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Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Periodontitis is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), whether it related to gut floramicrobiota and metabonomics is unclear.
OBJECTIVES
Periodontitis is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), whether it related to gut floramicrobiota and metabonomics is unclear.
METHODS
We established ligature-induced periodontitis (EP), testosterone-induced BPH, and composite rat models. Fecal samples were collected to detect gut microbiota by 16S rDNA sequencing and metabonomics were detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
RESULTS
Sequencing results revealed differential gut floramicrobiota composition between EP+BPH group and other three groups. The abundances of were significantly increased in EP+BPH group compared with other groups. , and were significantly decreased in EP+BPH group compared with BPH group, while and Escherichia were significantly decreased compared with EP group. For gut metabonomics, LC-MS/MS showed that fecal metabolites and seven metabolic pathways were changed in EP+BPH group, such as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, steroid hormone biosynthesis. Correlation analysis showed that the alterations of gut metabolism were significantly correlated with differential gut floramicrobiota, such as and .
CONCLUSION
Our study highlights the relationship of periodontitis and BPH, the alterations of gut floramicrobiota and metabolites may be involved in two diseases, which provides new idea for prevention and treatment of patients with periodontitis concurrent BPH.
PubMed: 38163068
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1280628 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021The diagnosis of endometriosis is typically delayed by years for the unexclusive symptom and the traumatic diagnostic method. Several studies have demonstrated that gut...
The diagnosis of endometriosis is typically delayed by years for the unexclusive symptom and the traumatic diagnostic method. Several studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota and cervical mucus potentially can be used as auxiliary diagnostic biomarkers. However, none of the previous studies has compared the robustness of endometriosis classifiers based on microbiota of different body sites or demonstrated the correlation among microbiota of gut, cervical mucus, and peritoneal fluid of endometriosis, searching for alternative diagnostic approaches. Herein, we enrolled 41 women (control, n = 20; endometriosis, n = 21) and collected 122 well-matched samples, derived from feces, cervical mucus, and peritoneal fluid, to explore the nature of microbiome of endometriosis patients. Our results indicated that microbial composition is remarkably distinguished between three body sites, with 19 overlapped taxa. Moreover, endometriosis patients harbor distinct microbial communities versus control group especially in feces and peritoneal fluid, with increased abundance of pathogens in peritoneal fluid and depletion of protective microbes in feces. Particularly, genera of and were identified as potential biomarkers in gut and peritoneal fluid, respectively. Furthermore, novel endometriosis classifiers were constructed based on taxa selected by a robust machine learning method. These results demonstrated that gut microbiota exceeds cervical microbiota in diagnosing endometriosis. Collectively, this study reveals important insights into the microbial profiling in different body sites of endometriosis, which warrant future exploration into the role of microbiota in endometriosis and highlighted values on gut microbiota in early diagnosis of endometriosis.
Topics: Early Diagnosis; Endometriosis; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34950610
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.788836 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022essential oil (EOZB) as an extract of has a range of pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. However, there were no relevant...
essential oil (EOZB) as an extract of has a range of pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. However, there were no relevant studies on the regulation of gut microbes by EOZB in ruminants. In this study, the effects of different doses of EOZB on the structure and distribution of microorganisms in the small intestine of small-tailed Han sheep (STH) were investigated by 16s rRNA gene sequencing technique. We found that with the intervention of EOZB. The differential bacteria of duodenal at the phylum level were , , and , and genus level differential bacteria were , and . The differential bacteria of jejunal at the phylum level were , , and , and genus level differential bacteria were , , , , , and . The differential bacteria of ileal at the phylum level were , and , and genus level differential bacteria were , , and . In addition, at the same dose of EOZB, the five most abundant genera of bacteria varied in different regions of the small intestine. Among them, the abundance of , and in ALW group was the highest in jejunum, duodenum and ileum, respectively. The abundance of , and in BLW group was the highest in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, respectively. The abundance of , and in CLW group was the highest in jejunum, duodenum and ileum, respectively. The abundance of , and in DLW group was the highest in jejunum, duodenum and ileum, respectively. Differential bacteria formed under the regulation of EOZB are associated with the digestion and absorption of nutrients and the state of intestinal health in the host. This study is the first to investigate the effect of EOZB on the distribution and structure of bacteria in the small intestine of STH. The results of the study enriched the structure and distribution of bacteria in the small intestine of ruminants and provided new insights into the future application of herbal medicine in ruminant production. Additionally, it provides a theoretical basis for the selection of probiotic bacteria for ruminants and the development and application of microecological preparations.
PubMed: 36619991
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1062077 -
Journal of Structural Biology Sep 2021Pullulanases are glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13) enzymes that target α1,6 glucosidic linkages within starch and aid in the degradation of the α1,4- and α1,6-...
Pullulanases are glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13) enzymes that target α1,6 glucosidic linkages within starch and aid in the degradation of the α1,4- and α1,6- linked glucans pullulan, glycogen and amylopectin. The human gut bacterium Ruminococcus bromii synthesizes two extracellular pullulanases, Amy10 and Amy12, that are incorporated into the multiprotein amylosome complex that enables the digestion of granular resistant starch from the diet. Here we provide a comparative biochemical analysis of these pullulanases and the x-ray crystal structures of the wild type and the nucleophile mutant D392A of Amy12 complexed with maltoheptaose and 6-α-D glucosyl-maltotriose. While Amy10 displays higher catalytic efficiency on pullulan and cleaves only α1,6 linkages, Amy12 has some activity on α1,4 linkages suggesting that these enzymes are not redundant within the amylosome. Our structures of Amy12 include a mucin-binding protein (MucBP) domain that follows the C-domain of the GH13 fold, an atypical feature of these enzymes. The wild type Amy12 structure with maltoheptaose captured two oligosaccharides in the active site arranged as expected following catalysis of an α1,6 branch point in amylopectin. The nucleophile mutant D392A complexed with maltoheptaose or 6-α-D glucosyl-maltotriose captured β-glucose at the reducing end in the -1 subsite, facilitated by the truncation of the active site aspartate and stabilized by stacking with Y279. The core interface between the co-crystallized ligands and Amy12 occurs within the -2 through + 1 subsites, which may allow for flexible recognition of α1,6 linkages within a variety of starch structures.
Topics: Glycoside Hydrolases; Humans; Ruminococcus; Starch; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 34186214
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107765 -
Microorganisms Nov 2021Among the various parameters obtainable through the analysis of the human gut microbiota, the enterotype is one of the first classifications of the bacterial consortia,... (Review)
Review
Among the various parameters obtainable through the analysis of the human gut microbiota, the enterotype is one of the first classifications of the bacterial consortia, which tried to obtain, at the same time, as much information as possible to be applied in clinical medicine. Although some authors observed the existence not of clusters, but only of a real continuous gradient, enterotypes are commonly described according to various models. The first model predicted either clustering into enterotypes 1 and 2 based on two specific dominances, and , respectively, with the dominance blurred within the dominance, or it predicted a threedominant condition, in which the driver constituted enterotype 3, separated from enterotype 1. A second model envisaged three possible ways to cluster gut microbiota, respectively centred on two, three, and four dominances. In the first case, enterotypes 1 and 2 coincided with the two original enterotypes, with the dominance of and , respectively. In the second case, the existence of enterotype 3 was evident and whose dominance was not centred on but extended more towards the entire Firmicutes . In the third case, the presence of the Firmicutes was split into two different enterotypes generating the clusters defined and named as Mixtures 1 and 2. Subsequently, the analysis of the water content (hydration) in the stool allowed the splitting of the enterotype into two sub-enterotype, respectively known as B1 and B2. All these models have allowed us to highlight some correlations between a specific enterotype, or cluster, and some characteristics, such as the greater predisposition of the respective hosts towards certain pathologies. These observations, coupled with the attempt to derive the different microbiota on an evolutionary basis, can help to shed new light on this topic and demonstrate the possible utility that the different ways of clustering the gut microbiota can have in a clinical application perspective and in preventive medicine.
PubMed: 34835466
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112341 -
BMC Microbiology Nov 2021Accumulating evidence supports the pivotal role of intestinal flora in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Serotonin synthesis by enterochromaffin (EC) cells is influenced...
BACKGROUND
Accumulating evidence supports the pivotal role of intestinal flora in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Serotonin synthesis by enterochromaffin (EC) cells is influenced by the gut microbiota and has been reported to have an interaction with IBS. The comparison between the microbiota of the caecal and colonic mucosa in IBS has rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota, EC cells in caecum and descending colon, and diarrhoea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) symptoms.
RESULTS
A total of 22 IBS-D patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in our study. Hamilton anxiety (HAM-A) and Hamilton depression (HAM-D) grades increased significantly in IBS-D patients. In addition, the frequency of defecation in IBS-D patients was higher than that in HCs. Among the preponderant bacterial genera, the relative abundance of the Ruminococcus_torques_ group increased in IBS-D patients in caecum samples while Raoultella and Fusobacterium were less abundant. In the descending colon, the abundance of the Ruminococcus_torques_group and Dorea increased in IBS-D patients and Fusobacterium decreased. No difference was observed between the descending colon and caecum in regards to the mucosal-associated microbiota. The number of EC cells in the caecum of IBS-D patients was higher than in HCs and the expression of TPH1 was higher in IBS-D patients both in the caecum and in the descending colon both at the mRNA and protein level. Correlation analysis showed that the Ruminococcus_torques_group was positively associated with HAM-A, HAM-D, EC cell number, IBS-SSS, degree of abdominal pain, frequency of abdominal pain and frequency of defecation. The abundance of Dorea was positively associated with EC cell number, IBS-SSS, HAM-A, HAM-D and frequency of abdominal pain.
CONCLUSIONS
EC cell numbers increased in IBS-D patients and the expression of TPH1 was higher than in HCs. The Ruminococcus torques group and Dorea furthermore seem like promising targets for future research into the treatment of IBS-D patients.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Case-Control Studies; Cecum; Colon; Diarrhea; Enterochromaffin Cells; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Male; Middle Aged; Serotonin
PubMed: 34773967
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02380-2 -
Genome Biology Jun 2021The human microbiome plays an important role in cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that commensal microbiome-derived DNA may be represented in minute quantities in...
BACKGROUND
The human microbiome plays an important role in cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that commensal microbiome-derived DNA may be represented in minute quantities in the cell-free DNA of human blood and could possibly be harnessed as a new cancer biomarker. However, there has been limited use of rigorous experimental controls to account for contamination, which invariably affects low-biomass microbiome studies.
RESULTS
We apply a combination of 16S-rRNA-gene sequencing and droplet digital PCR to determine if the specific detection of cell-free microbial DNA (cfmDNA) is possible in metastatic melanoma patients. Compared to matched stool and saliva samples, the absolute concentration of cfmDNA is low but significantly above the levels detected from negative controls. The microbial community of plasma is strongly influenced by laboratory and reagent contaminants introduced during the DNA extraction and sequencing processes. Through the application of an in silico decontamination strategy including the filtering of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with batch dependent abundances and those with a higher prevalence in negative controls, we identify known gut commensal bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides and Ruminococcus, and also other uncharacterised ASVs. We analyse additional plasma samples, highlighting the potential of this framework to identify differences in cfmDNA between healthy and cancer patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Together, these observations indicate that plasma can harbour a low yet detectable level of cfmDNA. The results highlight the importance of accounting for contamination and provide an analytical decontamination framework to allow the accurate detection of cfmDNA for future biomarker studies in cancer and other diseases.
Topics: Bacteroides; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; DNA Contamination; DNA, Bacterial; Faecalibacterium; Feces; Humans; Melanoma; Microbiota; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ruminococcus; Saliva; Skin Neoplasms; Symbiosis
PubMed: 34162397
DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02401-3 -
ImmunoHorizons Mar 2023Epithelium-derived antimicrobial peptides represent an evolutionarily ancient defense mechanism against pathogens. Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 γ (Reg3γ), the...
Epithelium-derived antimicrobial peptides represent an evolutionarily ancient defense mechanism against pathogens. Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 γ (Reg3γ), the archetypal intestinal antimicrobial peptide, is critical for maintaining host-microbe interactions. Expression of Reg3γ is known to be regulated by the microbiota through two different pathways, although it remains unknown whether specific Reg3γ-inducing bacteria act via one or both of these pathways. In recent work, we identified Ruminococcus gnavus and Limosilactobacillus reuteri as commensal bacteria able to induce Reg3g expression. In this study, we show these bacteria require myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 and group 3 innate lymphoid cells for induction of Reg3γ in mice. Interestingly, we find that R. gnavus and L. reuteri suppress Reg3γ in the absence of either myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 or group 3 innate lymphoid cells. In addition, we demonstrate that colonization by these bacteria is not required for induction of Reg3γ, which occurs several days after transient exposure to the organisms. Taken together, our findings highlight the complex mechanisms underlying microbial regulation of Reg3γ.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Bacteria; Immunity, Innate; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Lymphocytes; Proteins; Ruminococcus
PubMed: 36943156
DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200096 -
Journal of Neuroimmunology May 2023Gut microbiota, the total microorganisms in our gastrointestinal tract, might have an implication in multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating neurological disease. Our...
Gut microbiota, the total microorganisms in our gastrointestinal tract, might have an implication in multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating neurological disease. Our study included 50 MS patients and 21 healthy controls (HC). Twenty patients received a disease modifying therapy (DMT), interferon beta1a or teriflunomide, 19 DMT combined with homeopathy and 11 patients accepted only homeopathy. We collected in total 142 gut samples, two for each individual: at the study enrolment and eight weeks after treatment. We compared MS patients' microbiome with HC, we analysed its evolution in time and the effect of interferon beta1a, teriflunomide and homeopathy. There was no difference in alpha diversity, only two beta diversity results related to homeopathy. Compared to HC, untreated MS patients had a decrease of Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prauznitzii and increased Prevotella stercorea, while treated patients presented lowered Ruminococcus and Clostridium. Compared to the initial sample, treated MS patients had a decrease of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcus and an increased Enterococcus faecalis. Eubacterium oxidoreducens was reduced after homeopathic treatment. The study revealed that MS patients may present dysbiosis. Treatment with interferon beta1a, teriflunomide or homeopathy implied several taxonomic changes. DMTs and homeopathy might influence the gut microbiota.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Crotonates; Interferon beta-1a
PubMed: 37058852
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578087 -
Experimental Dermatology Dec 2018The intestinal microbiota has been known to involve in obesity and host immune response. We aimed to investigate the intestinal microbiota and potential genetic function...
OBJECTIVES
The intestinal microbiota has been known to involve in obesity and host immune response. We aimed to investigate the intestinal microbiota and potential genetic function in relation to clinical presentation in psoriasis patients.
METHODS
Faecal microbiota and predicted genetic function inferred from high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing were analysed between psoriasis (n = 32) and age-, gender- and body mass index (BMI)-matched non-psoriasis subjects (n = 64), from a referral medical centre. The correlation between altered microbiota and disease activity, arthritis and systemic anti-psoriatic drugs was also investigated.
RESULTS
We observed a distinct faecal microbial community structure in psoriasis patients, with an increased abundance of phylum Firmicutes and decreased abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, across different subgroup of subjects. Ruminococcus and Megasphaera, of the phylum Firmicutes, were the top-two genera of discriminant abundance in psoriasis. A number of functional genes and metabolic pathways involving bacterial chemotaxis and carbohydrate transport were predicted over-represented, whereas genes related to cobalamin and iron transport were predicted under-represented in faecal microbiota of psoriasis patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The distinct faecal microbial composition in psoriasis might be associated with altered transport of carbohydrate, cobalamin and iron, as well as chemotaxis.
Topics: Adult; Bacteroidetes; Body Mass Index; Carbohydrates; Chemotaxis; Computational Biology; Discriminant Analysis; Feces; Female; Firmicutes; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Iron; Male; Megasphaera; Middle Aged; Psoriasis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ruminococcus; Vitamin B 12; Young Adult
PubMed: 30238519
DOI: 10.1111/exd.13786