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Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Dec 2018Hamstring strain injury is a multifactorial and complex problem involving interactions among various factors. Information about risk factors for this injury is...
Hamstring strain injury is a multifactorial and complex problem involving interactions among various factors. Information about risk factors for this injury is inconsistent among studies because the strong effects of confounding factors and injury situations are often ignored. We investigated the relationship between hamstring strain induced by high-speed running and intrinsic risk factors, including hip muscle morphology and function, by excluding the influences of confounding factors. Sixty-one male track and field athletes (age, 19.6 ± 1.1 years; 95% confidence interval, 19.3-19.9) who often performed high-speed running were monitored throughout one season. Before the season, we measured hip and knee strength, muscle thickness of the gluteus maximus and biceps femoris, and hip and knee joint range of motion (ROM). We also obtained information about each athlete's history of hamstring injury by questionnaire. Eighteen athletes sustained hamstring strain injuries induced by high-speed running. Eighteen uninjured athletes who had the same profile of confounding factors as the injured athletes were selected as controls. Previously injured athletes had a significantly higher injury rate than uninjured athletes (p < .05; odds ratio, 2.85). No other measurements had a significant relationship with the occurrence of injury. However, passive hip ROM (flexion and extension) tended to be larger in the injured than control group. A history of hamstring strain was a strong risk factor for hamstring strain injury, and it may affect other factors. Therefore, the risk factors for hamstring strain injury should be investigated by eliminating the impact of a history of hamstring strain.
Topics: Adolescent; Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Case-Control Studies; Hamstring Muscles; Humans; Knee Joint; Leg Injuries; Male; Prospective Studies; Range of Motion, Articular; Risk Factors; Running; Sprains and Strains; Young Adult
PubMed: 30479534
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and... Jan 2023Understanding the types of ankle sprains is essential in determining the most appropriate treatment and preventing substantial missed time from sports. Commonly known... (Review)
Review
Understanding the types of ankle sprains is essential in determining the most appropriate treatment and preventing substantial missed time from sports. Commonly known and recognized is an acute lateral ankle sprain, however, a differentiation should also be made to understand high (syndesmotic) ankle sprains as the mechanism of injury and recovery periods differ between these two types.
Topics: Humans; Ankle Injuries; Sprains and Strains
PubMed: 36368838
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2022.07.008 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Sep 2017
Randomized Controlled Trial
Topics: Adult; Athletic Injuries; Humans; Leg Injuries; Muscle, Skeletal; Sprains and Strains; Time-to-Treatment; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28953439
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1708134 -
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport May 2015To systematically summarise the evidence on the effectiveness of proprioceptive training in reducing the incidence and recurrence rates of ankle sprains in the sporting... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To systematically summarise the evidence on the effectiveness of proprioceptive training in reducing the incidence and recurrence rates of ankle sprains in the sporting population.
DESIGN
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
METHODS
A computer-based literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and PEDro (to October 2013) was conducted. Methodological quality of individual studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Meta-analysis was performed on eligible studies to produce a pooled estimate of the effectiveness of the intervention.
RESULTS
Seven moderate-to-high quality randomised controlled trials involving 3726 participants were included. Results of the meta-analysis combining all participants, irrespective of ankle injury history status, revealed a significant reduction of ankle sprain incidence when proprioceptive training was performed compared to a range of control interventions (relative risk=0.65, 95% CI 0.55-0.77). Results favouring the intervention remained significant for participants with a history of ankle sprain (relative risk=0.64, 95% CI 0.51-0.81). Results looking exclusively at primary prevention in those without a history were also statistically significant (relative risk=0.57, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.97), although the pooled effect was obtained from two non-significant trials.
CONCLUSIONS
Proprioceptive training programmes are effective at reducing the rate of ankle sprains in sporting participants, particularly those with a history of ankle sprain. Current evidence remains inconclusive on the benefits for primary prevention of ankle sprains.
Topics: Ankle Injuries; Athletic Injuries; Feedback, Sensory; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recurrence; Sprains and Strains
PubMed: 24831756
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.04.005 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Apr 2024Hamstring strain injuries are one of the most common injuries in sprint-based sports with the mechanism of injury considered the result of an interaction between applied... (Review)
Review
Hamstring strain injuries are one of the most common injuries in sprint-based sports with the mechanism of injury considered the result of an interaction between applied mechanical strain and the capacity of the muscle to tolerate strain. To date, injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies have frequently focused on enhancing the capacity of the hamstrings to tolerate strain, with little consideration of factors directly influencing mechanical strain. Sprint running biomechanics are one factor proposed to influence the mechanical strain applied to the hamstrings that may be modified (towards reduced strain) within rehabilitation and injury prevention programs. This article aims to explore the theoretical mechanistic link between sprint running mechanics and hamstring strain injury, along with the available supporting evidence. In doing so, it hopes to provide practitioners with an understanding of mechanical parameters that may influence hamstring strain injury whilst also identifying areas for further research exploration.
Topics: Humans; Biomechanical Phenomena; Hamstring Muscles; Sprains and Strains; Running; Athletic Injuries
PubMed: 37725240
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01925-x -
Archives of Physical Medicine and... Jul 2019To determine if exercise-based rehabilitation reduces reinjury following acute ankle sprain. Our secondary objective was to assess if rehabilitation efficacy varies... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Rehabilitation Exercises Reduce Reinjury Post Ankle Sprain, But the Content and Parameters of an Optimal Exercise Program Have Yet to Be Established: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVES
To determine if exercise-based rehabilitation reduces reinjury following acute ankle sprain. Our secondary objective was to assess if rehabilitation efficacy varies according to exercise content and training volume.
DATA SOURCES
The following electronic databases were searched: EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro).
STUDY SELECTION
Randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of exercise-based rehabilitation programs on reinjury and patient-reported outcomes (perceived instability, function, pain) in people with an acute ankle sprain. No restrictions were made on the exercise type, duration, or frequency. Exercise-based programs could have been administered in isolation or as an adjunct to usual care. Comparisons were made to usual care consisting of 1 or all components of PRICE (protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation).
DATA EXTRACTION
Effect sizes with 95% CIs were calculated in the form of mean differences for continuous outcomes and odds ratios (ORs) for dichotomous outcomes. Pooled effects were calculated for reinjury prevalence with meta-analysis undertaken using RevMan software.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Seven trials (n=1417) were included (median PEDro score, 8/10). Pooled data found trends toward a reduction in reinjury in favor of the exercise-based rehabilitation compared with usual care at 3-6 months (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.48-1.58) with significant reductions reported at 7-12 months (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.38-0.73). Sensitivity analysis based on pooled reinjury data from 2 high quality studies (n=629) also found effects in favor of exercise-based rehabilitation at 12 months (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.49-0.89). Training volume differed substantially across rehabilitation programs with total rehabilitation time ranging from 3.5-21 hours. The majority of rehabilitation programs focused primarily on postural balance or strength training.
CONCLUSIONS
Exercise-based rehabilitation reduces the risk of reinjury following acute ankle sprain when compared with usual care alone. There is no consensus on optimal exercise content and training volume in this field. Future research must explicitly report all details of administered exercise-based rehabilitation programs.
Topics: Ankle Injuries; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recurrence; Sprains and Strains
PubMed: 30612980
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.10.005 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2021Recurrent ankle sprains are common in soccer players, characterized by restricted range of motion, pain, and decreased proprioception, strength, and postural control.... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
Recurrent ankle sprains are common in soccer players, characterized by restricted range of motion, pain, and decreased proprioception, strength, and postural control. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a fascial therapy and strength training program, combined with kinesiotaping, in improving ankle range of motion, pain, strength and stability in footballers with recurrent sprains.
METHOD
A simple blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on soccer players. Thirty-six federated footballers were recruited and randomized to the two study groups. The experimental group received an intervention using myofascial techniques applied to the subastragaline joint, eccentric training with an isoinertial device and neuromuscular taping. The control group was administered an intervention using myofascial techniques on the subastragaline joint and eccentric training with an isoinertial device. The results were recorded for all players at baseline, after 4 weeks of intervention, and at the end of the 4-week follow-up period.
RESULTS
Subsequent to intervention and follow-up, we found statistically significant improvements in the experimental group in ankle mobility, strength and stability. The control group exhibited improvements in all study variables. No differences in the improvement of variables were found based on the allocation of athletes to one group or another.
CONCLUSION
The combination of fascial therapy and eccentric strength training with an isoinertial device improves ankle mobility, strength and stability in footballers with recurrent ankle sprains. The use of taping techniques failed to provide a greater improvement of the study variables when combined with manual therapy and strength techniques.
Topics: Ankle Injuries; Ankle Joint; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Soccer; Sprains and Strains
PubMed: 34391242
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.03.022 -
Clinics in Sports Medicine Jan 2019Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a promising treatment for musculoskeletal maladies and clinical data to date have shown that PRP is safe. However, evidence of its efficacy... (Review)
Review
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a promising treatment for musculoskeletal maladies and clinical data to date have shown that PRP is safe. However, evidence of its efficacy has been mixed and highly variable depending on the specific indication. Additional future high-quality large clinical trials will be critical in shaping our perspective of this treatment option. The heterogeneity of PRP preparations, both presently and historically, leads sweeping recommendations about its utility impossible to make. This heterogeneity has also made interpreting existing literature more complicated.
Topics: Fractures, Bone; Fractures, Ununited; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Osteoarthritis; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sprains and Strains; Tendon Injuries
PubMed: 30466721
DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2018.08.001 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Dec 2016The Executive Committee of the International Ankle Consortium presents this 2016 position paper with recommendations for information implementation and continued...
The Executive Committee of the International Ankle Consortium presents this 2016 position paper with recommendations for information implementation and continued research based on the paradigm that lateral ankle sprain (LAS), and the development of chronic ankle instability (CAI), serve as a conduit to a significant global healthcare burden. We intend our recommendations to serve as a mechanism to promote efforts to improve prevention and early management of LAS. We believe this will reduce the prevalence of CAI and associated sequelae that have led to the broader public health burdens of decreased physical activity and early onset ankle joint post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Ultimately, this can contribute to healthier lifestyles and promotion of physical activity.
Topics: Ankle Injuries; Athletic Injuries; Consensus; Humans; Joint Instability; Osteoarthritis; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Sprains and Strains
PubMed: 27259750
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096188 -
Current Sports Medicine Reports Mar 2021Trunk pain is a common cause of performance limitation and time away from sport in athletes. However, atraumatic trunk injuries are underrepresented in medical... (Review)
Review
Trunk pain is a common cause of performance limitation and time away from sport in athletes. However, atraumatic trunk injuries are underrepresented in medical literature and underrecognized clinically. Delays in diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment can increase injury morbidity and return-to-play time. Currently, evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of trunk pain in athletes are limited. Thus, we provide an overview of atraumatic sport-related injuries to the thoracic spine (disc herniation, scoliosis, kyphosis), ribcage (bone stress injury, costochondritis, Tietze syndrome, slipping rib syndrome, costovertebral or costotransverse joint dysfunction), and chest and abdominal wall musculature (intercostal, serratus anterior, oblique strains, regional myofascial pain), highlighting sport-specific biomechanical considerations. We aim to increase awareness of these causes of trunk pain among sports medicine providers in an effort to guide diagnostic and treatment recommendations that will ultimately improve overall musculoskeletal health in athletes.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Ribs; Spinal Curvatures; Sprains and Strains; Thoracic Vertebrae; Torso
PubMed: 33655996
DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000819