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Trends in Genetics : TIG Dec 2019
Topics: Genome, Fungal; Genomics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 31630852
DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.08.009 -
Biochemistry. Biokhimiia Dec 2016Saccharomyces yeasts have been used for millennia for the production of beer, wine, bread, and other fermented products. Long-term "unconscious" selection and... (Review)
Review
Saccharomyces yeasts have been used for millennia for the production of beer, wine, bread, and other fermented products. Long-term "unconscious" selection and domestication led to the selection of hundreds of strains with desired production traits having significant phenotypic and genetic differences from their wild ancestors. This review summarizes the results of recent research in deciphering the genomes of wine Saccharomyces strains, the use of comparative genomics methods to study the mechanisms of yeast genome evolution under conditions of artificial selection, and the use of genomic and postgenomic approaches to identify the molecular nature of the important characteristics of commercial wine strains of Saccharomyces. Succinctly, data concerning metagenomics of microbial communities of grapes and wine and the dynamics of yeast and bacterial flora in the course of winemaking is provided. A separate section is devoted to an overview of the physiological, genetic, and biochemical features of sherry yeast strains used to produce biologically aged wines. The goal of the review is to convince the reader of the efficacy of new genomic and postgenomic technologies as tools for developing strategies for targeted selection and creation of new strains using "classical" and modern techniques for improving winemaking technology.
Topics: Genetic Variation; Metabolomics; Phylogeny; Proteomics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Wine
PubMed: 28260488
DOI: 10.1134/S0006297916130046 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022The yeast has been used for bread making and beer brewing for thousands of years. In addition, its ease of manipulation, well-annotated genome, expansive molecular... (Review)
Review
The yeast has been used for bread making and beer brewing for thousands of years. In addition, its ease of manipulation, well-annotated genome, expansive molecular toolbox, and its strong conservation of basic eukaryotic biology also make it a prime model for eukaryotic cell biology and genetics. In this review, we discuss the characteristics that made yeast such an extensively used model organism and specifically focus on the DNA damage response pathway as a prime example of how research in helped elucidate a highly conserved biological process. In addition, we also highlight differences in the DNA damage response of and humans and discuss the challenges of using as a model system.
Topics: Biological Phenomena; Biology; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; DNA Damage; Eukaryotic Cells; Humans; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 36232965
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911665 -
ELife Nov 2022A new pooled screening method in yeast allows scientists to probe how protein levels are regulated by mutating thousands of genes at once.
A new pooled screening method in yeast allows scientists to probe how protein levels are regulated by mutating thousands of genes at once.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 36326804
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.83907 -
FEMS Yeast Research Sep 2020
Topics: Metabolic Engineering; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Synthetic Biology
PubMed: 32854113
DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa049 -
FEMS Yeast Research Aug 2014Pro- and eukaryotic cells are constantly challenged by varying concentrations of nutrients in their environment. Perceiving and adapting to such changes are therefore... (Review)
Review
Pro- and eukaryotic cells are constantly challenged by varying concentrations of nutrients in their environment. Perceiving and adapting to such changes are therefore crucial for cellular viability. Thus, numerous specialized cellular receptors continuously sense and react to the availability of nutrients such as glucose and nitrogen. When stimulated, these receptors initiate various cellular signaling pathways, which in concert constitute a complex regulatory network. To ensure a highly specific response, these pathways and networks cross-communicate with each other and are regulated at several steps and by numerous different regulators. As numerous of these regulating proteins, biochemical mechanisms, and cellular pathways are evolutionary conserved, complex biochemical information relevant to humans can be obtained by studying simple organisms. Thus, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been recognized as a powerful model system to study fundamental biochemical processes. In the present review, we highlight central signaling pathways and molecular circuits conferring nitrogen- and glucose sensing in S. cerevisiae.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Glucose; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Nitrogen; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 24738657
DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12157 -
Biological Chemistry May 2020Mitochondria are essential organelles of virtually all eukaryotic organisms. As they cannot be made de novo, they have to be inherited during cell division. In this... (Review)
Review
Mitochondria are essential organelles of virtually all eukaryotic organisms. As they cannot be made de novo, they have to be inherited during cell division. In this review, we provide an overview on mitochondrial inheritance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a powerful model organism to study asymmetric cell division. Several processes have to be coordinated during mitochondrial inheritance: mitochondrial transport along the actin cytoskeleton into the emerging bud is powered by a myosin motor protein; cell cortex anchors retain a critical fraction of mitochondria in the mother cell and bud to ensure proper partitioning; and the quantity of mitochondria inherited by the bud is controlled during cell cycle progression. Asymmetric division of yeast cells produces rejuvenated daughter cells and aging mother cells that die after a finite number of cell divisions. We highlight the critical role of mitochondria in this process and discuss how asymmetric mitochondrial partitioning and cellular aging are connected.
Topics: Asymmetric Cell Division; Mitochondria; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 31967958
DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0439 -
Current Opinion in Chemical Biology Feb 2019Subcellular protein localisation is essential for the mechanisms that govern cellular homeostasis. The ability to understand processes leading to this phenomenon will... (Review)
Review
Subcellular protein localisation is essential for the mechanisms that govern cellular homeostasis. The ability to understand processes leading to this phenomenon will therefore enhance our understanding of cellular function. Here we review recent developments in this field with regard to mass spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy and computational prediction methods. We highlight relative strengths and limitations of current methodologies focussing particularly on studies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We further present the first cell-wide spatial proteome map of S. cerevisiae, generated using hyperLOPIT, a mass spectrometry-based protein correlation profiling technique. We compare protein subcellular localisation assignments from this map, with two published fluorescence microscopy studies and show that confidence in localisation assignment is attained using multiple orthogonal methods that provide complementary data.
Topics: Mass Spectrometry; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Proteomics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
PubMed: 30503867
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.10.026 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Mar 2022Glutathione (L-γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) is a tripeptide synthesized through consecutive enzymatic reactions. Among its several metabolic functions in cells,... (Review)
Review
Glutathione (L-γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) is a tripeptide synthesized through consecutive enzymatic reactions. Among its several metabolic functions in cells, the main one is the potential to act as an endogenous antioxidant agent. GSH has been the focus of numerous studies not only due to its role in the redox status of biological systems but also due to its biotechnological characteristics. GSH is usually obtained by fermentation and shows a variety of applications by the pharmaceutical and food industry. Therefore, the search for new strategies to improve the production of GSH during fermentation is crucial. This mini review brings together recent papers regarding the principal parameters of the biotechnological production of GSH by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this context, aspects, such as the medium composition (amino acids, alternative raw materials) and the use of technological approaches (control of osmotic and pressure conditions, magnetic field (MF) application, fed-batch process) were considered, along with genetic engineering knowledge, trends, and challenges in viable GSH production. KEY POINTS: • Saccharomyces cerevisiae has shown potential for glutathione production. • Improved technological approaches increases glutathione production. • Genetic engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae improves glutathione production.
Topics: Biotechnology; Fermentation; Genetic Engineering; Glutathione; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 35182192
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11826-0 -
FEMS Yeast Research Nov 2016The architecture and regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic network are among the best studied owing to its widespread use in both basic research and industry.... (Review)
Review
The architecture and regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic network are among the best studied owing to its widespread use in both basic research and industry. Yet, several recent studies have revealed notable limitations in explaining genotype-metabolic phenotype relations in this yeast, especially when concerning multiple genetic/environmental perturbations. Apparently unexpected genotype-phenotype relations may originate in the evolutionarily shaped cellular operating principles being hidden in common laboratory conditions. Predecessors of laboratory S. cerevisiae strains, the wild and the domesticated yeasts, have been evolutionarily shaped by highly variable environments, very distinct from laboratory conditions, and most interestingly by social life within microbial communities. Here we present a brief review of the genotypic and phenotypic peculiarities of S. cerevisiae in the context of its social lifestyle beyond laboratory environments. Accounting for this ecological context and the origin of the laboratory strains in experimental design and data analysis would be essential in improving the understanding of genotype-environment-phenotype relationships.
Topics: Adaptation, Biological; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Microbial Interactions; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 27634775
DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow080