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Frontiers in Neurology 2020Gut bacteria play an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the alteration of fecal microbiota in PD with cognitive impairment remains...
Gut bacteria play an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the alteration of fecal microbiota in PD with cognitive impairment remains unexplored. This study aimed to explore whether the gut microbiota of patients with PD having mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) were different from those with PD having normal cognition (PD-NC) and from healthy controls (HC). Also, the study probed the association between altered gut microbiota and cognitive ability in patients with PD. The fecal bacteria composition and short-chain fatty acids of 13 patients with PD-MCI, 14 patients with PD-NC, and 13 healthy spouses were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compared with HC, the fecal microbial diversities increased in patients with PD-MCI and PD-NC. After adjusting the influence of age, sex, body mass index, education, and constipation using the statistical method, the relative abundances of two families (Rikenellaceae and Ruminococcaceae) and four genera (, and ) were found to be higher in the feces of the PD-MCI group compared with the other two groups. Moreover, the abundance of genus and decreased obviously in the PD-MCI group compared with the PD-NC group. Further, the abundance of genera , and negatively correlated with cognition ability. Compared with HC and patients with PD-NC, the gut microbiota of patients with PD-MCI was significantly altered, particularly manifesting in enriched genera from Porphyromonadaceae family and decreased the abundance of genera and .
PubMed: 32161568
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00137 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2022Chronic psychological stress (PS) hinders the treatment of diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD). However, the impact of chronic PS on the risk of developing DACD...
Structural Alteration of Gut Microbiota During the Amelioration of Chronic Psychological Stress-Aggravated Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Decline by a Traditional Chinese Herbal Formula, ZiBu PiYin Recipe.
BACKGROUND
Chronic psychological stress (PS) hinders the treatment of diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD). However, the impact of chronic PS on the risk of developing DACD remains unclear. There is growing evidence that gut flora interventions are promising targets for treating stress-related diseases.
OBJECTIVE
We examined whether chronic PS triggers or exacerbates the onset of DACD in rats and aimed to elucidate whether ZiBuPiYin recipe (ZBPYR) prevents and treats chronic PS-aggravated DACD by dynamically maintaining the components of the gut microbiota.
METHODS
We performed chronic PS (restraint, rotation, and congestion) on ZDF rats to establish a model. Cognitive function was evaluated by behavioral experiments, and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was detected by ELISA. Weekly feces from rats were collected for 16 S RNA sequencing.
RESULTS
We found that chronic PS promoted cognitive abnormalities and exacerbated DACD phenotypes. Additionally, chronic PS altered intestinal flora diversity, dynamically elevating the abundance of Alistipes and Coprococcus; enriching Module 1 (Dorea, Blautia, Ruminococcus) and Module 48 (Blautia); and inhibiting Module 20 (Lactobacillus, SMB53), and Module 42 (Akkermansia). ZBPYR significantly alleviated hyperglycemia and cognitive impairment in chronic PS-aggravated DACD rats and dynamically reduced the abundance of Alistipes and Coprococcus; significantly enriched Module 3 (Ruminococcus) and Module 45 (Lactobacillus, Coprococcus, SMB53); and suppressed Module 2 (Lactobacillus), Module 16 (Turicibacter, Trichococcus, Lactobacillus, 02d06, Clostridium), Module 23 (Bifidobacterium), and Module 43 (Clostridium).
CONCLUSION
ZBPYR might prevent and treat chronic PS-aggravated DACD by dynamically regulating Lactobacillus, Alistipes, and Coprococcus.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 36278351
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-220692 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Oct 2018To investigate the effects of VSL#3 on tumor formation, and fecal and intestinal mucosal microbiota in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) induced mice model.
AIM
To investigate the effects of VSL#3 on tumor formation, and fecal and intestinal mucosal microbiota in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) induced mice model.
METHODS
C57BL/6 mice were administered AOM/DSS to develop the ulcerative colitis (UC) carcinogenesis model. Mice were treated with 5-ASA (75 mg/kg/d), VSL#3 (1.5 × 10 CFU/d), or 5-ASA combined with VSL#3 by gavage from the day of AOM injection for three months (five days/week). The tumor load was compared in each group, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were evaluated in colon tissue. The stool and intestinal mucosa samples were collected to analyze the differences in the intestinal microbiota by 16s rDNA sequencing method.
RESULTS
VSL#3 significantly reduced the tumor load in AOM/DSS-induced mice model and decreased the level of TNF-α and IL-6 in colon tissue. The model group had a lower level of and higher level of and in fecal microbiota than the control group. After the intervention with 5-ASA and VSL#3, and were increased, while and were reduced. 5-ASA combined with VSL#3 increased the and decreased the . The intestinal mucosal microbiota analysis showed a lower level of and _UCG-014 and higher level of in the model group as compared to the control group. After supplementation with VSL#3, was increased. 5-ASA combined with VSL#3 increased the level of both and .
CONCLUSION
VSL#3 can prevent UC-associated carcinogenesis in mice, reduce the colonic mucosal inflammation levels, and rebalance the fecal and mucosal intestinal microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium; Carcinogenesis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; DNA Damage; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Interleukin-6; Intestinal Neoplasms; Lactobacillus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Probiotics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ruminococcus; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 30310258
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i37.4254 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Milk fat is the most variable nutrient in milk, and recent studies have shown that rumen bacteria are closely related to milk fat. However, there is limited research on...
INTRODUCTION
Milk fat is the most variable nutrient in milk, and recent studies have shown that rumen bacteria are closely related to milk fat. However, there is limited research on the relationship between rumen bacteria and milk fatty. Fatty acids (FAs) are an important component of milk fat and are associated with various potential benefits and risks to human health.
METHODS
In this experiment, forty-five healthy Holstein dairy cows with alike physiological and productive conditions were selected from medium-sized dairy farms and raised under the same feeding and management conditions. The experimental period was two weeks. During the experiment, raw milk and rumen fluid were collected, and milk components were determined. In this study, 8 high milk fat percentage (HF) dairy cows and 8 low milk fat percentage (LF) dairy cows were selected for analysis.
RESULTS
Results showed that the milk fat percentage in HF group was significantly greater than that of the dairy cows in the LF group. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the rumen bacterial abundance of HF dairy cows was significantly higher than that in LF dairy cows; at the genus level, the bacterial abundances of , _1, , , and in HF group were significantly higher than those in the LF group. Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that milk fat percentage was positively related to _1, , , and . Furthermore, was positively related to C14:0 iso, C15:0 iso, C18:0, _1 with C18:1 t9, with C18:1 t9 and C18:1 t11, with C15:0 iso.
DISCUSSION
To sum up, rumen bacteria in dairy cows are related to the variation of milk fat, and some rumen bacteria have potential effects on the deposition of certain fatty acids in raw milk.
PubMed: 37886063
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247348 -
Clinical and Translational... Jul 2022We previously reported a lower fecal abundance of Ruminococcus spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , and Coprococcus spp. in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In...
INTRODUCTION
We previously reported a lower fecal abundance of Ruminococcus spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , and Coprococcus spp. in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this article, we assess the associations between hepatic gene expression, the specific taxa, and bacterial pathways.
METHODS
The relationships between hepatic genes that were differentially expressed in patients with NAFLD vs healthy controls (HC) and the abundance of these specific taxa were studied. Inferred functional metagenomic analysis using Piphillin was also performed to investigate associations with bacterial pathways.
RESULTS
Fifteen patients with NAFLD and 6 HC participated. Of 728 hepatic genes examined, 176 correlated with the abundance of Ruminococcus spp., 138 with F. prausnitzii , and 92 with Coprococcus spp. For Ruminococcus spp., genes were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms related to apoptotic process, response to external and cytokine stimuli, and regulation of signaling. Several genes related to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway insulin resistance were correlated with F. prausnitzii . The hepatic genes associated with F. prausnitzii were enriched in GO terms related to cellular response to different stimuli, apoptotic process, and regulation of metabolic pathways. For Coprococcus spp., only the GO term response to external stimulus was enriched. There was a distinct pattern of associations between hepatic genes and bacterial taxa in NAFLD vs HC. For bacterial pathways, 65 and 18 hepatic genes correlated with bacterial metabolic functions in NAFLD and HC, respectively.
DISCUSSION
Hepatic gene expression related to insulin resistance, inflammation, external stimuli, and apoptosis correlated with bacterial taxa. Patients with NAFLD showed a higher presence of bacterial pathways associated with lipid metabolism.
Topics: Bacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene Expression; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
PubMed: 35166723
DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000466 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jan 2018The objective was to determine the effect of the isoflavone biochanin A (BCA) on rumen cellulolytic bacteria and consequent fermentative activity.
AIMS
The objective was to determine the effect of the isoflavone biochanin A (BCA) on rumen cellulolytic bacteria and consequent fermentative activity.
METHODS AND RESULTS
When bovine microbial rumen cell suspensions (n = 3) were incubated (24 h, 39°C) with ground hay, cellulolytic bacteria proliferated, short-chain fatty acids were produced and pH declined. BCA (30 μg ml ) had no effect on the number of cellulolytic bacteria or pH, but increased acetate, propionate and total SCFA production. Addition of BCA improved total digestibility when cell suspensions (n = 3) were incubated (48 h, 39°C) with ground hay, Avicel, or filter paper. Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, Ruminococcus flavefaciens 8 and Ruminococcus albus 8 were directly inhibited by BCA. Synergistic antimicrobial activity was observed with BCA and heat killed cultures of cellulolytic bacteria, but the effects were species dependent.
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that BCA improves fibre degradation by influencing cellulolytic bacteria competition and guild composition.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
BCA could serve as a feed additive to improve cellulosis when cattle are consuming high-fibre diets. Future research is needed to evaluate the effect of BCA on fibre degradation and utilization in vivo.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Dietary Fiber; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Fermentation; Fibrobacter; Genistein; Rumen; Ruminococcus
PubMed: 29112792
DOI: 10.1111/jam.13632 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Tuft cells are a type of rare epithelial cells that have been recently found to utilize taste signal transduction pathways to detect and respond to various noxious...
Tuft cells are a type of rare epithelial cells that have been recently found to utilize taste signal transduction pathways to detect and respond to various noxious stimuli and pathogens, including allergens, bacteria, protists and parasitic helminths. It is, however, not fully understood how many different types of pathogens they can sense or what exact molecular mechanisms they employ to initiate targeted responses. In this study, we found that an anaerobic pathobiont microbe, (), can induce tuft cell proliferation in the proximal colon whereas the microbe's lysate can stimulate these proximal colonic tuft cells to release interleukin-25 (IL-25). Nullification of the and genes that encode the G protein subunit Gγ13 and transient receptor potential ion channel Trpm5, respectively, or application of the Tas2r inhibitor allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), G protein Gβγ subunit inhibitor Gallein or the phospholipase Cβ2 (PLCβ2) inhibitor U73122 reduces -elicited tuft cell proliferation or IL-25 release or both. Furthermore, conditional knockout or knockout diminishes the expression of gasdermins C2, C3 and C4, and concomitantly increases the activated forms of caspases 3, 8 and 9 as well as the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in the proximal colon. Together, our data suggest that taste signal transduction pathways are not only involved in the detection of infection, but also contribute to helping maintain gasdermin expression and prevent apoptotic cell death in the proximal colon, and these findings provide another strategy to combat infection and sheds light on new roles of taste signaling proteins along with gasdermins in protecting the integrity of the proximal colonic epithelium.
Topics: Taste; Ruminococcus; Signal Transduction; Transient Receptor Potential Channels; Colon
PubMed: 37954611
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259521 -
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) Apr 2024FMF is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease associated with MEFV mutations. Disease phenotype and response to treatment vary from one patient to another,...
OBJECTIVE
FMF is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease associated with MEFV mutations. Disease phenotype and response to treatment vary from one patient to another, despite similar genotype, suggesting the role of environmental factors. The objective of this study was to analyse the gut microbiota of a large cohort of FMF patients in relation to disease characteristics.
METHODS
The gut microbiotas of 119 FMF patients and 61 healthy controls were analysed using 16 s rRNA gene sequencing. Associations between bacterial taxa, clinical characteristics, and genotypes were evaluated using multivariable association with linear models (MaAslin2), adjusting on age, sex, genotype, presence of AA amyloidosis (n = 17), hepatopathy (n = 5), colchicine intake, colchicine resistance (n = 27), use of biotherapy (n = 10), CRP levels, and number of daily faeces. Bacterial network structures were also analysed.
RESULTS
The gut microbiotas of FMF patients differ from those of controls in having increased pro-inflammatory bacteria, such as the Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Ruminococcus gnavus group. Disease characteristics and resistance to colchicine correlated with homozygous mutations and were associated with specific microbiota alteration. Colchicine treatment was associated with the expansion of anti-inflammatory taxa such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, while FMF severity was associated with expansion of the Ruminococcus gnavus group and Paracoccus. Colchicine-resistant patients exhibited an alteration of the bacterial network structure, with decreased intertaxa connectivity.
CONCLUSION
The gut microbiota of FMF patients correlates with disease characteristics and severity, with an increase in pro-inflammatory taxa in the most severe patients. This suggests a specific role for the gut microbiota in shaping FMF outcomes and response to treatment.
Topics: Humans; Familial Mediterranean Fever; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genotype; Colchicine; Phenotype; Mutation; Pyrin; Clostridiales
PubMed: 37402619
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead322 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Nov 2021Asymptomatic C. difficile colonization is believed to predispose to subsequent C. difficile infection (CDI). While emerging insights into the role of the commensal... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Asymptomatic C. difficile colonization is believed to predispose to subsequent C. difficile infection (CDI). While emerging insights into the role of the commensal microbiota in mediating colonization resistance against C. difficile have associated CDI with specific microbial components, corresponding prospectively collected data on colonization with C. difficile are largely unavailable.
METHODS
C. difficile status was assessed by GDH EIA and real-time PCR targeting the toxin A (tcdA) and B (tcdB) genes. 16S V3 and V4 gene sequencing results from fecal samples of patients tested positive for C. difficile were analyzed by assessing alpha and beta diversity, LefSe, and the Piphillin functional inference approach to estimate functional capacity.
RESULTS
1506 patients were recruited into a prospective observational study (DRKS00005335) upon admission into one of five academic hospitals. 936 of them provided fecal samples on admission and at discharge and were thus available for longitudinal analysis. Upon hospital admission, 5.5% (83/1506) and 3.7% (56/1506) of patients were colonized with toxigenic (TCD) and non-toxigenic C. difficile (NTCD), respectively. During hospitalization, 1.7% (16/936) acquired TCD. Risk factors for acquisition of TCD included pre-existing lung diseases, lower GI endoscopy and antibiotics. Species protecting against hospital-related C. difficile acquisition included Gemmiger spp., Odoribacter splanchnicus, Ruminococcus bromii and other Ruminococcus spp. Metagenomic pathway analysis identified steroid biosynthesis as the most underrepresented metabolic pathway in patients who later acquire C. difficile colonization.
CONCLUSIONS
Gemmiger spp., Odoribacter splanchnicus, Ruminococcus bromii and other Ruminococci were associated with a decreased risk of C. difficile acquisition.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
DRKS00005335.
Topics: Bacterial Toxins; Bacteroidetes; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Feces; Humans; Microbiota; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Ruminococcus
PubMed: 32589701
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa871 -
MBio Mar 2021, , and are the three predominant cellulolytic bacterial species found in the rumen. studies have shown that these species compete for adherence to, and growth upon,...
, , and are the three predominant cellulolytic bacterial species found in the rumen. studies have shown that these species compete for adherence to, and growth upon, cellulosic biomass. Yet their molecular interactions have not heretofore been examined. Gnotobiotically raised lambs harboring a 17-h-old immature microbiota devoid of culturable cellulolytic bacteria and methanogens were inoculated first with S85 and sp. strain 87.7, and 5 months later, the lambs were inoculated with 8 and FD-1. Longitudinal samples were collected and profiled for population dynamics, gene expression, fibrolytic enzyme activity, fibrolysis, and metabolite profiling. Quantitative PCR, metagenome and metatranscriptome data show that establishes at high levels initially but is gradually outcompeted following the introduction of the ruminococci. This shift resulted in an increase in carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and xylanase activities but not in greater fibrolysis, suggesting that and ruminococci deploy different but equally effective means to degrade plant cell walls. Expression profiles showed that relied upon outer membrane vesicles and a diverse repertoire of CAZymes, while and preferred type IV pili and either CBM37-harboring or cellulosomal carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), respectively. The changes in cellulolytics also affected the rumen metabolome, including an increase in acetate and butyrate at the expense of propionate. In conclusion, this study provides the first demonstration of competition between the three predominant cellulolytic bacteria and provides insight on the influence of these ecological interactions on rumen fibrolytic function and metabolomic response. Ruminant animals, including cattle and sheep, depend on their rumen microbiota to digest plant biomass and convert it into absorbable energy. Considering that the extent of meat and milk production depends on the efficiency of the microbiota to deconstruct plant cell walls, the functionality of predominant rumen cellulolytic bacteria, , , and , has been extensively studied to obtain a better knowledge of how they operate to hydrolyze polysaccharides and ultimately find ways to enhance animal production. This study provides the first evidence of competitions between and the two species. It shows that a simple disequilibrium within the cellulolytic community has repercussions on the rumen metabolome and fermentation end products. This finding will have to be considered in the future when determining strategies aiming at directing rumen fermentations for animal production.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Female; Fibrobacter; Gene Expression Profiling; Germ-Free Life; Male; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Microbial Interactions; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rumen; Ruminococcus; Sheep
PubMed: 33658330
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.03533-20