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Applied and Environmental Microbiology Apr 2021The isolation of bacteria that represent the diversity of autochthonous taxa in the gastrointestinal tract is necessary to fully ascertain their function, but the...
The isolation of bacteria that represent the diversity of autochthonous taxa in the gastrointestinal tract is necessary to fully ascertain their function, but the majority of bacterial species inhabiting the intestines of mammals are fastidious and thus challenging to isolate. The goal of the current study was to isolate a diverse assemblage of anaerobic bacteria from the intestine of pigs as a model animal and to comparatively examine various novel and traditional isolation strategies. Methods used included long-term enrichments, direct plating, a modified ichip method, as well as ethanol and tyndallization treatments of samples to select for endospore-forming taxa. A total of 234 taxa (91 previously uncultured) comprising 80 genera and 7 phyla were isolated from mucosal and luminal samples from the ileum, cecum, ascending colon, and spiral colon removed from animals under anesthesia. The diversity of bacteria isolated from the large intestine was less than that detected by next-generation sequence analysis. Long-term enrichments yielded the greatest diversity of recovered bacteria (Shannon's index [SI] = 4.7). Methods designed to isolate endospore-forming bacteria produced the lowest diversity (SI ≤ 2.7), with tyndallization yielding lower diversity than the ethanol method. However, the isolation frequency of previously uncultured bacteria was highest for ethanol-treated samples (41.9%) and the ichip method (32.5%). The goal of recovering a diverse collection of enteric bacteria was achieved. Importantly, the study findings demonstrate that it is necessary to use a combination of methods in concert to isolate bacteria that are representative of the diversity within the intestines of mammals. This work determined that using a combination of anaerobic isolation methods is necessary to increase the diversity of bacteria recovered from the intestines of monogastric mammals. Direct plating methods have traditionally been used to isolate enteric bacteria, and recent methods (e.g., diffusion methods [i.e., ichip] or differential isolation of endospore-forming bacteria) have been suggested to be superior at increasing diversity, including the recovery of previously uncultured taxa. We showed that long-term enrichment of samples using a variety of media isolated the most diverse and novel bacteria. Application of the ichip method delivered a diversity of bacteria similar to those of enrichment and direct plating methods. Methods that selected for endospore-forming bacteria generated collections that differed in composition from those of other methods with reduced diversity. However, the ethanol treatment frequently isolated novel bacteria. By using a combination of methods in concert, a diverse collection of enteric bacteria was generated for ancillary experimentation.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacteriological Techniques; Endospore-Forming Bacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Intestines; Male; Swine
PubMed: 33608289
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00088-21 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022To clarify the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in the diagnosis and staging of colon...
OBJECTIVE
To clarify the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in the diagnosis and staging of colon carcinoma (CC).
METHODS
A total of 103 patients with histopathologically diagnosed CC were enrolled. Patient clinical and imaging data were collected, and MRI and MSCT images were analyzed to assess the accuracy of MRI, MSCT, and their combination in diagnosing tumor (T) staging of CC.
RESULTS
Among the 103 cases of histopathologically diagnosed CC, 26 cases (25.24) were in stage T1-2, 72 cases (69.90) were in stage T3, and 5 cases (4.85) were in stage T4. The accuracy of MRI in diagnosing stage T1-2, T3, and T4 was 80.77%, 88.89%, and 60.00%, respectively, with an average of 76.55%. The accuracy rates of MSCT in diagnosing T1-2, T3, and T4 stages were 73.08%, 90.27%, and 60.00%, respectively, with an average of 74.45%. The accuracy rates of MRI+MSCT in diagnosing T1-2, T3, and T4 were 88.46%, 95.83%, and 80.00%, respectively, with an average of 88.10%.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with single use of MRI or MSCT, MRI+MSCT provides accurate imaging data with higher accuracy, which is more helpful for the T-staging evaluation of CC.
Topics: Carcinoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Tomography, Spiral Computed
PubMed: 35651927
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2593844 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... Feb 2020For colonic stents design, the interaction with colonic tissue is essential in order to characterize the appropriate radial stiffness which provides a minimum lumen for...
For colonic stents design, the interaction with colonic tissue is essential in order to characterize the appropriate radial stiffness which provides a minimum lumen for intestinal transit to be maintained. It is therefore important to develop suitable constitutive models allowing the mechanical behavior of the colon tissue to be characterized. The present work investigates the biomechanical behavior of colonic tissue by means of biaxial tests carried out on different parts of the colonic tract taken from several porcine specimens. Samples from the colonic tract were quasi-statically tensioned using a load-controlled protocol with different tension ratios between the circumferential and the axial directions. Fitting techniques were then used to adjust specific hyperelastic models accounting for the multilayered conformation of the colonic wall and the fiber-reinforced configuration of the corresponding tissues. It was found that the porcine colon changed from a more isotropic to a more anisotropic tissue and became progressively more flexible and compliant in circumferential direction depending on the position along the duct as it approaches the rectum. The best predictive capability of mechanical behavior corresponds to the Four Fiber Family model showing mean values of coefficient of determination R=0.97, and a normalized root mean square error of ε=0.0814 for proximal spiral samples, and R=0.89 , ε=0.1600 and R=0.94 , ε=0.1227 for distal spiral and descending colon samples, respectively. The other analyzed models provide good results for proximal spiral colon specimens, which have a lower degree of anisotropy. The analyzed models with the fitted elastic parameters can be used for more realistic and reliable FE simulations, providing the appropriate framework for the design of optimal devices for the treatment of colonic diseases.
Topics: Animals; Anisotropy; Biomechanical Phenomena; Colon; Computer Simulation; Stress, Mechanical; Swine; Tensile Strength
PubMed: 31877516
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103507 -
Journal of Applied Clinical Medical... Oct 2021This provides a benchmark of dosimetric benefit and clinical cost of cone-beam CT-based online adaptive radiotherapy (ART) technology for cervical and rectal cancer...
PURPOSE
This provides a benchmark of dosimetric benefit and clinical cost of cone-beam CT-based online adaptive radiotherapy (ART) technology for cervical and rectal cancer patients.
METHODS
An emulator of a CBCT-based online ART system was used to simulate more than 300 treatments for 13 cervical and 15 rectal cancer patients. CBCT images were used to generate adaptive replans. To measure clinical resource cost, the six phases of the workflow were timed. To evaluate the dosimetric benefit, changes in dosimetric values were assessed. These included minimum dose (Dmin) and volume receiving 95% of prescription (V95%) for the planning target volume (PTV) and the clinical target volume (CTV), and maximum 2 cc's (D2cc) of the bladder, bowel, rectum, and sigmoid colon.
RESULTS
The average duration of the workflow was 24.4 and 9.2 min for cervical and rectal cancer patients, respectively. A large proportion of time was dedicated to editing target contours (13.1 and 2.7 min, respectively). For cervical cancer patients, the replan changed the Dmin to the PTVs and CTVs for each fraction 0.25 and 0.25 Gy, respectively. The replan changed the V95% by 9.2 and 7.9%. The D2cc to the bladder, bowel, rectum, and sigmoid colon for each fraction changed -0.02, -0.08, -0.07, and -0.04 Gy, respectively. For rectal cancer patients, the replan changed the Dmin to the PTVs and CTVs for each fraction of 0.20 and 0.24 Gy, respectively. The replan changed the V95% by 4.1 and 1.5%. The D2cc to the bladder and bowel for each fraction changed 0.02 and -0.02 Gy, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Dosimetric benefits can be achieved with CBCT-based online ART that is amenable to conventional appointment slots. The clinical significance of these benefits remains to be determined. Managing contours was the primary factor affecting the total duration and is imperative for safe and effective adaptive radiotherapy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; Rectum; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 34529332
DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13425 -
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of... Apr 2015Polypectomy at colonoscopy has been shown to reduce the subsequent risk of colorectal cancer. With the advent of national screening programs, the number of colonoscopies... (Review)
Review
Polypectomy at colonoscopy has been shown to reduce the subsequent risk of colorectal cancer. With the advent of national screening programs, the number of colonoscopies performed has increased worldwide. In addition, the recent drive for quality improvement combined with advances in colonoscopic technology has resulted in increased numbers of polyps detected, resected, and sent for histopathology leading to spiraling costs associated with the procedure. Being able to diagnose small polyps in vivo (optical diagnosis) would allow for adenomas to be resected and discarded without the need to retrieve them or send them for formal histopathology.
Topics: Adenoma; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Optical Imaging
PubMed: 25839687
DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2014.12.001 -
Late presentation of congenital type IV esophageal hiatus hernia in a 9-year-old boy: a case report.Journal of Medical Case Reports Mar 2022Congenital diaphragmatic hernia affects 1 in every 2000-5000 live births. The mediastinum shifts to the opposite side, the lungs are hypoplastic, and the arterioles are...
BACKGROUND
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia affects 1 in every 2000-5000 live births. The mediastinum shifts to the opposite side, the lungs are hypoplastic, and the arterioles are abnormal, resulting in pulmonary hypertension. Respiratory and cardiovascular functions are severely impaired at birth, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity as a result of the associated malformations.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 9-year-old persian boy was referred with complaint of intermittent abdominal pain in the left lower quadrant and an episode of vomiting. The patient was tachypneic, and the abdomen was nontender on examination. Lung sounds on the left side were considerably decreased, whereas heart sounds on the right side were louder. There was no history of underlying disease in the patient. Initial laboratory blood tests, chest x-ray, spiral computed tomography scan, and chest sonography were requested. Blood tests were normal, and chest x-ray revealed a round-shaped lesion with relatively clear boundaries containing air-fluid level and shift of the heart and mediastinum to the right. A spiral computed tomography scan of the lungs demonstrated the shift of the heart and mediastinum to the right side was due to dilated stomach and colon pressure, and chest sonography revealed that half of the stomach was inside the thorax. Laparotomy surgery was performed. The patient had no complications following surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
Herniation of abdominal contents through the diaphragmatic hiatus should be suspected in patients with tachypnea and mediastinal shift to the right side. Rapid diagnosis and early surgical treatment are necessary to avert any potentially life-threatening complications.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Child; Diaphragm; Hernia, Hiatal; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Thorax
PubMed: 35287701
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03331-9 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jan 2021In this work, spiral dextrin/resveratrol (SD/Res) crystal, a new colon-specific drug-delivery system, was established by a novel method of encapsulation and...
In this work, spiral dextrin/resveratrol (SD/Res) crystal, a new colon-specific drug-delivery system, was established by a novel method of encapsulation and cocrystallization to improve the antidigestion ability compared with the SD/Res inclusion complex (SD/Res IC) prepared by encapsulation and coprecipitation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the SD/Res crystal formed a more regular and perfect crystallite than SD/Res IC. Moreover, the encapsulation ability and thermostability of the SD/Res crystal were enhanced as the chain length of SD was increased. digestion indicated that SD/Res IC merely achieved small intestine-targeted release of resveratrol, while the SD/Res crystal could act as a colon-specific delivery system to protect resveratrol from degradation by gastric acid and pancreatic enzymes. The SD-1/Res crystal presented much higher thermal stability and stronger gastrointestinal stability than other SD/Res crystals and SD/Res ICs, which facilitated its application as a novel colon-target delivery system for resveratrol.
Topics: Colon; Dextrins; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Humans; Particle Size; Plant Extracts; Resveratrol; X-Ray Diffraction; Zea mays
PubMed: 33372794
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05668 -
Cirugia Y Cirujanos 2015Small bowel volvulus is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in adult patients. This disease is more common in children and its aetiology and management is different... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Small bowel volvulus is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in adult patients. This disease is more common in children and its aetiology and management is different to that in adults.
CLINICAL CASE
A 30 year-old male with sarcoidosis presents with acute abdomen and clinical data of intestinal obstruction. Small bowel volvulus is diagnosed by a contrast abdominal tomography and an exploratory laparotomy is performed with devolvulation and no intestinal resection. In the days following surgery, he developed a recurrent small bowel volvulus, which was again managed with surgery, but without intestinal resection. Medical treatment for sarcoidosis was started, and with his clinical progress being satisfactory,he was discharged to home.
CONCLUSIONS
Making an early and correct diagnosis of small bowel volvulus prevents large intestinal resections. Many surgical procedures have been described with a high rate of complications. Therefore, conservative surgical management (no intestinal resection) is recommended as the best treatment with the lowest morbidity and mortality rate.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Ileus; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestinal Volvulus; Intestine, Small; Laparotomy; Male; Mesentery; Postoperative Complications; Recurrence; Sarcoidosis; Tomography, Spiral Computed
PubMed: 26144269
DOI: 10.1016/j.circir.2015.05.033 -
Physics in Medicine and Biology Nov 2017The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric impact of including the patient table in Monte Carlo CT dose estimates for both spiral scans and scan projection...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric impact of including the patient table in Monte Carlo CT dose estimates for both spiral scans and scan projection radiographs (SPR). CT scan acquisitions were simulated for a Siemens SOMATOM Force scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) with and without a patient table present. An adult male, an adult female and a pediatric female voxelized phantom were simulated. The simulated scans included tube voltages of 80 and 120 kVp. Spiral scans simulated without a patient table resulted in effective doses that were overestimated by approximately 5% compared to the same simulations performed with the patient table present. Doses in selected individual organs (breast, colon, lung, red bone marrow and stomach) were overestimated by up to 8%. Effective doses from SPR acquired with the x-ray tube stationary at 6 o'clock (posterior-anterior) were overestimated by 14-23% when the patient table was not included, with individual organ dose discrepancies (breast, colon, lung red bone marrow and stomach) all exceeding 13%. The reference entrance skin dose to the back were in this situation overestimated by 6-15%. These results highlight the importance of including the patient table in patient dose estimates for such scan situations.
Topics: Adult; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Monte Carlo Method; Phantoms, Imaging; Radiation Dosage; Radiometry; Spine; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 28994662
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa9259 -
Endoscopy May 2018Cecal intubation rate represents a key procedural quality parameter in diagnostic colonoscopy. However, even experienced investigators report 10 % of all colonoscopies... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Cecal intubation rate represents a key procedural quality parameter in diagnostic colonoscopy. However, even experienced investigators report 10 % of all colonoscopies to be difficult and intubation of the cecum is sometimes impossible. A recently developed novel motorized spiral endoscope might potentially overcome some limitations of standard colonoscopy by actively pleating the bowel onto the endoscope. The study aim was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of motorized spiral colonoscopy (MSC) for diagnostic colonoscopy.
METHODS
30 consecutive patients with an indication for diagnostic colonoscopy were enrolled in a proof-of-concept single-center trial.
RESULTS
13 men and 17 women (mean age 68.9 years, range 30 - 90) were enrolled; 43.3 % had diverticula. Mean procedure time was 20.8 min (range 11.4 - 55.3). Cecal intubation rate was 96.7 %. One incomplete colonoscopy occurred because of an unexpected postinflammatory stricture. Adenoma detection rate was 46.6 %. No severe adverse events occurred.
CONCLUSIONS
Results indicate that MSC is safe and effective for diagnostic colonoscopy. It potentially offers advantages in terms of ease and it may facilitate therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma; Cecum; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopes; Colonoscopy; Equipment Design; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proof of Concept Study
PubMed: 29253918
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-123577