-
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Oct 2020Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex is a canine endometrial disorder, considered the most common and important among uterine diseases. The treatment of...
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex is a canine endometrial disorder, considered the most common and important among uterine diseases. The treatment of choice is ovariohysterectomy, but medical treatments have become an alternative. However, no studies have been performed in order to evaluate uterine hemodynamic changes during medical treatment for pyometra bitches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two medical protocols by means of clinical (heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature), medullar response (complete blood count (CBC)) and uterine hemodynamic evaluation in pyometra bitches. For such purpose, 10 bitches with pyometra were assigned to two groups: Aglepristone Group (n = 5) and Associative Group (aglepristone + prostaglandin; n = 5). The Associative Group had altered respiratory rate and decreased body temperature. The Aglepristone Group had decreased plasma protein, however, leukocyte count reduced over time for both therapeutic protocols. Uterine area and vascularization score decreased throughout treatment. There was a significant reduction in uterine perimeter, area and vascularization score. The Associative Group had lower final diastolic velocity and higher systole:diastole ratio (S/D), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI). In conclusion, both medical treatments are effective in reversing clinical and CBC changes of pyometra, especially aglepristone, however they cannot fully restore local uterine changes in a short-term evaluation. Conversely, associative therapy was more effective in decreasing uterine vascularization and modulating uterine blood flow.
PubMed: 33142944
DOI: 10.3390/ani10112011 -
Theriogenology Jul 2018Acute phase proteins (APP) and biomarkers of oxidative status have proved to be clinically useful biomarkers of pyometra in different species. Despite pyometra is...
Acute phase proteins (APP) and biomarkers of oxidative status have proved to be clinically useful biomarkers of pyometra in different species. Despite pyometra is considered one of the most important feline reproductive diseases, information about the APP response and the oxidative status in queens with pyometra is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the APP and the antioxidant responses at diagnosis and in the post-operative period in feline pyometra. Serum concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), albumin, total serum thiols (Thiol) and total antioxidant capacity determined by different assays, including trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assessed by two different methodologies (TEAC1 and TEAC2), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), were determined in 23 queens with pyometra at diagnosis and in 13 healthy control queens submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy. The APP and antioxidants were also evaluated in 11 queens of the pyometra group at days two and 10 after surgery. At diagnosis, queens with pyometra had serum concentrations of SAA, Hp, and FRAP significantly higher (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively), and of albumin, Thiol, CUPRAC and TEAC2 significantly lower (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) than controls. Moreover, concentrations of APP and antioxidants were significantly different (with a tendency to return to physiologic levels) at day 10 after surgery than before surgery. Significant associations were found between APP and antioxidants. According to these results, an APP response and the development of oxidative stress were detected in queens with pyometra. In addition, APP and antioxidants tended to return to physiologic values after surgery in the queens that recovered from the disease. Therefore, our results suggest that APP and selected antioxidants, such as Thiol and CUPRAC, could be potentially useful biomarkers in diagnosis and assessment of the post-operative period in feline pyometra.
Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Animals; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Haptoglobins; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Pyometra; Serum Albumin; Serum Amyloid A Protein; Sulfhydryl Compounds
PubMed: 29705657
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.04.010 -
Veterinary Research Nov 2016This study was designed to evaluate the role of E. coli α-hemolysin (HlyA) in the pathogenesis of canine pyometra, and on the immune response of canine endometrial...
This study was designed to evaluate the role of E. coli α-hemolysin (HlyA) in the pathogenesis of canine pyometra, and on the immune response of canine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. In Experiment 1, the clinical, hematological, biochemical and uterine histological characteristics of β-hemolytic and non-hemolytic E. coli pyometra bitches were compared. More (p < 0.05) metritis cases were observed in β-hemolytic E. coli pyometra uteri than in non-hemolytic E. coli pyometra uteri. β-hemolytic E. coli pyometra endometria had higher gene transcription of IL-1β and IL-8 and lower gene transcription of IL-6 than non-hemolytic E. coli pyometra endometria (p < 0.01). In Experiment 2, the immune response of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, to hemolytic (Pyo18) and non-hemolytic E. coli strains (Pyo18 with deleted hlya-Pyo18ΔhlyA- and Pyo14) were compared. Following 4 h of incubation, Pyo18 decreased epithelial cell numbers to 54% (p < 0.001), and induced death of all stromal cells (p < 0.0001), whereas Pyo18ΔhlyA and Pyo14 had no effect on cell numbers. Compared to Pyo18ΔhlyA and Pyo14, respectively, Pyo18 induced a lower transcription level of IL-1β (0.99 vs 152.0 vs 50.9 fold increase, p < 0.001), TNFα (3.2 vs 49.9 vs 12.9 fold increase, p < 0.05) and IL-10 (0.4 vs 3.6 vs 2.6 fold increase, p < 0.001) in stromal cells, after 1 h of incubation. This may be seen as an attempt of hemolytic E. coli to delay the activation of the immune response. In conclusion, endometrial epithelial and stromal cell damage induced by HlyA is a potential relevant step of E. coli virulence in the pathogenesis of pyometra.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Endometrium; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Immunomodulation; Pyometra; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Transcriptome
PubMed: 27829462
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0396-z -
Veterinary World May 2021Different species of trypanosomes have been reported to cause varying degrees of reproductive disorders in pregnant and non-pregnant animals under experimental...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Different species of trypanosomes have been reported to cause varying degrees of reproductive disorders in pregnant and non-pregnant animals under experimental infections. Information on reproductive disorders and losses in animals naturally infected with trypanosome species are few. This study was carried out to assess the abnormalities in the genital organs (ovaries, oviduct, uterus, cervix, and vagina) of female cattle naturally infected with trypanosomes in and around Abuja, Nigeria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cows showing signs such as emaciation, weakness, or anemia were selected and examined at Gwagwalada and Karu abattoirs, respectively. Venous blood samples were taken from 108 of such animals and screened using standard trypanosome detection methods. The genital organs were also collected and inspected for gross and histopathological lesions in the laboratory.
RESULTS
Six (5.55%) out of the 108 animals were positive for trypanosomes; 4 (66.7%) were infected with and 2 (33.3%) were infected with . The mean packed cell volume of the infected animals was 22.83%. Grossly, congestion and ecchymotic hemorrhages were observed in the endometrium, myometrium, and cervical submucosa. Mucometra, hydrometra, and pyometra were also seen in the uterus. Histologically, necrosis of the epithelium and endometrial glands accompanied by mononuclear cellular infiltration was observed in the uterus. There was also sloughing of the endometrial epithelium, vascular congestion, and hypertrophy of serosa of the uterus. There was atropy of the granulosa cells, increased numbers of degenerating tertiary follicles, and absence of corpora lutea in the ovary. No gross or histopathological lesions were observed in the fallopian tube and vagina.
CONCLUSION
The lesions observed were restricted to the uterus and ovary of the animals and were less severe when compared to lesions observed under experimental conditions as reported by previous authors.
PubMed: 34220142
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1363-1370 -
IDCases 2019Pyometra is an unusual presentation of uterine infection, this condition is characterized by purulent fluid within the uterine cavity. In this report we describe...
Pyometra is an unusual presentation of uterine infection, this condition is characterized by purulent fluid within the uterine cavity. In this report we describe pyometra due to in a 90-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain, nausea with emesis and diarrhea. She was evaluated at an outside emergency department and computed tomography (CT) revealed a large, complex, cystic mass measuring 9.2 cm (cm) in greatest diameter. Given her age, the diagnosis of malignancy was entertained. She was referred to gynecologic-oncology service for evaluation and underwent exploratory laparotomy with total abdominal hysterectomy and lysis of adhesions. Intraoperative findings were consistent with pyometra. Cultures ultimately grew . She initiated on antibacterial therapy and was discharged to a rehabilitation facility.
PubMed: 31193089
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00554 -
Theriogenology Feb 2023Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)-pyometra (CEH-P) is one of the most common reproductive disorders in bitches, posing a risk to both future fertility and life. The...
Differential expression of inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin synthases and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in the endometrium and circulation in different graded CEH-pyometra in bitch.
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)-pyometra (CEH-P) is one of the most common reproductive disorders in bitches, posing a risk to both future fertility and life. The aims of the current study were to elucidate the differential expression patterns of inflammatory mediators at transcript and protein levels in the endometrium and to assess the concentrations of key inflammatory mediators in the peripheral circulation of bitches with different graded CEH-P. A total of 25 client-owned intact mixed breed bitches of 3-10 years presented to the outpatient department of RVP-TVCC of the institute were considered for the study. Of which, 22 cases suggestive of pyometra and 3 cases of CEH obtained during routine elective ovariohysterectomy were subjected to histopathological examination. Uteri were categorized into CEH (n = 3), moderate CEH-P (mCEH-P, n = 9), severe CEH-P (sCEH-P, n = 6) and atrophic pyometra (AT-P, n = 7). A group of age matched (n = 12) bitches without pyometra served as control. Endometrial transcripts such as IL6, IL8, PTGS2, PGFS, and SLPI were expressed differentially in the CEH and CEH-P bitch. In addition, a strong immunoreactivity (IR) of IL6, IL8, PTGS2, and mPGES1 was recorded in the sCEH-P uterus, while expression of IL10 was noticed in AT-P. In circulation, serum IL6 was the most relevant marker with high sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 84.6% at a cut off concentration 8.5 pg/mL followed by SLPI with 95.2% sensitivity, and 84.6% specificity at cut off concentration of 1.3 ng/mL. Serum IL10, PGFM and SLPI concentration in the peripheral circulation were 1.5-2.23 fold higher in mCEH-P, 0.87-2.5 fold higher in sCEH-P and 2.9-3.5 fold higher in AT-P than that of control. It is concluded that monitoring the serum concentration of IL6, IL10 and SLPI would be useful adjunct to the established hematobiochemical parameters in the management of pyometra in the bitch with critical illness.
Topics: Dogs; Female; Animals; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Pyometra; Cytokines; Cyclooxygenase 2; Interleukin-6; Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor; Interleukin-8; Endometrium; Prostaglandins; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 36516536
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.017 -
Veterinary Journal (London, England :... Jun 2018An assay for adenosine deaminase (ADA) was validated in serum and saliva in dogs. Changes in ADA and salivary α-amylase activities were analysed in 26 bitches diagnosed...
An assay for adenosine deaminase (ADA) was validated in serum and saliva in dogs. Changes in ADA and salivary α-amylase activities were analysed in 26 bitches diagnosed with pyometra and compared with activities in 19 healthy bitches. All animals were classified according to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) scoring for physical status. In the validation study, the ADA assay had an imprecision<12% and determination coefficients>0.90 in linearity under dilution experiments, with recoveries of 99.2-114.4%. On the day of presentation, salivary ADA activity was significantly higher in dogs with pyometra than in healthy dogs (median values 7.1IU/L vs. 0.8IU/L, respectively; P<0.01). ADA had a moderate positive correlation with leucocyte and band neutrophil counts, haptoglobin, salivary α-amylase and ASA score, and a low positive correlation with C-reactive protein. There were no significant differences in salivary α-amylase activity between dogs with pyometra and healthy dogs (57.3IU/L vs. 27.4IU/L, respectively). Salivary α-amylase had a low correlation with ASA grade, and leucocyte and band neutrophil counts. In 7/26 bitches with pyometra that were sampled 3 and 10days after ovariohysterectomy, there were no significant changes in α-amylase or ADA activities. These results indicate that ADA activity is increased in the saliva of bitches with pyometra, probably related to systemic inflammation.
Topics: Adenosine Deaminase; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Hysterectomy; Ovariectomy; Pyometra; Saliva; Salivary alpha-Amylases
PubMed: 29871742
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.04.018 -
Theriogenology Jan 2023Pyometra is a common and high-incidence reproductive system disease in female dogs, and its development involves both hormonal and bacterial factors. Characterization of...
Pyometra is a common and high-incidence reproductive system disease in female dogs, and its development involves both hormonal and bacterial factors. Characterization of the endometrial microbiome in healthy dogs and diseased dogs with pyometra remains unclear at present, however. In this study, dogs with pyometra were identified based on the clinical examinations, hematology examinations, vaginal smears and uterine histopathology. The endometrial samples of healthy dogs (n = 30) and diseased dogs (n = 41) were then collected and sequenced by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Dogs with pyometra suffered from inflammation, and their endometrial microbial diversity (ACE and Chao 1 indices) was significantly lower than that of healthy dogs (P < 0.05). The endometrial samples of both groups were enriched in four phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria), with a greater abundance of Firmicutes in diseased dogs (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the most prevalent microbes in diseased dogs belonged to Pseudomonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Mycoplasma, Enterococcus, Haemophilus, Vibrio and Ralstonia, with lower levels of Mycoplasma, Enterococcus and Haemophilus in the healthy control. Principal co-ordinates analysis and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling showed that the endometrial microbiome of diseased dogs clustered separately from that of the healthy controls (P < 0.05). In the LDA effect size analysis, 18 members of the endometrial microbiome were screened. Of these, the bacterial species Pseudomonas_aeruginosa and microbes within the genera Mycoplasma, Enterococcus and Haemophilus were found to be enriched in the uteruses of diseased dogs. Furthermore, the Random Forests model further confirmed that Mycoplasma and Haemophilus could be considered as biomarkers of diseased endometrium. In conclusion, this study provided a theoretical basis for the development of probiotic preparation in the future.
Topics: Female; Dogs; Animals; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Health Status
PubMed: 36413869
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.003 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2023The use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been widely reported for reproductive imaging in humans and animals. This review aims to analyze the utility of CEUS... (Review)
Review
The use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been widely reported for reproductive imaging in humans and animals. This review aims to analyze the utility of CEUS in characterizing canine reproductive physiology and pathologies. In September 2022, a search for articles about CEUS in canine testicles, prostate, uterus, placenta, and mammary glands was conducted on PubMed and Scopus from 1990 to 2022, showing 36 total results. CEUS differentiated testicular abnormalities and neoplastic lesions, but it could not characterize tumors. In prostatic diseases, CEUS in dogs was widely studied in animal models for prostatic cancer treatment. In veterinary medicine, this diagnostic tool could distinguish prostatic adenocarcinomas. In ovaries, CEUS differentiated the follicular phases. In CEH-pyometra syndrome, it showed a different enhancement between endometrium and cysts, and highlighted angiogenesis. CEUS was shown to be safe in pregnant dogs and was able to assess normal and abnormal fetal-maternal blood flow and placental dysfunction. In normal mammary glands, CEUS showed vascularization only in diestrus, with differences between mammary glands. CEUS was not specific for neoplastic versus non-neoplastic masses and for benign tumors, except for complex carcinomas and neoplastic vascularization. Works on CEUS showed its usefulness in a wide spectrum of pathologies of this non-invasive, reliable diagnostic procedure.
PubMed: 37238045
DOI: 10.3390/ani13101615 -
Cureus Nov 2022Pyometra is an easily overlooked disease with nonspecific symptoms; however, a delayed diagnosis can lead to severe complications. An 80-year-old frail woman presented...
Pyometra is an easily overlooked disease with nonspecific symptoms; however, a delayed diagnosis can lead to severe complications. An 80-year-old frail woman presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of persistent fever for 10 days. Her blood tests showed an elevated inflammatory response, and computed tomography showed a 10-cm cystic lesion in the pelvic floor compressing the bladder. A catheter was inserted from the vagina into the uterine cavity, resulting in pus drainage and pyometra diagnosis. A pus culture was subsequently performed, which detected , a common cause of respiratory tract infections in cystic fibrosis and bloodstream infections, and. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pyometra caused by . The patient was treated with drainage and piperacillin-tazobactam administration. Pyometra is especially prevalent in older women with impaired activities of daily living and dementia. Although fever, lower abdominal pain, and increased discharge may occur, symptoms are often nonspecific, and half of such cases are asymptomatic. Furthermore, delayed diagnosis can lead to perforation of the uterus and consequent pan-peritonitis. Thus, the diagnosis of pyometra should be considered in older women presenting with unknown fever, and imaging studies and gynecological consultation should be requested promptly.
PubMed: 36600853
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32016