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Revista Latino-americana de Enfermagem 2023to identify the prevalence and factors associated with passive and active suicidal ideation throughout life among students entering graduate courses.
OBJECTIVE
to identify the prevalence and factors associated with passive and active suicidal ideation throughout life among students entering graduate courses.
METHOD
an analytical and cross-sectional study with a sample comprised of 321 students entering graduate courses. Multiple descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed.
RESULTS
the multivariate analyses indicated that passive and active suicidal ideation were similarly more prevalent among female students belonging to minority sexual orientations who engaged in daily physical activity ≤ 30 minutes/day and were victims of psychological violence in the past 12 months. Alcohol abuse, family relationships not impaired due to the demands imposed by stricto sensu graduate studies and low self-esteem were only associated with passive suicidal ideation. In turn, recent marijuana use in the last 30 days, poor interpersonal relationships with academic peers, and engagement in professional activities concomitantly with the demands imposed by graduate studies were only associated with active suicidal ideation.
CONCLUSION
high prevalence of lifetime passive and active suicidal ideation was identified among graduate students, and similarities and differences were verified between some associated factors for both outcomes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Alcoholism; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Students; Suicidal Ideation; Male
PubMed: 37729246
DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6581.3980 -
BMJ Open Apr 2017Acne, a very common skin disease, can result in psychological distress and sustain impairment in quality of life. Data on the prevalence of acne and the differences in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Acne, a very common skin disease, can result in psychological distress and sustain impairment in quality of life. Data on the prevalence of acne and the differences in gender, region and age are limited. The aim of this review is to estimate the prevalence of acne in Mainland China comprehensively and to quantify its association with gender, region and age.
METHODS
We searched electronic databases with predetermined search terms to identify relevant studies published between 1 January 1996 and 30 September 2016. We pointed out repeated results using Note Express software and evaluated the studies for inclusion. Two independent reviewers extracted the data, followed with statistical analyses using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2.0. A random effects model was adopted to calculate the overall pooled prevalence and to merge categories, including gender (males and females), region (Northern China and Southern China) and age (primary and secondary students: 7-17 years old; undergraduates: 18-23 years old; overall: no limits of age) for subgroup analyses. Logistic meta-regression analysis was used to clarify the associations between acne and the predictors age, gender and region using OR and their associated 95% CI.
RESULTS
25 relevant studies were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence rates of acne were 39.2% (95% CI 0.310 to 0.479). The prevalence rates in different age groups were 10.2% overall (95% CI 0.059 to 0.171), 50.2% for primary and secondary students (95% CI 0.451 to 0.554), and 44.5% for undergraduates (95% CI 0.358 to 0.534); by gender, the prevalence rates were 35.7% for females (95% CI 0.275 to 0.448) and 39.7% for males (95% CI 0.317 to 0.482); and by region, the prevalence rates were 34.2% for Northern China (95% CI 0.242 to 0.458) and 46.3% for Southern China (95% CI 0.374 to 0.555). The associations between acne and the predictors age, gender and region were statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
In Mainland China, primary and secondary students exhibited higher prevalence rates than undergraduate students; males had higher prevalence rates of acne than females; and the prevalence rates of acne in Southern China was higher than Northern China.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; China; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 28432064
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015354 -
International Journal of Public Health 2023We aimed to investigate the effect of physical activity (PA) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence and long-term survival, particularly in some...
We aimed to investigate the effect of physical activity (PA) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence and long-term survival, particularly in some specific population such as those with different socioeconomic status (SES). Multivariate regression and interaction analyses were conducted to deal with confounders and interacting factors. Active PA was associated with lower prevalence of NAFLD in both cohorts. Individuals with active-PA had better long-term survival compared to those with inactive-PA in both cohorts, and the results were only statistically significant in NAFLD defined by US fatty liver index (USFLI). We found clear evidence that the beneficial role of PA was more obvious in individuals with better SES, and the statistical significances were presented in both two hepatic steatosis index (HSI)-NAFLD cohorts from the NHANES III and NHANES 1999-2014. Results were consistent in all sensitivity analyses. We demonstrated the importance of PA in decrease the prevalence and mortality of NAFLD, and highlights the need for improving SES simultaneously to increase the protective effect of PA.
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Nutrition Surveys; Prevalence; Exercise; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 37206096
DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605031 -
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning Jan 2023To determine the prevalence of fixed vs. growth mindsets and imposter phenomenon (IP) scores among pharmacy students at one institution, identify variables that...
INTRODUCTION
To determine the prevalence of fixed vs. growth mindsets and imposter phenomenon (IP) scores among pharmacy students at one institution, identify variables that explained variance in fixed mindsets and IP, and determine if a correlation exists.
METHODS
A survey was developed and administered to first- to fourth-year students at the University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy. The survey included demographic questions, the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale (CIPS), and the Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale (ITIS). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted to determine the prevalence of IP and fixed vs. growth mindsets, identify variables that explained variance in CIPS and ITIS scores, and investigate if a correlation exists.
RESULTS
Pharmacy students reported a high rate of IP experiences; mean (SD) CIPS score of 67.2 (14). Thirty percent of students reported at least moderate IP experiences and 68.2% reported frequent or intense IP experiences. The majority of students (59.6%) reported a growth mindset. Gender was the only tested variable that explained variance in CIPS or ITIS scores, as male gender respondents had lower CIPS score as compared to those reporting female gender (63.27 vs 68.87, p=.006). A correlation was found between lower ITIS and higher CIPS scores (r = -0.221, P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Pharmacy students surveyed exhibited a high rate of IP and growth mindsets. Understanding that fixed mindsets and high rates of IP are correlated can help educators make informed decisions regarding targeted interventions, with the goal to improve overall student wellbeing.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Students, Pharmacy; Prevalence; Motivation; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 36898883
DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2023.02.009 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Due to environmental pollution, changes in lifestyle, and advancements in diagnostic technology, the prevalence of asthma has been increasing over the years. Although...
BACKGROUND
Due to environmental pollution, changes in lifestyle, and advancements in diagnostic technology, the prevalence of asthma has been increasing over the years. Although China has made early efforts in asthma epidemiology and prevention, there is still a lack of unified and comprehensive epidemiological research within the country. The objective of the study is to determine the nationwide prevalence distribution of asthma using the Baidu Index and China's Health Statistical Yearbook.
METHODS
Based on China's Health Statistical Yearbook, we analyzed the gender and age distribution of asthma in China from 2011 to 2020, as well as the length of hospitalization and associated costs. By utilizing the Baidu Index and setting the covering all 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China, we obtained the Baidu Index for the keyword 'asthma'. Heatmaps and growth ratios described the prevalence and growth of asthma in mainland China.
RESULTS
The average expenditure for discharged asthma (standard deviation) patients was ¥5,870 (808). The average length of stay (standard deviation) was 7.9 (0.38) days. During the period of 2011 to 2020, hospitalization expenses for asthma increased while the length of hospital stay decreased. The proportion of discharged patients who were children under the age of 5 were 25.3% (2011), 19.4% (2012), 16% (2013), 17.9% (2014), 13.9% (2015), 11.3% (2016), 10.2% (2017), 9.4% (2018), 8.1% (2019), and 7.2% (2020), respectively. The prevalence of asthma among boys was higher than girls before the age of 14. In contrast, the proportion of women with asthma was larger than men after the age of 14. During the period from 2011 to 2020, the median [The first quartile (Q1)-the third quartile (Q3)] daily asthma Baidu index in Guangdong, Beijing, Jiangsu, Sichuan, and Zhejiang were 419 (279-476), 328 (258-376), 315 (227-365), 272 (166-313), and 312 (233-362) respectively. Coastal regions showed higher levels of attention toward asthma, indicating a higher incidence rate. Since 2014, there has been a rapid increase in the level of attention toward asthma, with the provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan, and Guangdong experiencing the fastest growth.
CONCLUSION
There are regional variations in the prevalence of asthma among different provinces in China, and the overall prevalence of asthma is increasing.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Female; Prevalence; China; Age Distribution; Hospitalization; Asthma
PubMed: 37869190
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1221852 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... 2015Bipolar disorder (BD) is common in clinical psychiatric practice, and several studies have estimated its prevalence to range from 0.5 to 5% in community-based samples.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Bipolar disorder (BD) is common in clinical psychiatric practice, and several studies have estimated its prevalence to range from 0.5 to 5% in community-based samples. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of BD type 1 and type 2 has been published in the literature. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the lifetime and 1-year prevalence of BD type 1 and type 2 and assessed whether the prevalence of BD changed according to the diagnostic criteria adopted (DSM-III, DSM-III-R vs. DSM-IV).
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and the reference lists of identified studies. The analyses included 25 population- or community-based studies and 276,221 participants.
RESULTS
The pooled lifetime prevalence of BD type 1 was 1.06% (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.81-1.31) and that of BD type 2 was 1.57% (95%CI 1.15-1.99). The pooled 1-year prevalence was 0.71% (95%CI 0.56-0.86) for BD type 1 and 0.50% (95%CI 0.35-0.64) for BD type 2. Subgroup analysis showed a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of BD type 1 according to the DSM-IV criteria compared to the DSM-III and DSM-IIIR criteria (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis confirms that estimates of BD type 1 and type 2 prevalence are low in the general population. The increase in prevalence from DSM-III and DSM-III-R to DSM-IV may reflect different factors, such as minor changes in diagnostic operationalization, use of different assessment instruments, or even a genuine increase in the prevalence of BD.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bipolar Disorder; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Middle Aged; Prevalence
PubMed: 25946396
DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2012-1693 -
International Journal of Oral and... Jun 2022The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of maxillary sinus septa using cone beam computed tomography and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of maxillary sinus septa using cone beam computed tomography and computed tomography data. Publications were searched until October 5, 2020 in three electronic databases. Additionally, article bibliographies were searched, and authors were contacted if required. This review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019124933). Two independent evaluators assessed methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute levels of evidence; inter-rater reliability tests were performed (Cohen's κ). The prevalence of maxillary sinus septa was expressed as a proportion; differences according to sex were reported in terms of the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Heterogeneity and sources of heterogeneity were evaluated by meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed by visual analysis of the funnel plot. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The 62 studies identified and included in the review involved 13,701 patients (22,460 sinuses). The meta-analysis of 35 studies (14,664 sinuses) revealed an overall mean sinus septa prevalence per sinus of 33.2% (95% CI 27.8-38.5%; I = 98.32%). The meta-analysis of 42 studies (9631 patients) found an overall mean sinus septa prevalence per patient of 41.0% (95% CI 36.0-46.0%, I = 96.45%). The OR for the difference in septa prevalence between sexes was 0.785 (95% CI 0.590-1.046; P = 0.098, I = 73.24%). Septa were most frequent in the middle area of the sinus and with a transverse orientation (86.0%). Within the limitations, the results suggest a high proportion of septa in the sinus, commonly in the middle area, which can interfere with the success of sinus floor elevation required for implant rehabilitation.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Humans; Maxillary Sinus; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Sinus Floor Augmentation
PubMed: 34742634
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.10.008 -
Advances in Neonatal Care : Official... Dec 2023Nursing assessment of milk flow regulation and associated apnea, bradycardia, and desaturation (ABD events) contribute to considerations for the discharge of newborns...
BACKGROUND
Nursing assessment of milk flow regulation and associated apnea, bradycardia, and desaturation (ABD events) contribute to considerations for the discharge of newborns from the acute care setting. Research regarding infant feeding-related (FR) events (sucking and swallowing difficulties) and ABD events in moderate to late-preterm and full-term infants is lacking.
PURPOSE
This study observes the impact of FR and ABD events during feeding on hospital length of stay (LOS) and healthcare utilization (cost) in moderate-to-late preterm newborns, as well as full-term infants.
METHODS
In a retrospective study, bottle-fed infants admitted to the level II specialty care nursery of an academic community hospital in Southern California were observed for FR and ABD events. Statistical analyses were used to determine the impact of FR events on adjusted LOS, to evaluate the interaction between FR event status and adjusted LOS on total hospital charges, and to assess the statistical independence between FR events and diagnostic-related group severity.
RESULTS
The full sample of patient records included 308 infants born between 32- and 44-week gestational age between April 1, 2018, and October 31, 2022. LOS was twice as long in infants who had FR events. Total median charges were higher in the group with FR events at $160,165 versus $64,380 with non-FR events.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH
Increased knowledge in the epidemiology and nursing care of infants experiencing milk flow regulation and associated ABD events is critical for informing practices and guidelines related to the prevention of related morbidities.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Infant, Premature; Length of Stay; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Gestational Age
PubMed: 37862366
DOI: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000001115 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Dec 2022No large-scale epidemiological survey on the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in China has been conducted. China has a large population and a complex... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
No large-scale epidemiological survey on the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in China has been conducted. China has a large population and a complex geographical environment. It is important to understand the prevalence and spatial distribution of GERD in China.
AIM
To explore the prevalence and the spatial, temporal, and population distributions of GERD in the natural Chinese population.
METHODS
We searched Chinese and English databases for literature on the prevalence of GERD in the natural Chinese population. The prevalence of GERD was pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Subgroup analysis was performed according to time, region, and population. We used ArcGIS software to draw statistical maps and trend analysis charts. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was carried out using Geoda software. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the spatial distribution relationship between GERD and upper digestive tract tumours.
RESULTS
Altogether, 70 studies involving 276014 individuals from 24 provinces of China were included. The overall pooled prevalence of GERD was 8.7% (95%CI: 7.5%-9.9%) in mainland China. Over the past two decades, the prevalence of GERD in China has increased from 6.0% to 10.6%. GERD was more common in people aged 40-60, with body mass index ≥ 24, and of Uygur ethnicity. The prevalence was higher in the west and east than in the centre, and there may be a local spatial autocorrelation between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the southeast. GERD was correlated with gastric ( = 0.421, = 0.041) and oesophageal tumours ( = 0.511, = 0.011) in spatial distribution.
CONCLUSION
GERD is becoming common in China. The prevalence differs by region and population. The development of appropriate strategies for the prevention and treatment of GERD is needed.
Topics: Humans; Risk Factors; Gastroesophageal Reflux; China; Prevalence; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 36533111
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i45.6410 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Oct 2022The anconeus epitrochlearis (AE) muscle is an accessory muscle located between the medial cortex of the olecranon and the inferior surface of the medial epicondyle,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The anconeus epitrochlearis (AE) muscle is an accessory muscle located between the medial cortex of the olecranon and the inferior surface of the medial epicondyle, posterior to the ulnar nerve. This muscle may compress the ulnar nerve causing a clinical neuropathy. We aimed to determine the gender and side characteristics of the AE muscle in patients who underwent elbow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and report its prevalence in a Turkish population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 209 patients (210 elbows) who underwent elbow MRI between January and December 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Cases with the AE muscle were included in the study. The craniocaudal (CC) dimension was examined from the coronal section, and the transverse (TR) and anteroposterior (AP) dimensions from the axial sections. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the relationship between the presence of the AE muscle and age, gender, and side (right/left). Differences between sexes and sides in terms of muscle sizes were evaluated using statistical tests.
RESULTS
The AE muscle was detected in 17 patients (18 elbows) (8.1%). The mean age of the patients was 41.52 ± 14.63 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the male and female patients in terms of age. This accessory muscle was found in nine female (9.8%) and eight male (6.3%) patients in total. There was one (0.5%) patient with the bilateral AE muscle, who was female. The accessory muscle was located in the right elbow in 13 patients (10.71%), and left elbow in five (4.10%). It was more common in the right elbow in both genders. The muscle was larger in the male patients and the right elbow, but this was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of the AE muscle was determined to be 8.1% in a Turkish population, and this muscle was more common among the women and in the right elbow.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Elbow; Retrospective Studies; Prevalence; Ulnar Nerve; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 36151223
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-022-03021-7