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Radiologic Clinics of North America Sep 2021Hematologic malignancies are a broad category of cancers arising from the lymphoid and myeloid cell lines. The 2016 World Health Organization classification system... (Review)
Review
Hematologic malignancies are a broad category of cancers arising from the lymphoid and myeloid cell lines. The 2016 World Health Organization classification system incorporated molecular markers as part of the diagnostic criteria and includes more than 100 subtypes. This article focuses on the subtypes for which imaging with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has become an integral component of the patient's evaluation, that is, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Leukemia and histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms are also discussed as these indications for PET/CT are less common, but increasingly seen in clinic.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 34392914
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2021.05.003 -
Medical Oncology (Northwood, London,... Nov 2019Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents a major complication of cancer and its treatment, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. The appropriate choice of... (Review)
Review
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents a major complication of cancer and its treatment, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. The appropriate choice of thromboprophylaxis method and duration is, therefore, of utmost importance. We conducted an extensive review of the literature concerning VTE in patients undergoing surgery for urological cancers. Special attention was paid to risk factors, different types of surgery (transurethral, pelvic, abdominal-open, laparoscopic and robot-assisted) and different medications used (heparins, vitamin K antagonists and new oral anticoagulants). Original papers, reviews and guidelines were identified in Medline database. The available data were then summarised for the purpose of this article. Venous thromboprophylaxis is obligatory in urological cancer patients undergoing surgical treatment. Unless individual contraindications are recognised, the available guidelines should be followed. The variety of clinical scenarios and patients' comorbidities necessitate cooperation with other specialists (cardiologists, neurologists, etc.) in choosing the optimal management. Thrombosis risk must be carefully weighed against bleeding risk.
Topics: Anticoagulants; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Urologic Neoplasms; Urologic Surgical Procedures; Venous Thromboembolism
PubMed: 31768889
DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1331-8 -
Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden :... Jun 2016
Topics: Female; History, 20th Century; Humans; Leiomyoma; Menorrhagia; Radiotherapy; Radium; Uterine Neoplasms; X-Rays
PubMed: 27161154
DOI: 10.1177/0284185116639839 -
Research in Microbiology 2020
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Metals
PubMed: 31811938
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2019.11.003 -
Journal of the American College of... Nov 2021This review summarizes the relevant literature for the selection of the initial imaging in 4 clinical scenarios in patients with suspected inflammatory disease or... (Review)
Review
This review summarizes the relevant literature for the selection of the initial imaging in 4 clinical scenarios in patients with suspected inflammatory disease or postoperative complication of the anorectum. These clinical scenarios include suspected perianal fistula or abscess; rectovesicular or rectovaginal fistula; proctitis or pouchitis; and suspected complication following proctectomy, coloproctectomy, or colectomy with a pouch or other anastomosis. The appropriateness of imaging modalities as they apply to each clinical scenario is rated as usually appropriate, may be appropriate, and usually not appropriate to assist the selection of the most appropriate imaging modality in the corresponding clinical scenarios of anorectal disease. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Rectal Diseases; Societies, Medical; United States
PubMed: 34794588
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2021.08.009 -
AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology Dec 2015In April 2015, the American Roentgen Ray Society and the American Society of Neuroradiology cosponsored a unique program designed to evaluate the state of the art in the... (Review)
Review
In April 2015, the American Roentgen Ray Society and the American Society of Neuroradiology cosponsored a unique program designed to evaluate the state of the art in the imaging work-up of acute stroke. This topic has grown in importance because of the recent randomized controlled trials demonstrating the clear efficacy of endovascular stroke treatment. The authors, who were participants in that symposium, will highlight the points of emphasis in this article.
Topics: Embolectomy; Endovascular Procedures; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Stroke; Thrombolytic Therapy
PubMed: 26427831
DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A4530 -
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 2020Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy contributes a major clinical service with consistently growing demand around the world. Its utility corresponds to varying... (Review)
Review
Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy contributes a major clinical service with consistently growing demand around the world. Its utility corresponds to varying epidemiological issues throughout the globe, with cancer screening and surveillance being of the utmost priority. Despite high accuracy in neoplasia detection, UGI endoscopy remains a highly operator-dependent procedure, characterized by a substantial rate of missed pathology. Despite an overall lack of high-quality performance measures, there is an increased level of awareness about the need for quality control of this procedure, which is reflected in several guidelines and position statements published in recent years. It is widely recognized that quality assessment should go beyond mere technical aspects of the examination, and include both pre- and post-procedural factors. By this means, quality control encompasses the entire patient experience with the health care provider, from appropriate indication and physical assessment, through high-quality endoscopy service, to appropriate follow up and patient satisfaction. This article aims to review the available and emerging quality metrics for UGI endoscopy, taken mostly from Western endoscopy societies, with references to Asian recommendations where appropriate. The paper is limited solely to diagnostic UGI endoscopy and does not include performance measures for therapeutic procedures.
PubMed: 32477426
DOI: 10.1177/1756284820916693 -
Human & Experimental Toxicology Aug 2019During the early part of the past century, hundreds of clinical studies involving more than 37,000 patients were conducted that showed radiotherapy (RT) to be a... (Review)
Review
During the early part of the past century, hundreds of clinical studies involving more than 37,000 patients were conducted that showed radiotherapy (RT) to be a successful and safe alternative to drug therapy for the treatment of many diverse inflammatory conditions and diseases (e.g. tendonitis, bursitis, arthritis, and serious inflammatory lung conditions). Data from these studies were collected and analyzed with the intent of estimating an optimal dosing range for RT that would induce an efficacious treatment response. RT was reported to be frequently effective after only a single treatment, with a rapid (within 24 h) and often long-lasting (from months to years) relief from symptoms. Over a two-decade span from the 1920s to the 1940s, the therapeutic responses to a single RT treatment consistently improved as the dosing for multiple ailments decreased over time to between 30 roentgen (r) and 100 r. These findings are significant and in agreement with a number of contemporary reports from Germany where RT has been commonly and successfully employed in treating ailments with an inflammatory origin. A proposed mechanism by which RT mitigates inflammation and facilitates healing is via the polarization of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory or M2 phenotype.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Inflammation; Macrophages; Radiation Dosage
PubMed: 31060383
DOI: 10.1177/0960327119846925 -
Nucleic Acids Research Feb 2023tRNAs are key partners in ribosome-dependent protein synthesis. This process is highly dependent on the fidelity of tRNA aminoacylation by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and... (Review)
Review
tRNAs are key partners in ribosome-dependent protein synthesis. This process is highly dependent on the fidelity of tRNA aminoacylation by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and relies primarily on sets of identities within tRNA molecules composed of determinants and antideterminants preventing mischarging by non-cognate synthetases. Such identity sets were discovered in the tRNAs of a few model organisms, and their properties were generalized as universal identity rules. Since then, the panel of identity elements governing the accuracy of tRNA aminoacylation has expanded considerably, but the increasing number of reported functional idiosyncrasies has led to some confusion. In parallel, the description of other processes involving tRNAs, often well beyond aminoacylation, has progressed considerably, greatly expanding their interactome and uncovering multiple novel identities on the same tRNA molecule. This review highlights key findings on the mechanistics and evolution of tRNA and tRNA-like identities. In addition, new methods and their results for searching sets of multiple identities on a single tRNA are discussed. Taken together, this knowledge shows that a comprehensive understanding of the functional role of individual and collective nucleotide identity sets in tRNA molecules is needed for medical, biotechnological and other applications.
Topics: Aminoacylation; Transfer RNA Aminoacylation; Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; Biotechnology; RNA, Transfer
PubMed: 36744444
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad007 -
Radiologia 2020On March 2, 1896, the local press in Malaga reported the discovery of X-rays, relating various news items about the use of X-rays and literature about Roentgen's...
On March 2, 1896, the local press in Malaga reported the discovery of X-rays, relating various news items about the use of X-rays and literature about Roentgen's discovery by journalists and other authors. Outstanding among these writings was a periodical directed at the administration and general public called Los Rayos X. Progressively, the first X-ray machines were installed in hospitals during this period, and the first installation in a private medical clinic took place in 1900. In Malaga, the assimilation and progression of the diagnostic and therapeutic use of radiology was slow and affected by peculiarities owing to the social, economic, and cultural circumstances of the period. Influential physicians willing to overcome resistance to advances were able to bring medical practice in Malaga to a level similar to that of other cities.
Topics: History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Newspapers as Topic; Radiology; Spain; X-Rays
PubMed: 31776001
DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2019.10.001