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Molecular Cytogenetics Nov 2023Richter transformation (RT) is the development of aggressive lymphoma in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). This rare...
BACKGROUND
Richter transformation (RT) is the development of aggressive lymphoma in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). This rare disease is characterised by dismal prognosis. In recent years, there has been a deeper understanding of RT molecular pathogenesis, and disruptions of apoptosis (TP53) and proliferation (CDKN2A, MYC, NOTCH1) has been described as typical aberrations in RT.
RESULTS
A single-institution cohort of 33 RT patients were investigated by karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphism/copy number (CN) arrays. Most of RTs were typically manifested by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, among the remaining cases one was classified as high-grade B-cell lymphoma with 11q aberrations. The most frequent alterations (40-60% of cases) were represented by MYC rearrangement/gain, deletions of TP53 and CDKN2A, IGH rearrangement and 13q14 deletion. Several other frequent lesions included losses of 14q24.1-q32.33, 7q31.33-q36.3, and gain of 5q35.2. Analysis of 13 CLL/SLL-RT pairs showed that RT arised from the CLL/SLL by acquiring of 10 ~ 12 cytogenetic or CN lesions/case, but without acquisition of loss of heterozygosity regions. Our result affirmed the higher genetic complexity in RT than CLL/SLL and confirmed the linear features of RT clonal evolution as predominant.
CONCLUSIONS
Cytogenomic profile was concordant with the literature data, however the role of IGH rearrangement, 14q deletion and 5q35.2 gain need to be explored. We anticipate that further characterization of RT lesions will probably facilitate better understanding of the RT clonal evolution.
PubMed: 37941034
DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00662-0 -
Radiology Nov 2014A matter of months after Roentgen's landmark discovery in 1895, Roentgen's rays were focused on diseases and disorders of the urinary tract, specifically the kidney. At... (Review)
Review
A matter of months after Roentgen's landmark discovery in 1895, Roentgen's rays were focused on diseases and disorders of the urinary tract, specifically the kidney. At the dawn of the 20th century, urologists in the United States and around the world quickly recognized that by using a variety of metal stylets and radiopaque contrast agents, such as silver salts, the upper urinary tract, namely the ureter, pelvis, and calyces, could be depicted with radiography. Renal cysts and tumors were diagnosed on the basis of deformities in the kidney. Retrograde pyelography dominated the imaging evaluation of the kidney until the discovery of a safe intravenous method for urinary tract imaging (ie, intravenous pyelography). Pioneers and pathfinders in the field of contrast media development and radiologic procedures helped give radiologists the lead role in the work-up of renal masses, an area where urologists once held forth. The subspecialty of uroradiology was born in the middle of the 20th century. Intravenous urography, nephrotomography, and diagnostic angiography with pharmacologic manipulation followed by cyst or mass puncture and biopsy yielded unrivaled specificity for the diagnosis and staging of benign and malignant renal masses. The advent of cross-sectional and multiplanar imaging and the profound effects they had and continue to have on the discovery and characterization of renal masses has been detailed in the pages of Radiology since the 1920s. Ultrasonography, nuclear imaging, computed tomographic scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography each have made a claim to a part of the imaging algorithm of modern uroradiologic practice.
Topics: Angiography; Contrast Media; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiology; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Urography
PubMed: 25340433
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14140733 -
Annals of Surgical Oncology May 2023
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 36763289
DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-13107-0 -
Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal Oct 2018Today medical imaging is an essential component of the entire health-care continuum, from wellness and screening, to early diagnosis, treatment selection, and follow-up.... (Review)
Review
Today medical imaging is an essential component of the entire health-care continuum, from wellness and screening, to early diagnosis, treatment selection, and follow-up. Patient triage in both acute care and chronic disease, imaging-guided interventions, and optimization of treatment planning are now integrated into routine clinical practice in all subspecialties. This paper provides a brief review of major milestones in medical imaging from its inception to date, with a few considerations regarding future directions in this important field.
PubMed: 30309440
DOI: 10.5041/RMMJ.10355 -
Foot & Ankle International May 2022Mixed results for functional outcomes and long-term fixation have been reported for first metatarsophalangeal arthroplasty. This prospective study was designed to...
BACKGROUND
Mixed results for functional outcomes and long-term fixation have been reported for first metatarsophalangeal arthroplasty. This prospective study was designed to evaluate the migration of the BioPro metatarsophalangeal-1 (MTP-1) joint hemiprosthesis with Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA). Migration patterns of the prosthesis, prosthesis-induced erosion of the metatarsal bone, and clinical outcomes were evaluated sequentially to 5 years postoperation (PO).
METHODS
Eleven female patients received the BioPro-1 hemiprosthesis. Prosthesis translation and metatarsal erosion were measured with RSA at immediately PO, 6 weeks, and 3, 6, 12, 36, and 60 months postoperatively. Clinical assessment was done by patient questionnaires.
RESULTS
RSA data of 9 patients were available for analysis. Median (range) number of markers used in RSA analysis, condition number, and mean error of markers around the prosthesis were 4 (3-7), 320 (208-862), and 0.13 (0.02-0.28), respectively. Progressive subsidence was seen up to 3 years PO (mean 2.1 mm, SE 0.32). Progressive metatarsal erosion was found from 1 year PO (mean 0.49 mm, SE 0.15). Pain, function, and quality scores improved after surgery and did not deteriorate at later follow-up moments.
CONCLUSION
Model-based RSA of the BioPro-1 prosthesis shows nonstabilizing medial and distal translation and metatarsal erosion. Despite the measured migration and erosion, clinical outcomes improved and remained similar up to 5 years postoperation.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level II, prospective analysis of MTP-1 hemiprosthesis.
Topics: Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hallux Rigidus; Hemiarthroplasty; Humans; Metatarsal Bones; Metatarsophalangeal Joint; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34962173
DOI: 10.1177/10711007211061366 -
Clinical & Experimental Metastasis Aug 2018Radiation therapy continues to play an important role in the management of cancer. In this review, we discuss the use of radiation therapy to target and control... (Review)
Review
Radiation therapy continues to play an important role in the management of cancer. In this review, we discuss the use of radiation therapy to target and control micrometastatic disease (adjuvant use of radiation), or using stereotactic radiation therapy to address small volumes of gross disease, such as oligometastases, and finally the use of radiation therapy in the era of immunotherapy. Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat nodal basins suspected of harboring microscopic disease. More recently, computer and technical innovations have allowed radiation oncologists to treat small volumes of gross disease within the brain and also in the body with great success, adding to the cancer armamentarium. This modality of cancer treatment that began shortly after the discovery of X-rays by William Roentgen continues to evolve and finds new clinical applications which minimize toxicity while increasing effectiveness. The newly discovered interactions of high dose/fraction radiation (stereotactic radiosurgery) with immune check point inhibitors in melanoma is the latest example of how synergism can be achieved between two different modalities thus increasing the therapeutic ratio to control metastatic cancer.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Melanoma; Neoplasm Micrometastasis; Radiosurgery
PubMed: 30062507
DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9926-6 -
Juntendo Iji Zasshi = Juntendo Medical... 2022The evolution of radiological technology is one of the most remarkable events of modern medical technology. Radiological examination has resulted in non-invasive,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The evolution of radiological technology is one of the most remarkable events of modern medical technology. Radiological examination has resulted in non-invasive, individual diagnostic imaging, which has contributed significantly to successful medical treatment of patients.
KEY CONCEPTS
This review summarizes past and current Japanese educational systems for radiological technologists with a historical perspective focusing on three periods. The first period begins with Roentgen's discovery of X-rays (1895), the second period begins with the establishment of the Radiological X-ray Technologist Act (1951), and the third period begins with the launch of the first university course for radiological technologists (1987). It is conceivable that those periods are in accordance with the technological paradigm shifts, including the development of contrast radiography and the application of CT and MRI to clinical practice. To maintain awareness of the most recent available technologies and maximize safety, educational programs teaching the latest knowledge were offered during each period.
CONCLUSIONS
The advanced technologies require highly skilled radiological technologists and highly established educational systems. At present, over 70% of Japanese educational programs for radiological technologists are university courses leading to a bachelor's degree. The increasing globalization of radiological technology requires future radiological education systems to have a global perspective.
PubMed: 38911006
DOI: 10.14789/jmj.JMJ21-0028-R -
Biochimie Dec 2022The objective of the present review is to provide an insight into modifications of microbial cell walls and membrane constituents by using the aminoacyl-tRNA as amino... (Review)
Review
The objective of the present review is to provide an insight into modifications of microbial cell walls and membrane constituents by using the aminoacyl-tRNA as amino acid donor. In bacteria, phospholipids are modified by Multiple peptide resistance Factor enzymes and peptidoglycan precursors by so called fem ligases. Although these modifications were thought to be restricted to procaryotes, we discovered enzymes that modify ergosterol (the main component of fungal membrane) with glycine and aspartate. The focus of this review is to present the molecular mechanisms underlying all these processes together with the structure of the enzymes and their substrates. This article also reviews how substrates are recognized and modified and how the products are subsequently exported in various organisms. Finally, the physiological outcome and the discoveries of each family of enzymes is also discussed.
Topics: Amino Acids; RNA, Transfer; Cell Wall; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl; Peptidoglycan; Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases
PubMed: 36184002
DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.017 -
Philosophical Transactions. Series A,... May 2023Prediction has a central role in the foundations of Bayesian statistics and is now the main focus in many areas of machine learning, in contrast to the more classical... (Review)
Review
Prediction has a central role in the foundations of Bayesian statistics and is now the main focus in many areas of machine learning, in contrast to the more classical focus on inference. We discuss that, in the basic setting of random sampling-that is, in the Bayesian approach, exchangeability-uncertainty expressed by the posterior distribution and credible intervals can indeed be understood in terms of prediction. The posterior law on the unknown distribution is centred on the predictive distribution and we prove that it is marginally asymptotically Gaussian with variance depending on the , i.e. on how the predictive rule incorporates information as new observations become available. This allows to obtain asymptotic credible intervals only based on the predictive rule (without having to specify the model and the prior law), sheds light on frequentist coverage as related to the predictive learning rule, and, we believe, opens a new perspective towards a notion of that seems to call for further research. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bayesian inference: challenges, perspectives, and prospects'.
PubMed: 36970827
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0142