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Ugeskrift For Laeger Nov 2023Hydrofluorocarbons, the propellants used in metered dose inhalers, are powerful greenhouse gases. However, this review investigates the use of metered dose inhalers... (Review)
Review
Hydrofluorocarbons, the propellants used in metered dose inhalers, are powerful greenhouse gases. However, this review investigates the use of metered dose inhalers which continue to be on the rise in Denmark despite evidence that most patients are treated equally well with dry powder inhalers. If the use of metered dose inhalers in Denmark were reduced to approximately the level seen in Sweden it would lead to a reduction in CO2e comparable with the emissions from the electricity used in 16,500 typical Danish households.
Topics: Humans; Asthma; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Metered Dose Inhalers; Dry Powder Inhalers; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Administration, Inhalation
PubMed: 37987432
DOI: No ID Found -
The International Journal of... Nov 2023Respiratory diseases of infectious, allergic, neoplastic or degenerative origin are due to the interaction of environmental and occupational risk factors, individual...
Respiratory diseases of infectious, allergic, neoplastic or degenerative origin are due to the interaction of environmental and occupational risk factors, individual susceptibility and other co-factors and comorbidities. Asthma and other respiratory pathologies can be worsened by climate change and exposure to other agents in occupational environments. PubMed and Scopus, and several websites on public and occupational health were queried to find publications and documents on work-related respiratory diseases, asthma, rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumoconiosis and allergic alveolitis in association with climate change. Most of the retrieved articles concerned asthma (75 in Scopus), while the other topics were less frequently covered in the scientific literature, with a maximum of 29 papers for rhinitis and 23 for COPD. The most important terms highlighted by the word clouds were 'health', 'air', 'pollution', and, only for asthma and rhinitis, 'pollen' and 'allergic/allergy'. Website data on public and occupational health, and climate change were reported. Assessment and management of respiratory diseases that recognise occupational exposures should be improved, and more research into integrated approaches should be favoured. Health surveillance practices for workers exposed to agents that cause respiratory diseases should be implemented. The development of biomarkers of exposure, effect and susceptibility needs further study.
Topics: Humans; Rhinitis; Climate Change; Asthma; Hypersensitivity; Respiration Disorders; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Respiratory Tract Diseases
PubMed: 37880894
DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.23.0131 -
The British Journal of General Practice... Jan 2019
Observational Study
Topics: Air Pollution; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Respiration Disorders; Smoking; United Kingdom; Vaping
PubMed: 30591592
DOI: 10.3399/bjgp19X700301 -
Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official... May 2023
Topics: Humans; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Smoking; Respiration Disorders
PubMed: 36812216
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad029 -
Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine Aug 2020Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a widespread condition with a significant impact on the quality of life and healthcare resources. In addition to its... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a widespread condition with a significant impact on the quality of life and healthcare resources. In addition to its gastrointestinal problems, GERD has been linked to a variety of respiratory diseases either as a direct cause, or as a risk factor to the inability to control or worsening of the disease.
AREAS COVERED
We performed a literature search in the PubMed database for articles addressing GERD and pulmonary diseases. This review will discuss several different pulmonary diseases affected by GERD ranging from upper airway including chronic cough, vocal cord dysfunction, lower airway diseases including COPD, asthma, and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome to parenchymal diseases such as interstitial lung diseases. The review will discuss several different pulmonary manifestations of GERD and their contribution to patient mortality and morbidity. It will also review the mechanisms leading to these diseases, diagnostic workup, and the role of the available treatment options.
EXPERT OPINION
GERD is often overlooked as a cause of respiratory symptoms and illnesses. The literature is sparse on the relation between GERD and respiratory diseases such as interstitial lung diseases and bronchiolitis obliterans including its role in pathogenesis, mechanisms of lung injury, and whether treatment of GERD is effective in managing such illnesses.
Topics: Asthma; Chronic Disease; Cough; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Risk Factors; Vocal Cord Dysfunction
PubMed: 32308062
DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1758068 -
Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin... Nov 2023Breathing disorders in children are one of the most common challenges for both parents and physicians. The first step should always consist of the initial clinical... (Review)
Review
Breathing disorders in children are one of the most common challenges for both parents and physicians. The first step should always consist of the initial clinical assessment concerning the potentially critically ill patient. Using the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT), the rapid evaluation of airway and breathing is crucial. Although the etiology of pediatric breathing disorders is manifold, we would like to focus on common diagnoses. Based on the three leading symptoms stridor, wheeze, and tachypnea, the most important diseases of pediatric patients are presented and initial treatment steps are discussed. We target crucial, life-saving, basic medical procedures that should be mastered and performed in and also outside of specialized centers or pediatric units.
Topics: Child; Humans; Respiratory Sounds; Respiration Disorders
PubMed: 37316572
DOI: 10.1007/s00063-023-01029-4 -
Physiological Research Mar 2020Parkinson's disease (PD) is most commonly manifested by the presence of motor symptoms. However, non-motor symptoms occur several years before the onset of motor... (Review)
Review
Parkinson's disease (PD) is most commonly manifested by the presence of motor symptoms. However, non-motor symptoms occur several years before the onset of motor symptoms themselves. Hallmarks of dysfunction of the respiratory system are still outside the main focus of interest, whether by clinicians or scientists, despite their indisputable contribution to the morbidity and mortality of patients suffering from PD. In addition, many of the respiratory symptoms are already present in the early stages of the disease and efforts to utilize these parameters in the early diagnosis of PD are now intensifying. Mechanisms that lead to the development and progression of respiratory symptoms are only partially understood. This review focuses mainly on the comparison of respiratory problems observed in clinical studies with available findings obtained from experimental animal models. It also explains pathological changes observed in non-neuronal tissues in subjects with PD.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Parkinson Disease; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Mechanics
PubMed: 32228013
DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934405 -
CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug... 2015It is our aim to elaborate on the new developments in regard to the respiratory subtype (RS) of panic disorder (PD) since it was first described. We will present... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
It is our aim to elaborate on the new developments in regard to the respiratory subtype (RS) of panic disorder (PD) since it was first described. We will present psychopathological features, diagnostic criteria, genetic and physiopathological hypotheses, as well as therapeutic and prognostic characteristics.
METHOD
Two searches were performed in the Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge (http://wokinfo.com/): 1 - search terms: "panic disorder" AND ("respiratory symptom" OR "respiratory symptoms" OR "respiratory subtype" OR "respiratory panic" OR "cardiorespiratory"); 2 - all articles citing Briggs and colleagues' 1993 article "Subtyping of Panic Disorder by Symptom Profile" (Br J Psychiatry 1993;163: 201-9). Only those articles involving human subjects and written English were included.
RESULTS
In comparison with patients of the non-respiratory subtype (NRS), RS patients showed greater familial history of PD, and higher comorbidity rates for anxiety disorders and depressive disorders. These patients were also more sensitive to CO2, hyperventilation and caffeine.
CONCLUSION
Certain characteristics, such as heightened sensitivity to CO2 and the higher incidence of a family history of PD, clearly distinguished the Respiratory Subtype patients from the Non-Respiratory. Nonetheless, some studies failed to demonstrate differential responses to pharmacological treatment and CBT across the subtypes. RS patients seem to respond faster than NRS to pharmacological treatment with antidepressants and benzodiazepines, but more studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Benzodiazepines; Databases, Bibliographic; Humans; Panic Disorder; Respiration Disorders
PubMed: 25924997
DOI: 10.2174/1871527314666150430163142 -
Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia :... Feb 2019Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is a respiratory condition characterized by irregular breathing patterns that occur either in the absence of concurrent diseases or... (Review)
Review
Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is a respiratory condition characterized by irregular breathing patterns that occur either in the absence of concurrent diseases or secondary to cardiopulmonary diseases. Although the primary symptom is often dyspnea or "air hunger", DB is also associated with nonrespiratory symptoms such as dizziness and palpitations. DB has been identified across all ages. Its prevalence among adults in primary care in the United Kingdom is approximately 9.5%. In addition, among individuals with asthma, a positive diagnosis of DB is found in a third of women and a fifth of men. Although DB has been investigated for decades, it remains poorly understood because of a paucity of high-quality clinical trials and validated outcome measures specific to this population. Accordingly, DB is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, given the similarity of its associated symptoms (dyspnea, tachycardia, and dizziness) to those of other common cardiopulmonary diseases such as COPD and asthma. The high rates of misdiagnosis of DB suggest that health care professionals do not fully understand this condition and may therefore fail to provide patients with an appropriate treatment. Given the multifarious, psychophysiological nature of DB, a holistic, multidimensional assessment would seem the most appropriate way to enhance understanding and diagnostic accuracy. The present narrative review was developed as a means of summarizing the available evidence about DB, as well as improving understanding of the condition by researchers and practitioners.
Topics: Exercise Tolerance; Heart; Humans; Hyperventilation; Lung; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Muscles
PubMed: 30758427
DOI: 10.1590/1806-3713/e20170347 -
Current Opinion in Supportive and... Sep 2020Frailty is a multidimensional syndrome associated with increased risk of poor outcomes. It is estimated that at least one in five people with chronic respiratory disease... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Frailty is a multidimensional syndrome associated with increased risk of poor outcomes. It is estimated that at least one in five people with chronic respiratory disease is also living with frailty. In this review, we consider recent advances in how frailty can be recognized, and its associated impact on people with chronic respiratory disease. We then discuss advances in supportive and palliative care for those with both chronic respiratory disease and frailty.
RECENT FINDINGS
The interconnectedness of chronic respiratory disease and frailty is being better understood. An increasing number of factors associated with frailty in respiratory disease have been identified, from increased symptom burden (e.g. breathlessness, fatigue) to increased exacerbations and higher mortality. These contribute to accumulating multidimensional losses in reserve, and unpredictable health. Recent advances in respiratory research, while not always with people with frailty, may inform supportive and palliative care to address frailty in chronic respiratory disease. These include rehabilitation interventions to strengthen reserves, advance care planning interventions to help manage unpredictable trajectories, and integrated models of care (e.g. incorporating respiratory, geriatric, and palliative care) to address multidimensional needs.
SUMMARY
Recent evidence supporting the role of rehabilitation, advance care planning, and early palliative care, may be of benefit to people living with chronic respiratory disease and frailty. Models showing integration across multiple specialities and professionals may have the most potential to meet the multidimensional needs of this group. Future research should develop and test models of care that address frailty and/or explore the role of frailty in triggering integrated multidisciplinary input.
Topics: Advance Care Planning; Chronic Disease; Frailty; Humans; Palliative Care; Respiration Disorders; Severity of Illness Index; Systems Integration
PubMed: 32740274
DOI: 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000523