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Pediatric Pulmonology Dec 2023Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a potentially life-threatening complication that develops rapidly following acute upper airway obstruction. The condition is... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a potentially life-threatening complication that develops rapidly following acute upper airway obstruction. The condition is rare, dramatic but resolves quickly. Prompt recognition and appropriate supportive treatment may prevent unnecessary investigations and iatrogenic complications.
METHODS
We describe a spectrum of etiologies and clinical manifestation of pediatric NPPE in our center and review of previous publications.
CONCLUSION
The etiology for the development of NPPE in children has shifted over the years. Although dramatic in presentation, this type of pulmonary edema often resolves quickly with minimal support.
Topics: Humans; Child; Pulmonary Edema; Research; Airway Obstruction
PubMed: 37737464
DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26700 -
Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal 2016Although the lungs are a critical component of exercise performance, their response to exercise and other environmental stresses is often overlooked when evaluating... (Review)
Review
Although the lungs are a critical component of exercise performance, their response to exercise and other environmental stresses is often overlooked when evaluating pulmonary performance during high workloads. Exercise can produce capillary leakage, particularly when left atrial pressure increases related to left ventricular (LV) systolic or diastolic failure. Diastolic LV dysfunction that results in elevated left atrial pressure during exercise is particularly likely to result in pulmonary edema and capillary hemorrhage. Data from race horses, endurance athletes, and triathletes support the concept that the lungs can react to exercise and immersion stress with pulmonary edema and pulmonary hemorrhage. Immersion in water by swimmers and divers can also increase stress on pulmonary capillaries and result in pulmonary edema. Swimming-induced pulmonary edema and immersion pulmonary edema in scuba divers are well-documented events caused by the fluid shifts that occur with immersion, elevated pulmonary venous pressure during extreme exercise, and negative alveolar pressure due to inhalation resistance. Prevention strategies include avoiding extreme exercise, avoiding over hydration, and assuring that inspiratory resistance is minimized.
Topics: Diastole; Exercise; Humans; Pulmonary Edema; Sports; Swimming; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
PubMed: 27486491
DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-12-2-93 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jun 2021Swimming-induced pulmonary oedema (SIPE) is a rare condition, where hemodynamic changes associated with immersion in water and swimming induces pulmonary oedema. Here,...
Swimming-induced pulmonary oedema (SIPE) is a rare condition, where hemodynamic changes associated with immersion in water and swimming induces pulmonary oedema. Here, we report a case with a 57-year old very fit female triathlete experiencing critical lung edema during low intensity open water swimming. We speculate, that SIPE in this particular patient was caused by a combination of factors: 1) Stress-induced diastolic dysfunction, 2) tendency to vasoconstriction upon stress and 3) possibly paroxysmal atrial fibrillation induced by increased atrial pressure during the event.
Topics: Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Edema; Swimming; Water
PubMed: 34219637
DOI: No ID Found -
Southern Medical Journal Oct 2022Acute brain injury (ABI) consists of any acquired insult to the brain and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 20% to 30% of... (Review)
Review
Acute brain injury (ABI) consists of any acquired insult to the brain and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 20% to 30% of patients with ABI develop a lung injury called neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), and its development often results in poor outcomes. This article provides a narrative review of the evidence regarding proposed mechanisms of injury, diagnosis, and treatment of NPE in the critical care setting. PubMed and Ovid databases were searched for observational or prospective studies relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of NPE. Overall, studies showed that although the specific mechanisms responsible for NPE remain uncertain, putative mechanisms include vaso- and venoconstriction, catecholamine release with resultant pulmonary vasoconstriction called the "blast injury theory," increased vagal tone, and increased capillary permeability. Diagnosis involves identifying signs of pulmonary edema in patients who experienced a neurologic insult. Management strategies aim to address both brain and lung injury, and treatment modalities appear to work best when balanced toward maintaining a normal physiologic state. In summary, NPE is an often underdiagnosed but important sequela of ABI, which may result in additional long-term morbidity. It is therefore an important entity for providers to recognize and tailor their clinical approach toward.
Topics: Brain Injuries; Catecholamines; Humans; Lung Injury; Prospective Studies; Pulmonary Edema
PubMed: 36191916
DOI: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001457 -
Pediatric Emergency Care Mar 2018
Review
Topics: Emergency Medical Services; Humans; Pediatrics; Pulmonary Edema
PubMed: 29494461
DOI: 10.1097/01.pec.0000531224.53738.86 -
Current Sports Medicine Reports Apr 2024Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is a rare but life-threatening acute illness that can occur in otherwise healthy athletes and individuals. Also known as...
Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is a rare but life-threatening acute illness that can occur in otherwise healthy athletes and individuals. Also known as immersion pulmonary edema, SIPE presents in swimmers, snorkelers, and SCUBA divers. It occurs in persons under heavy exertion in cold water temperatures, leading to coughing, shortness of breath, and sometimes blood-tinged sputum. Under these conditions, there is increased pulmonary vascular pressure, which may ultimately lead to pulmonary edema. This article synthesizes the latest data on the prevalence, pathophysiology, etiology, risks, short- and long-term complications, and the efficacy of supportive medical treatment interventions.
Topics: Humans; Swimming; Pulmonary Edema; Cold Temperature; Dyspnea; Diving
PubMed: 38578489
DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000001157 -
Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease May 2021Fluid overload is associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute kidney injury as well as end-stage kidney disease. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been used in many... (Review)
Review
Fluid overload is associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute kidney injury as well as end-stage kidney disease. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been used in many different settings and specialties including the emergency department, intensive care unit, trauma, cardiology, and nephrology. Although LUS has been a valuable tool in assessing pulmonary congestion, LUS findings may not always be pathognomonic for pulmonary congestion. Furthermore, the feasibility of doing an extensive LUS examination as has been done in research studies may be hard to implement within the clinical setting. This review will go over the use of LUS to evaluate for fluid overload, compare LUS with other markers of fluid overload, review limitations of LUS, and suggest potential future directions in the use of LUS in nephrology.
Topics: Heart Failure; Humans; Lung; Pulmonary Edema; Ultrasonography; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance
PubMed: 34906304
DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2021.03.003 -
Journal of Neurotrauma Aug 2015Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a life-threatening complication of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. This review summarizes current knowledge about NPE etiology... (Review)
Review
Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a life-threatening complication of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. This review summarizes current knowledge about NPE etiology and pathophysiology with an emphasis on its experimental models, including our spinal cord compression model. NPE may develop as a result of activation of specific CNS trigger zones located in the brainstem, leading to a rapid sympathetic discharge, rise in systemic blood pressure, baroreflex-induced bradycardia, and enhanced venous return resulting in pulmonary vascular congestion characterized by interstitial edema, intra-alveolar accumulation of transudate, and intra-alveolar hemorrhages. The potential etiological role of neurotransmitter changes in NPE trigger zones leading to enhanced sympathetic nerve activity is discussed. Degree of anesthesia is a crucial determinant for the extent of NPE development in experimental models because of its influence on sympathetic nervous system activity. Sympathetic hyperactivity is based on the major activation of either ascending spinal pathways by spinal cord injury or NPE trigger zones by increased intracranial pressure. Attenuation of sympathetic nerve activity or abolition of reflex bradycardia completely prevent NPE development in our experimental model. Suggestions for future research into NPE pathogenesis as well as therapeutic potential of particular drugs and interventions are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Humans; Pulmonary Edema
PubMed: 25496372
DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3609 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Mar 2024Swimming-induced pulmonary oedema (SIPE) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition which occurs in otherwise healthy swimmers. This is a case report of a...
Swimming-induced pulmonary oedema (SIPE) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition which occurs in otherwise healthy swimmers. This is a case report of a 62-year-old female developing severe dyspnoea, haemoptysis and hypoxia during open-water swimming. The report provides the current perspectives of SIPE regarding clinical presentation and treatment and presents theories on the pathophysiology of the condition.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Edema; Swimming; Deafness; Health Status; Hemoptysis
PubMed: 38445342
DOI: 10.61409/V10230642 -
Circulation Mar 2016
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Pulmonary Edema; Risk Reduction Behavior; Sildenafil Citrate; Swimming
PubMed: 26882911
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021553