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European Spine Journal : Official... May 2018Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the established technique for evaluating the spine. Unfortunately, the supine position of the patient during conventional MRI... (Review)
Review
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the established technique for evaluating the spine. Unfortunately, the supine position of the patient during conventional MRI scanning does not truly reflect the physiological forces experienced by the discoligamentous structures during normal upright posture and ambulation. Upright MRI is a relatively new technique that allows the patient to be scanned in several different weight-bearing positions, which may potentially demonstrate occult pathology not visualised in the supine position. The imaging technique and current clinical indications of upright spinal MRI would be discussed.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Posture; Standing Position; Weight-Bearing
PubMed: 28936611
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-017-5304-3 -
Journal of Applied Clinical Medical... Dec 2021This study examined the performance of a bladder volume measuring device, the BladderScan (BS) BVI9400. The use of the BS offers the possibility of assessing the bladder...
PURPOSE
This study examined the performance of a bladder volume measuring device, the BladderScan (BS) BVI9400. The use of the BS offers the possibility of assessing the bladder volume before positioning the patient and performing the daily image-guided radiotherapy procedure. Patients often cannot lie down before entering the treatment vault. Therefore, the BS was also assessed in a standing position.
METHODS
The repeatability precision was first evaluated, which is the variability of immediate repeated measures of the BS with same operator and subject. This was followed by the reproducibility precision of the BS in which the operator and subjects differ. Finally, the trueness was evaluated in terms of fixed and proportional bias of the results by applying weighted least-squares fitting. Note that 53 and 85 patient measurements were carried out in supine and standing position, respectively, each consisting of three repeated BS measurements. These were compared with the computed tomography (CT)-delineated bladder volume.
RESULTS
Repeatability was dependent on measurement value (heteroscedasticity) with σ (BS) = ±15 cm ± 10%. However, the total agreement between BS and CT was low with the 95% limits of agreement (LOAs) exceeding ±200 cm due to poor patient reproducibility and presence of fixed and proportional bias. Only in the best case of male patients in the supine position, three BS measurements, and correction for the fixed and proportional bias, 95% LOAs of [-147, +114] cm were obtained between CT and BS.
CONCLUSION
The agreement of the BVI9400 BS with CT was found to be too low for radiotherapy applications.
Topics: Humans; Male; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided; Reproducibility of Results; Standing Position; Supine Position; Ultrasonography; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 34676959
DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13424 -
Ergonomics Aug 2023This cross-sectional study examined the biomechanical effects of two active chairs (AC1: had the feature to pedal and slide forward on the seat pan; AC2: a multiaxial...
This cross-sectional study examined the biomechanical effects of two active chairs (AC1: had the feature to pedal and slide forward on the seat pan; AC2: a multiaxial motion seat pan) compared to a traditional office chair and standing workstation. Twenty-four healthy participants worked at each of the workstations for 60-min. The following equipment was used: Motion Capture, Electromyography, Ratings of Perceived Discomfort Questionnaire, and Exit Survey. The active protocol had positive effects on the body, including increased neuromuscular activity in the gastrocnemius, increased overall movement, and a more open trunk-thigh angle. Greater discomfort in the buttocks due to the lack of seat pan contour was reported for the AC1 which identified a need for a design modification. While standing, participants' shoulders were less flexed than when sitting in any of the three seats, however, greater discomfort was reported in the lower legs after 1 h of computer work. A comparison of four different workstations was conducted to further understand the use of active workstations. Active sitting was found to have positive effects on the body, such as allowing sitters to increase movement while sitting without the high activation of muscular activity. Standing can also provide a positive break from sitting.
Topics: Humans; Sitting Position; Posture; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ergonomics; Standing Position
PubMed: 36226515
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2132298 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Apr 2022The hip abductor muscles control the pelvis in the frontal plane and allow the maintenance of trunk position and dynamic balance during weight-bearing activities.
BACKGROUND
The hip abductor muscles control the pelvis in the frontal plane and allow the maintenance of trunk position and dynamic balance during weight-bearing activities.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the side-lying and standing positions for hip abductor strength assessment with regards to torque production and myolectric activity.
METHOD
Concentric and eccentric hip abductor peak torque and total work, and myoelectric activity of the tensor fascia lata, gluteus medius, and inferior and superior portions of the gluteus maximus muscles were measured during maximal isokinetic tests for hip abductor strength in the side-lying and standing positions. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare variables between the positions.
RESULTS
Peak torque values did not differ between side-lying and standing positions for both concentric and eccentric contraction modes (p > .05). During standing position, greater concentric total work was observed (p = .013). This position resulted in a lower activity of the tensor fascia lata muscle (p = .005) compared to side lying position. Myoelectric activity of gluteus medius, and inferior and superior portions of the gluteus maximus was similar between positions (p > .05).
CONCLUSION
Both positions presented similar peak torque values and, during the standing position, a greater concentric total work and lesser activation of the tensor fascia lata was observed. Standing position can be used when emphasis on the superior portion of gluteus maximus over the tensor fascia lata is intended.
Topics: Buttocks; Hip; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Standing Position; Thigh
PubMed: 35500969
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.02.011 -
Workplace Health & Safety Mar 2023Prolonged standing environments constitute an occupational risk factor for nurses, particularly for developing foot and ankle disorders. The definitions and potential... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Prolonged standing environments constitute an occupational risk factor for nurses, particularly for developing foot and ankle disorders. The definitions and potential relationship to hours spent walking or standing are poorly understood. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the main disorders found on nurses' ankles and feet, their prevalence, the influence of hours spent walking or standing, and gender differences.
METHODS
This review followed a previously published protocol. Primary and secondary studies were retrieved from relevant databases from December 2020 to March 2021. Potential articles were collated to Mendeley, and two independent reviewers assessed the title and abstracts. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were included. Two researchers retrieved and reviewed the full text of these studies independently. A predetermined extraction tool was used to retrieve relevant data, summarized in a tabular and narrative format.
FINDINGS
The most common disorder was pain, followed by numbness, burning feet, bunions, structural deformities, and calluses. Prevalence differed among studies, depending on settings and specific local policies. Various foot and ankle disorders and related variables have been found, with clear gaps that may be addressed in the future.
CONCLUSION/APPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE:
Few studies have focused on nurses' foot and ankle disorders. Mapping signs and symptoms may contribute to the future development of preventive interventions for nurses' workplaces.
Topics: Humans; Ankle; Foot Diseases; Standing Position; Walking; Pain; Nurses
PubMed: 36637114
DOI: 10.1177/21650799221137646 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2023In the past decade, university students have become more sedentary. A sedentary lifestyle is associated with an increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease....
In the past decade, university students have become more sedentary. A sedentary lifestyle is associated with an increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Methods that decrease sedentary lifestyles, such as the use of standing desks to increase physical activity, have been extensively examined. However, the effects of postprandial standing and sitting on energy metabolism have not yet been compared. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of standing after a meal on energy expenditure and glucose metabolism. Ten males participated in the present study. The experiment was initiated with 300 g of rice ingested as a carbohydrate load. The subjects maintained a standing or sitting position for 120 min after the meal. Energy expenditure was calculated from VO and VCO using the indirect calorimetry method. Glucose metabolism was assessed by measuring blood glucose levels and the exogenous glucose metabolic rate. Energy expenditure through standing after eating was approximately 0.16 ± 0.08 kcal/min higher than that through sitting. Blood glucose dynamics did not significantly differ between the standing and sitting positions. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the dynamics of the exogenous glucose metabolic rate between the standing and sitting positions. Standing for 2 h after a meal increased energy expenditure by 10.7 ± 4.6% without affecting glucose metabolism.
Topics: Male; Humans; Blood Glucose; Energy Metabolism; Standing Position; Obesity; Sitting Position
PubMed: 37887672
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206934 -
Ultraschall in Der Medizin (Stuttgart,... Jun 2023To describe the urethral course and position during urine leakage based on the visualized urethral mobility profile (UMP) and to explore the differences between supine...
OBJECTIVES
To describe the urethral course and position during urine leakage based on the visualized urethral mobility profile (UMP) and to explore the differences between supine and standing positions.
METHOD
This was a prospective study of 100 women with SUI and 100 control women who underwent a cough stress test (CST) with transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) in supine and standing positions. In the mid-sagittal plane, the UMP software automatically placed six equidistant points from the bladder neck (point 1) to the external urethral meatus (point 6). It determined the x and y coordinates of the points relative to the symphysis pubis. The distance between the points and symphysis pubis (dist. 1 to 6) was calculated using the formula SQRT (x2 + y2). The visualized UMP was created by reproducing the six points on a bitmap.
RESULTS
Valid UMP data of 78 control women and 90 women with SUI were analyzed. In the two positions, distances 1 to 6 were significantly greater in the SUI group than the continent group (all p < 0.05). During Valsalva, the distance between the mid-urethra (dist. 3 and 4) and the symphysis was significantly increased (all p < 0.001) in the SUI group. The visualized UMP showed a similar upper-urethral course in the two groups. The gap between the mid-urethra (points 3 and 4) and symphysis was wider in the SUI group.
CONCLUSION
The visualized UMP in supine and standing positions showed no difference in the bladder neck and upper urethral stability between incontinent and continent women, but mid-urethral stability was weaker in SUI.
Topics: Female; Humans; Urethra; Urinary Incontinence, Stress; Prospective Studies; Standing Position; Urodynamics
PubMed: 35168283
DOI: 10.1055/a-1700-2862 -
Journal of Biomechanics Jun 2023The aim of the study was to identify changes in the mechanism of postural control among ballroom dancers between standing solo and standing with a partner during...
The aim of the study was to identify changes in the mechanism of postural control among ballroom dancers between standing solo and standing with a partner during specific standard dance positions. Specifically, the study attempted to determine whether the male partner plays a stabilising role in the dance couple. A total of seven competitive dance couples participated in the study. The experimental procedure comprised four dance positions characteristic of international standard dances: standard, starting, chasse and contra check. The dance positions were staged twice - while standing solo and while standing with a partner. The assumption of the assessed position was preceded by a dance phase after which the participants were instructed to freeze on a force plate and hold the position for 30 s. To examine whether subjects standing solo or with partners had greater rambling (RM) or trembling (TR) components in their dance postural profile, the ratios of RM to the center of foot pressure (COP) and TR to COP were computed for velocity. No significant differences were observed in the velocity of COP between standing solo and standing with a partner (p > 0.05). However, during the standard and starting positions, female and male dancers standing solo were characterised by higher values of the velocity of RM/COP ratio and lower values of the velocity of TR/COP ratio than those standing with a partner (p < 0.05). According to the theory behind the RM and TR decomposition, an increase in TR components could indicate a higher reliance on spinal reflexes, which would suggest greater automaticity.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Postural Balance; Standing Position
PubMed: 37178495
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111621 -
Medicine Nov 2021It is recommended to use visual laryngoscope for tracheal intubation in a Corona Virus Disease 2019 patient to keep the operator farther from the patient. How the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
It is recommended to use visual laryngoscope for tracheal intubation in a Corona Virus Disease 2019 patient to keep the operator farther from the patient. How the position of the operator affects the distance in this setting is not ascertained. This manikin study compares the distances between the operator and the model and the intubation conditions when the operator is in sitting position and standing position, respectively.Thirty one anesthesiologists with minimum 3-years' work experiences participated in the study. The participant's posture was photographed when he performed tracheal intubation using UE visual laryngoscope in standing and sitting position, respectively. The shortest distance between the model's upper central incisor and operator's face screen (UF), the horizontal distance between the model's upper central incisor and the operator's face screen, the angle between the UF line and the vertical line of the model's upper central incisor were measured. The success rate of intubation, the duration of intubation procedure, the first-attempt success rate, the Cormack-Lehane grade, and operator comfort score were also recorded.When the operator performed the procedure in sitting position, the horizontal distance between the model's upper central incisor and the operator's face screen distance was significantly longer (9.5 [0.0-17.2] vs 24.3 [10.3-33.0], P ≤ .001) and the angle between the UF line and the vertical line of the model's upper central incisor angle was significantly larger (45.2 [16.3-75.5] vs 17.7 [0.0-38.9], P ≤ .001). There was no significant difference in UF distance when the operator changed the position. Cormack-Lehane grade was significantly improved when it was assessed using visual laryngoscope. Cormack-Lehane grade was not significantly different when the operator assessed it in sitting and standing position, respectively. No significant differences were found in the success rate, duration for intubation, first-attempt success rate, and operator comfort score.The operator is kept farther from the patient when he performs intubation procedure in sitting position. Meanwhile, it does not make the procedure more difficult or uncomfortable for the operator, though all the participants prefer to standing position.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Laryngoscopes; Laryngoscopy; Male; Manikins; Patient Positioning; Sitting Position; Standing Position
PubMed: 34871215
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027529 -
PloS One 2023Emotion recognition is key to interpersonal communication and to human-machine interaction. Body expression may contribute to emotion recognition, but most past studies...
Emotion recognition is key to interpersonal communication and to human-machine interaction. Body expression may contribute to emotion recognition, but most past studies focused on a few motions, limiting accurate recognition. Moreover, emotions in most previous research were acted out, resulting in non-natural motion, which is unapplicable in reality. We present an approach for emotion recognition based on body motion in naturalistic settings, examining authentic emotions, natural movement, and a broad collection of motion parameters. A lab experiment using 24 participants manipulated participants' emotions using pretested movies into five conditions: happiness, relaxation, fear, sadness, and emotionally-neutral. Emotion was manipulated within subjects, with fillers in between and a counterbalanced order. A motion capture system measured posture and motion during standing and walking; a force plate measured center of pressure location. Traditional statistics revealed nonsignificant effects of emotions on most motion parameters; only 7 of 229 parameters demonstrate significant effects. Most significant effects are in parameters representing postural control during standing, which is consistent with past studies. Yet, the few significant effects suggest that it is impossible to recognize emotions based on a single motion parameter. We therefore developed machine learning models to classify emotions using a collection of parameters, and examined six models: k-nearest neighbors, decision tree, logistic regression, and the support vector machine with radial base function and linear and polynomial functions. The decision tree using 25 parameters provided the highest average accuracy (45.8%), more than twice the random guess for five conditions, which advances past studies demonstrating comparable accuracies, due to our naturalistic setting. This research suggests that machine learning models are valuable for emotion recognition in reality and lays the foundation for further progress in emotion recognition models, informing the development of recognition devices (e.g., depth camera), to be used in home-setting human-machine interactions.
Topics: Humans; Emotions; Standing Position; Fear; Happiness; Walking
PubMed: 37703239
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290564