoria can be diagnosed with enough certainty to justify medical intervention is controversial. The aim of this article is to explore current literature as it relates to the gender reassignment process and diagnostic indicators supporting an appropriate age for intervention. The timing of diagnosis and treatment of gender dysphoria remains the center of debate between the long-term effects of early intervention versus delay of treatment. Limited research is available on gender dysphoria treatment protocols for children. However, preliminary studies suggest that early intervention improves the quality of life in individuals who are transgender. Ongoing research suggests that it may be possible to confirm gender dysphoria at an earlier age.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gender Identity; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Male; Sex Reassignment Procedures; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism
PubMed: 24972388
DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20140625-01 -
Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen... 2015Transsexualism and other variations of gender identity are based on a stable sense of identity. The aetiology of this phenomenon is not fully known. Suffering caused by...
Transsexualism and other variations of gender identity are based on a stable sense of identity. The aetiology of this phenomenon is not fully known. Suffering caused by gender dysphoria is alleviated with sex reassignment. The psychiatric assessment of both adolescents and adults has been centralized in Finland to two university hospitals, the Helsinki University Hospital and Tampere University Hospital. In both hospitals, multidisciplinary teams aim at differential diagnosis by using well-known psychiatric and psychological instruments. Wishes for sex reassignment that are caused by a mental health disorder are excluded. Assessment in adolescence is challenging because the identity in youth is still forming.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Finland; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Sex Reassignment Surgery; Transsexualism
PubMed: 26237926
DOI: No ID Found