-
Communications Chemistry May 2023Proteorhodopsins (PRs), bacterial light-driven outward proton pumps comprise the first discovered and largest family of rhodopsins, they play a significant role in life...
Proteorhodopsins (PRs), bacterial light-driven outward proton pumps comprise the first discovered and largest family of rhodopsins, they play a significant role in life on the Earth. A big remaining mystery was that up-to-date there was no described bacterial rhodopsins pumping protons at acidic pH despite the fact that bacteria live in different pH environment. Here we describe conceptually new bacterial rhodopsins which are operating as outward proton pumps at acidic pH. A comprehensive function-structure study of a representative of a new clade of proton pumping rhodopsins which we name "mirror proteorhodopsins", from Sphingomonas paucimobilis (SpaR) shows cavity/gate architecture of the proton translocation pathway rather resembling channelrhodopsins than the known rhodopsin proton pumps. Another unique property of mirror proteorhodopsins is that proton pumping is inhibited by a millimolar concentration of zinc. We also show that mirror proteorhodopsins are extensively represented in opportunistic multidrug resistant human pathogens, plant growth-promoting and zinc solubilizing bacteria. They may be of optogenetic interest.
PubMed: 37130895
DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00884-8 -
Annals of African Medicine 2022Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a Gram-negative bacteria identified as a rare infectious agent, more commonly seen among immune-compromised hosts. Infections include...
Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a Gram-negative bacteria identified as a rare infectious agent, more commonly seen among immune-compromised hosts. Infections include bacteremia, septicemia leading to septic shock, bone and soft-tissue infections such as septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, infection of shunts, and implantable devices. Although the organism has been reported to have low pathogenicity, infections in the immune compromised can be devastating leading to even death.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Sepsis; Sphingomonas; Steroids
PubMed: 36204921
DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_120_21 -
Current Eye Research Jun 2023To report the clinical presentations, complications, and outcomes of Sphingomonas paucimobilis-specific lacrimal drainage infections.
PURPOSE
To report the clinical presentations, complications, and outcomes of Sphingomonas paucimobilis-specific lacrimal drainage infections.
METHODS
A retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with lacrimal infections and managed at a tertiary care Dacryology Service from November 2015 to May 2022 over a 6.5-year period were recruited and analyzed. Data collected include demographic details, clinical presentation, microbiological diagnosis, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, management, complications, and outcomes. The microbiological techniques employed were aerobic and anaerobic cultures, phenotypic identification with VITEK 2 system, polymerase chain reaction, antibiotic sensitivity profile and minimal inhibitory concentration.
RESULTS
Twelve specific lacrimal drainage infections of 11 patients were identified. Of these five were canaliculitis and seven were acute dacryocystitis. All the seven acute dacryocystitis presented in an advanced stage; five were with lacrimal abscess and two with orbital cellulitis. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of canaliculitis and acute dacryocystitis were comparable and the organism was sensitive to several classes of antibiotics. The outcomes of punctal dilatation and nonincisional curettage were effective for canaliculitis. Patients with acute dacryocystitis had advanced clinical stage at presentation but responded well to intensive systemic management and had excellent anatomical and functional outcomes with dacryocystorhinostomy.
CONCLUSION
-specific lacrimal sac infections can have aggressive clinical presentations and need early and intensive therapy. The outcomes are excellent with multimodal management.
Topics: Humans; Sphingomonas; Canaliculitis; Retrospective Studies; Dacryocystitis; Dacryocystorhinostomy; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36803078
DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2183482 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Jul 2022Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an aerobic, non-fermentative, opportunistic Gram-negative bacillus found in water systems. This study was conducted to analyze concurrent S.... (Review)
Review
Sphingomonas paucimobilis Outbreak a Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Hospital: Epidemiological Investigation and Literature Review of an Emerging Healthcare-Associated Infection.
Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an aerobic, non-fermentative, opportunistic Gram-negative bacillus found in water systems. This study was conducted to analyze concurrent S. paucimobilis bacteremia cases and treatment outcomes, potential outbreak sources, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. This ambidirectional cohort study was conducted in a 30-bed pediatric hematology-oncology hospital. The patients' ages ranged from 1 to 17 years, with a median age of 5 years. Environmental sampling was applied to investigate the outbreak source. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the isolated bacteria were performed using the disk diffusion method and Vitek®2 automated system. S. paucimobilis was detected in 181 blood culture samples from 51 patients over 2 years and was isolated from hot tap water. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was diagnosed for 66% of patients, and two of our patients with ALL died due to S. paucimobilis sepsis. S. paucimobilis isolates are susceptible to carbapenems and quinolones. Surveillance and epidemic control should be performed for hospital-acquired infectious agents such as S. paucimobilis. In additon, water distribution systems should be checked for colonizing agents at regular intervals.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Cross Infection; Delivery of Health Care; Disease Outbreaks; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Hematology; Hospitals; Humans; Infant; Sphingomonas; Water
PubMed: 35095025
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2021.661 -
International Journal of Infectious... Dec 2018Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an emerging opportunistic bacterium with a particular tropism toward bones and soft tissues. It is a gram-negative rod that can infect...
BACKGROUND
Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an emerging opportunistic bacterium with a particular tropism toward bones and soft tissues. It is a gram-negative rod that can infect immunosuppressed or immunocompetent individuals in the community or hospital settings. Prognosis of infected patients is generally good, but morbidity and mortality cases have both been documented.
OBJECTIVES
To present and discuss all reported Sphingomonas paucimobilis-mediated bone and soft-tissue infections, and shed light upon the relevance of this organism in orthopaedic surgery.
DATA SOURCES
Pubmed and Cochrane Library.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Studies reporting at least one human bone or soft-tissue infection due to Sphingomonas paucimobilis.
RESULTS
Ten articles describing 19 patients met the inclusion criteria. Common infections included osteomyelitis, cellulitis, and septic arthritis. Fifteen patients (78.9%) had community-acquired diseases. All patients were successfully treated with antibiotic therapy and only one (5.3%) had a residual complication.
LIMITATIONS
The study included a small sample size presenting with bone or soft-tissue infections. Some cases had lacking data.
CONCLUSION
Despite being associated with a good prognosis in most cases, Sphingomonas paucimobilis-related orthopaedic infections may exhibit some complications.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone Diseases, Infectious; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Morbidity; Soft Tissue Infections; Sphingomonas
PubMed: 30267938
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.09.021 -
Case Reports in Ophthalmological... 2015A rare case of Sphingomonas paucimobilis endophthalmitis secondary to a penetrating globe injury with a retained intraocular foreign body is presented. A 30-year-old man...
A rare case of Sphingomonas paucimobilis endophthalmitis secondary to a penetrating globe injury with a retained intraocular foreign body is presented. A 30-year-old man presented with severe pain following a penetrating left eye injury. Visual acuity (VA) was 6/120. Slit-lamp examination revealed perforation of the temporal cornea and iris, hypopyon, and a fibrinous membrane covering the pupil. Ultrasonography showed dense vitreous infiltration and an orbital CT-scan confirmed the presence of a metallic foreign body in the vitreous cavity. Topical and systemic therapy were initiated. Pars-plana vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification was performed in order to remove the foreign body; vitreous samples were acquired and Sphingomonas paucimobilis, sensitive to ceftazidime, was identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Sphingomonas paucimobilis endophthalmitis following penetrating ocular injury. In this case, Sphingomonas paucimobilis was not resistant to antibiotics. This allowed for a good healing response following vitrectomy despite the fact that long-term retinal complications resulted in low VA.
PubMed: 26839724
DOI: 10.1155/2015/192864 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022The opportunistic infections with Gram-negative bacilli are frequently reported. The clinical studies are focused on the course of human infectious and very often the... (Review)
Review
The opportunistic infections with Gram-negative bacilli are frequently reported. The clinical studies are focused on the course of human infectious and very often the source of infection remain unclear. We aim to see if the Gram-negative bacilli isolated from a non-contaminated environment-the caves-are reported in human infections. Eleven samples were collected from six Romanian caves. We used the standard procedure used in our clinical laboratory for bacterial identification and for antibiotic susceptibility testing of the cave isolates. Out of the 14 bacterial strains, three isolates are Gram-negative bacilli-one isolate belong to and two strains belong to . We screened for the published studies-full-text original articles or review articles-that reported human infections with and Data sources-PubMed and Cochrane library. We retrieved 447 cases from 49 references-262 cases (58.61%) are infections and 185 cases (41.39%) are infections. The types of infections are diverse but there are some infections more frequent; there are 116 cases (44.27%) and many infections of the bloodstream with (116 cases) and 121 cases (65.41%) are urinary tract infections with . The acquired source of the bloodstream infections is reported for 93 of bloodstream infections-50 cases (43%) are hospital-acquired, and 40 cases (37%) are community-acquired. Most of the infections are reported in patients with different underlying conditions. There are 80 cases (17.9%) are reported of previously healthy persons. Out of the 72 cases of pediatric infections, 62 cases (86.11%) are caused by . There are ten death casualties-three are infections, and seven are infections.
Topics: Caves; Child; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Hafnia alvei; Humans; Sphingomonas
PubMed: 35206510
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042324 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Sep 2023Silver (Ag) is currently obtained from primary and secondary sources through hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes. However, these processes consume high...
Silver (Ag) is currently obtained from primary and secondary sources through hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes. However, these processes consume high amounts of energy and are environmentally unfriendly. The search for bacteria tolerant with a high leaching capacity for to Ag is therefore a necessary requirement as part of the development of bioleaching technologies with reduced impact on the environment and lower energy expenditure. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance of Sphingomonas paucimobilis MX8 to Ag added to nutrient agar, and to determine whether this tolerance could favor the bioleaching of Ag present on the printed circuit boards (PCBs) of computer keyboards. The bacteria Sphingomonas paucimobilis MX8 was cultured in Petri dishes with nutrient agar and four different concentrations of AgNO (200, 400, 600, and 800 mg L) at 28 °C for 10 days. For the bioleaching experiment, the bacteria were grown in a mineral medium with computer keyboard PCBs for 30 days at room temperature (17 to 22 °C) and centrifugation at 150 rpm. The results indicate that Sphingomonas paucimobilis MX8 is tolerant to Ag and forms a silvery halo around its growth in the presence of this metal. Furthermore, Sphingomonas paucimobilis MX8 was able to bioleach 12% of the Ag found in computer keyboard PCBs. The results obtained could help generate more environmentally friendly silver bioleaching processes in which the silver bioleaching capacity of this bacterium is increased.
Topics: Silver; Agar; Recycling; Electronic Waste; Culture Media; Bacteria; Computers
PubMed: 37171535
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00994-4 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jun 2022Small case series and reports suggest that Sphingomonas paucimobilis is predominantly a cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSI) with very low associated...
BACKGROUND
Small case series and reports suggest that Sphingomonas paucimobilis is predominantly a cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSI) with very low associated mortality. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology and outcome of Sphingomonas species BSI in a large Australian population.
METHODS
We included all residents of Queensland, Australia, with BSI because of Sphingomonas species identified within the publicly funded system from 2000 to 2019.
RESULTS
A total of 282 incident episodes of Sphingomonas species BSI were identified for an age- and sex-adjusted incidence of 3.2 per million population annually. Incidence rates were highest in the tropical regions of the state. Most (94%) of the isolates were confirmed as Sphingomonas paucimobilis. In addition, 77% of the infections were community-onset, of which 48% were community-associated, and 30% were healthcare-associated. The very young, the old, and male patients were at the highest risk. Patients with community-associated disease were, on average, younger, had fewer co-morbidities, and were less likely to have polymicrobial infections. At least 1 co-morbidity was identified in 62% of patients, with malignancy, diabetes, and lung disease most prevalent. The overall all-cause 30-day case-fatality rate was 6%.
CONCLUSION
Sphingomonas paucimobilis BSI is a predominantly community-onset disease associated with a significant risk of death.
Topics: Australia; Bacteremia; Cross Infection; Humans; Male; Sepsis; Sphingomonas
PubMed: 35398302
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.03.060 -
Autopsy & Case Reports 2014is an aerobic Gram-negative bacillus that, although rare in humans, most commonly infects immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. Among the 59 pediatric cases of...
is an aerobic Gram-negative bacillus that, although rare in humans, most commonly infects immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. Among the 59 pediatric cases of infection reported in the literature, the most common diagnosis involves isolated bacteremia. These cases are related to sporadic or epidemic infections. Death related to this infection occurred in only one case. The authors report a case of an 11-year-old boy with the diagnosis of Sphingomonas paucimobilis otomastoiditis and a thorough review of the literature on this infection in pediatrics. The patient presented a 20-day history of fever, otalgia, otorrhea, and progressive retroauricular swelling with protrusion of the left ear; despite 15 days of amoxicillin regimen. His past medical history included chronic bilateral otitis media, but no cause of immunosuppression was found. A brain computed tomography scan showed left otomastoiditis associated with a large circumscribed fluid collection with deep involvement of the soft tissues of the temporal region, including the subperiosteal space. Blood tests showed neutrophilia and elevated C-reactive protein. Surgical manipulation of the cited collection drained a large amount of a fetid purulent secretion. Ceftazidime and clindamycin were empirically initiated. The outcome was favorable, with fever defervescence and resolution of the scalp deformation. Culture of the drained secretion was positive for . Ciprofloxacin was scheduled for a further 10 days after discharge. The follow-up showed complete recovery. As far as we know, this is the first case of otomastoiditis, complicated with subperiosteal abscess in an immunocompetent child. The authors call attention to the increasing number of reports on infection over the years, and therefore to the importance of this pathogen, which was previously underestimated.
PubMed: 28573114
DOI: 10.4322/acr.2014.024