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Physiological Measurement Sep 2019An evaluation of the location of the photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor for respiratory rate estimation is performed.
OBJECTIVE
An evaluation of the location of the photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor for respiratory rate estimation is performed.
APPROACH
Finger PPG, forehead PPG, and respiratory signal were simultaneously recorded from 35 subjects while breathing spontaneously, and during controlled respiration experiments at a constant rate from 0.1 Hz to 0.6 Hz, in 0.1 Hz steps. Four PPG-derived respiratory (PDR) signals were extracted from each one of the recorded PPG signals: pulse rate variability (PRV), pulse width variability, pulse amplitude variability and the respiratory-induced intensity variability (RIIV). Respiratory rate was estimated from each one of the four PDR signals for both PPG sensor locations. In addition, different combinations of PDR signals, power distribution of the respiratory frequency range and differences of the morphological parameters extracted from both PPG signals have been analysed.
MAIN RESULTS
Results show better performance in terms of successful estimation and relative error when: (i) PPG signal is recorded in the finger; (ii) the respiratory rate is less than 0.4 Hz; (iii) RIIV signal is not considered. Furthermore, lower spectral power around the respiratory rate in the PDR signals recorded from the forehead was observed.
SIGNIFICANCE
These results suggest that respiratory rate estimation is better at lower rates (0.4 Hz and below) and that the finger is better than the forehead to estimate respiratory rate.
Topics: Adult; Female; Fingers; Forehead; Humans; Male; Photoplethysmography; Respiratory Rate; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 31422948
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab3be0 -
Anesthesiology Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Lung Injury; Respiratory Rate
PubMed: 36880786
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004502 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021There is considerable interest in the noncontact monitoring of patients as it allows for reduced restriction of patients, the avoidance of single-use consumables and... (Review)
Review
There is considerable interest in the noncontact monitoring of patients as it allows for reduced restriction of patients, the avoidance of single-use consumables and less patient-clinician contact and hence the reduction of the spread of disease. A technology that has come to the fore for noncontact respiratory monitoring is that based on depth sensing camera systems. This has great potential for the monitoring of a range of respiratory information including the provision of a respiratory waveform, the calculation of respiratory rate and tidal volume (and hence minute volume). Respiratory patterns and apneas can also be observed in the signal. Here we review the ability of this method to provide accurate and clinically useful respiratory information.
Topics: Humans; Monitoring, Physiologic; Respiratory Rate; Tidal Volume
PubMed: 33561970
DOI: 10.3390/s21041135 -
British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen... Jul 2023Growing evidence points to respiratory rate (RR) being the most important vital sign for early detection of patient deterioration. However, RR is the vital sign most...
BACKGROUND
Growing evidence points to respiratory rate (RR) being the most important vital sign for early detection of patient deterioration. However, RR is the vital sign most likely to be inaccurate or missed.
AIMS
To measure prevalence of early detection of deterioration protocols, examine whether RR was perceived as the leading indicator of deterioration, and understand RR monitoring practices used by nurses around the world.
METHODS
A double-blinded survey of nurses in Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Western Europe.
FINDINGS
161 nurses responded. Most (80%) reported having an initiative for early detection of patient deterioration; 12% indicated RR was the most important indicator of deterioration, 27% captured RR for all medical/surgical patients, and 56% take 60 seconds or longer to measure RR.
CONCLUSION
Nurses across all regions generally underestimated the importance of capturing an accurate RR for all patients' multiple times per day. This study reinforces the need to enhance international nursing education regarding the importance of RR.
Topics: Humans; Respiratory Rate; Vital Signs; Monitoring, Physiologic; Surveys and Questionnaires; Early Diagnosis
PubMed: 37410682
DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2023.32.13.620 -
BMJ Open Dec 2022Patient monitoring in general wards primarily involves intermittent observation of temperature, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and blood pressure performed by...
OBJECTIVE
Patient monitoring in general wards primarily involves intermittent observation of temperature, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and blood pressure performed by the nursing staff. Several hours can lapse between such measurements, and the patient may go unobserved. Despite the growing widespread use of sensors to monitor vital signs and physical activities of healthy individuals, most acutely ill hospitalised patients remain unmonitored, leaving them at an increased risk. We investigated whether a contactless monitoring system could measure vital parameters, such as HR and RR, in a real-world hospital setting.
DESIGN
A cross-sectional prospective study.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
We examined the suitability of employing a non-contact monitoring system in a low-acuity setup at a tertiary care hospital in India. Measurements were performed on 158 subjects, with data acquired through contactless monitoring from the general ward and dialysis unit.
OUTCOME MEASURES
Vital parameters (RR and HR) were measured using a video camera in a non-acuity setting.
RESULTS
Three distinct combinations of contactless monitoring afforded excellent accuracy. Contactless RR monitoring was linearly correlated with Alice NightOne and manual counts, presenting coefficients of determination of 0.88 and 0.90, respectively. Contactless HR monitoring presented a coefficient of determination of 0.91. The mean absolute errors were 0.84 and 2.15 beats per minute for RR and HR, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with existing Food and Drug Administration-approved monitors, the findings of the present study revealed that contactless monitoring of RR and HR accurately represented study populations in non-acuity settings. Contactless video monitoring is an unobtrusive and dependable method for monitoring and recording RR and HR. Further research is needed to validate its dependability and utility in other settings, including acute care.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
CTRI/2018/11/016246.
Topics: Humans; Heart Rate; Respiratory Rate; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies; Renal Dialysis; Monitoring, Physiologic
PubMed: 36564107
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065790 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) are two vital parameters of the body medically used for diagnosing short/long-term illness. Out-of-the-body, non-skin-contact...
Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) are two vital parameters of the body medically used for diagnosing short/long-term illness. Out-of-the-body, non-skin-contact HR/RR measurement remains a challenge due to imprecise readings. "Invisible" wearables integrated into day-to-day garments have the potential to produce precise readings with a comfortable user experience. Sleep studies and patient monitoring benefit from "Invisibles" due to longer wearability without significant discomfort. This paper suggests a novel method to reduce the footprint of sleep monitoring devices. We use a single silver-coated nylon fabric band integrated into a substrate of a standard cotton/nylon garment as a resistive elastomer sensor to measure air and blood volume change across the chest. We introduce a novel event-based architecture to process data at the edge device and describe two algorithms to calculate real-time HR/RR on ARM Cortex-M3 and Cortex-M4F microcontrollers. RR estimations show a sensitivity of 99.03% and a precision of 99.03% for identifying individual respiratory peaks. The two algorithms used for HR calculation show a mean absolute error of 0.81 ± 0.97 and 0.86±0.61 beats/min compared with a gold standard ECG-based HR. The event-based algorithm converts the respiratory/pulse waveform into instantaneous events, therefore reducing the data size by 40-140 times and requiring 33% less power to process and transfer data. Furthermore, we show that events hold enough information to reconstruct the original waveform, retaining pulse and respiratory activity. We suggest fabric sensors and event-based algorithms would drastically reduce the device footprint and increase the performance for HR/RR estimations during sleep studies, providing a better user experience.
Topics: Heart Rate; Humans; Nylons; Polysomnography; Respiratory Rate; Sleep
PubMed: 36081149
DOI: 10.3390/s22176689 -
Annual International Conference of the... Jul 2023Contactless vital sign monitoring is more demanding for long-term, continuous, and unobtrusive measurements. Camera-based respiratory monitoring is receiving growing...
Contactless vital sign monitoring is more demanding for long-term, continuous, and unobtrusive measurements. Camera-based respiratory monitoring is receiving growing interest with advanced video technologies and computational power. The volume variations of the lungs for airflow changes create a periodic movement of the torso, but identifying the torso is more challenging than face detection in a video. In this paper, we present a unique approach to monitoring respiratory rate (RR) and breathing absence by leveraging head movements alone from an RGB video because respiratory motion also influences the head. Besides our novel RR estimation, an independent algorithm for breathing absence detection using signal feature extraction and machine learning techniques identifies an apnea event and improves overall RR estimation accuracy. The proposed approach was evaluated using videos from 30 healthy subjects who performed various breathing tasks. The breathing absence detector had 0.87 F1 score, 0.9 sensitivity, and 0.85 specificity. The accuracy of spontaneous breathing rate estimation increased from 2.46 to 1.91 bpm MAE and 3.54 to 2.7 bpm RMSE when combining the breathing absence result with the estimated RR.Clinical relevance- Our contactless respiratory monitoring can utilize a consumer RGB camera to offer a significant benefit in continuous monitoring of neonatal monitoring, sleep monitoring, telemedicine or telehealth, home fitness with mild physical movement, and emotion detection in the clinic and remote locations.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Respiratory Rate; Head Movements; Respiration; Monitoring, Physiologic; Algorithms
PubMed: 38082888
DOI: 10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340590 -
Advances in Respiratory Medicine Aug 2022Advances in Respiratory Medicine (ARM) is the journal of the Polish Respiratory Society [...].
Advances in Respiratory Medicine (ARM) is the journal of the Polish Respiratory Society [...].
Topics: Humans; Poland; Pulmonary Medicine; Respiratory Rate; Societies, Medical
PubMed: 36004960
DOI: 10.3390/arm90040040 -
Physiological Measurement May 2021. Measurement of respiratory rate and effort is useful in various applications, such as the diagnosis of sleep apnea and early detection of patient deterioration in...
. Measurement of respiratory rate and effort is useful in various applications, such as the diagnosis of sleep apnea and early detection of patient deterioration in medical conditions, such as infections. A chest-worn accelerometer may be an easy and non-intrusive method, provided it is accurate and robust. We investigate the use of a novel method that can perform under realistic sleeping conditions such as variable sensor positions and body posture.. Twenty subjects (aged 46-65 years) wore an accelerometer on the chest and a respiratory impedance plethysmography band as a reference. The subjects underwent an experimental protocol lasting approximately 90 min, under various postures and with different sensor positions. We used a novel, constrained, and recursive form of principal component analysis (PCA) to estimate the respiratory effort signal robustly. To obtain an estimate for the respiratory rate, first, multiple estimates were aggregated into a single frequency. Subsequently, a quality index was determined, such that unreliable estimates could be identified, and a trade-off could be made between coverage (percentage of time that the quality index is above a threshold) and limits of agreement.. Results were determined over all recorded data, including changes in sensor position and posture. For respiratory effort, it was found that recursive and constrained computation of PCA reduced the estimation error significantly. For respiratory rate, a relation between coverage and limits of agreement was determined. If a minimum coverage of 80% was required, the limits of agreement could be kept below 1.45 breaths per minute. If the limits of agreement were constrained to 0.2 breaths per minute, a mean coverage of 5% was still attainable.. We have shown that chest-worn accelerometery can be a robust and accurate method for measurement of respiratory features under realistic conditions.
Topics: Accelerometry; Humans; Principal Component Analysis; Respiratory Rate; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Thorax
PubMed: 33739305
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abf01f -
Intensive Care Medicine Dec 2016
Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Desipramine; Drug Overdose; Female; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Middle Aged; Respiratory Rate; Tachypnea; Tardive Dyskinesia
PubMed: 27699455
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-016-4555-5