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Seminars in Nephrology Mar 2021Growth hormone (GH) has become a critical therapy for treating growth delay and failure in pediatric chronic kidney disease. Recombinant human GH treatment is safe and... (Review)
Review
Growth hormone (GH) has become a critical therapy for treating growth delay and failure in pediatric chronic kidney disease. Recombinant human GH treatment is safe and significantly improves height and height velocity in these growing patients and improved growth outcomes are associated with decreased morbidity and mortality as well as improved quality of life. However, the utility of recombinant human GH in adults with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease for optimization of body habitus and reducing frailty remains uncertain. Semin Nephrol 41:x-xx © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Topics: Body Height; Child; Growth Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Quality of Life; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 34140093
DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.03.009 -
Growth Hormone & IGF Research :... Jun 2016
Topics: Congresses as Topic; Ecuador; Growth Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Laron Syndrome; Peptides; Universities
PubMed: 27113157
DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2016.04.002 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022
Topics: Growth Disorders; Human Growth Hormone; Humans
PubMed: 36176472
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1013872 -
Vnitrni Lekarstvi Feb 2015
Topics: Acromegaly; Adenoma; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Octreotide; Pituitary Neoplasms
PubMed: 25989633
DOI: No ID Found -
Endocrinology Aug 2022
Topics: Growth Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Liver; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Sex Characteristics; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35678319
DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac087 -
Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England) Jun 2020
Topics: Animals; Cognition; Growth Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Learning; Rats
PubMed: 32271983
DOI: 10.1111/apha.13474 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2018
Topics: Endocrine System Diseases; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Diseases
PubMed: 29997315
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072015 -
General and Comparative Endocrinology Oct 2021This paper develops a model for coordinate regulation of feeding, metabolism, and growth based on studies in fish. Many factors involved with the control of feeding... (Review)
Review
This paper develops a model for coordinate regulation of feeding, metabolism, and growth based on studies in fish. Many factors involved with the control of feeding [e.g., cholecystokinin (CCK) and ghrelin (GRLN)], energy metabolism [e.g., insulin (INS), glucagon (GLU), glucagon-like peptide (GLP), and somatostatins (SS), produced in the endocrine pancreas; and leptin (LEP) produced broadly], and growth [e.g., GRLN, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), GH receptors (GHR), IGF receptors (IGFR)] interact at various levels. Many such interactions serve to coordinate these systems to favor anabolic processes (i.e., lipid and protein synthesis, glycogenesis) and growth, including GH promotion of feeding and stimulation of INS production/secretion and the upregulation of GHR and IGFR by GRLN. As nutrient and stored energy status change, various feedbacks serve to curtail feeding and transition the animal from an anabolic/growth state to a catabolic state. Many factors, including LEP and IGF, promote satiety, whereas SS downregulates INS signaling as well as IGF production and GHR and IGFR abundance. As INS and IGF levels fall, GH becomes disconnected from growth as a result of altered linkage of GHR to cell signaling pathways. As a result, the catabolic actions of GH, GLU, GLP, LEP, and SS prevail, mobilizing stored energy reserves. Coordinate regulation involves relative abundances of blood-borne hormones as well as the ability to adjust responsiveness to hormones (via receptor and post-receptor events) in a cell-/tissue-specific manner that results from genetic and epigenetic programming and modulation by the local milieu of hormones, nutrients, and autocrine/paracrine interactions. The proposed model of coordinate regulation demonstrates how feeding, metabolism, and growth are integrated with each other and with other processes, such as reproduction, and how adaptive adjustments can be made to energy allocation during an animal's life history and/or in response to changes in environmental conditions.
Topics: Animals; Fishes; Growth Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Receptors, Somatotropin
PubMed: 34329604
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113873 -
Cell Reports May 2023Growth hormone (GH) acts via JAK2 and LYN to regulate growth, metabolism, and neural function. However, the relationship between these tyrosine kinases remains...
Growth hormone (GH) acts via JAK2 and LYN to regulate growth, metabolism, and neural function. However, the relationship between these tyrosine kinases remains enigmatic. Through an interdisciplinary approach combining cell biology, structural biology, computation, and single-particle tracking on live cells, we find overlapping LYN and JAK2 Box1-Box2-binding regions in GH receptor (GHR). Our data implicate direct competition between JAK2 and LYN for GHR binding and imply divergent signaling profiles. We show that GHR exhibits distinct mobility states within the cell membrane and that activation of LYN by GH mediates GHR immobilization, thereby initiating its nanoclustering in the membrane. Importantly, we observe that LYN mediates cytokine receptor degradation, thereby controlling receptor turnover and activity, and this applies to related cytokine receptors. Our study offers insight into the molecular interactions of LYN with GHR and highlights important functions for LYN in regulating GHR nanoclustering, signaling, and degradation, traits broadly relevant to many cytokine receptors.
Topics: Receptors, Somatotropin; Janus Kinase 2; Signal Transduction; Growth Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Tyrosine; Phosphorylation
PubMed: 37163374
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112490 -
Journal of Endocrinological... Jan 2016Growth hormone resistance defines several genetic (primary) and acquired (secondary) pathologies that result in completely or partially interrupted activity of growth... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Growth hormone resistance defines several genetic (primary) and acquired (secondary) pathologies that result in completely or partially interrupted activity of growth hormone. An archetypal disease of this group is the Laron-type dwarfism caused by mutations in growth hormone receptors. The diagnosis is based on high basal levels of growth hormone, low insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-1) level, unresponsiveness to IGF generation test and genetic testing. Recombinant IGF-1 preparations are used in the treatment
CONCLUSION
In this article, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and therapeutic approaches of the genetic and other diseases leading to growth hormone insensitivity are reviewed.
Topics: Drug Resistance; Growth Disorders; Growth Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Laron Syndrome; Receptors, Somatotropin
PubMed: 26062520
DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0327-2