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Transboundary and Emerging Diseases Sep 2022Human bocaviruses (HBoVs) are recently described as human emergent viruses, especially in young children. In this study, we undertook a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Human bocaviruses (HBoVs) are recently described as human emergent viruses, especially in young children. In this study, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate their prevalence in Europe. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were systematically screened for clinical studies, up to October 2020. Study eligibility criteria were primary full-text articles from clinical studies, conducted using valid screening test methods and published in peer-reviewed journals, in English or Spanish and from European countries. The overall pooled prevalence, prevalence by country as well as the prevalence of HBoV as a single or co-pathogen were estimated using a random-effects model. Sub-group and meta-regression analyses explored potential sources of heterogeneity in the data. A total of 35 studies involving 32,656 subjects from 16 European countries met the inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity (I = 97.0%, p < .01) was seen among studies; HBoV prevalence varied from 2.0 to 45.69% with a pooled estimate of 9.57% (95%CI 7.66-11.91%). The HBoV prevalence both as a single infection (3.99%; 95%CI 2.99-5.31%) or as co-infection with other viruses (5.06%; 95%CI 3.88-6.58%) was also analysed. On a geographic level, prevalence by country did not show statistical differences, ranging from 3.24% (Greece) to 21.05% (Denmark). An odds ratio analysis was also included in order to evaluate the relevance of the variable 'age' as a risk factor of HBoV infection in children <5 years old. The OR value of 1.77 (95%CI 1.13-2.77; p < .01) indicated that being <5 years old is a risk factor for HBoV infection. This study showed that HBoV has a moderate prevalence among European countries.
Topics: Animals; Human bocavirus; Humans; Parvoviridae Infections; Prevalence; Respiratory Tract Infections; Viruses
PubMed: 34250765
DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14233 -
The Journal of Membrane Biology Feb 2022Bound cholesterol molecules are emerging as important hallmarks of GPCR structures. In this commentary, we analyze their statistical prevalence and biological relevance.
Bound cholesterol molecules are emerging as important hallmarks of GPCR structures. In this commentary, we analyze their statistical prevalence and biological relevance.
Topics: Cholesterol; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Prevalence; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
PubMed: 34365520
DOI: 10.1007/s00232-021-00197-8 -
Revista de Saude Publica 2023Identifying and mapping the literature regarding sexual violence against Brazilian boys and men, as well as describing its underreporting, prevalence, and associated... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Identifying and mapping the literature regarding sexual violence against Brazilian boys and men, as well as describing its underreporting, prevalence, and associated factors.
METHODS
We conducted a scoping review by searching PubMed, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were: (a) surveys including data on sexual violence; (b) inclusion of boys or men as victims of sexual violence; (c) presenting statistical data on prevalence, underreporting, and factors associated with sexual violence among Brazilian boys and men.
RESULTS
We found a total of 1,481 papers. Ultimately, 53 were included and had their data extracted. Most studies are quantitative in nature (n = 48). The total number of participants across studies was 1,416,480 and the prevalence of sexual violence ranged from 0.1% to 71%. It is important to note that underreporting statistical data was cited in several studies. The group with the highest prevalences was men who have sex with men and those with sexual dysfunctions. Increased tendency to drug use, social isolation, unprotected anal sex, suicidal ideation, sexual dysfunction, and post-traumatic stress disorder were statistically significant predictors for having experienced sexual violence.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the prevalence of sexual violence being high against Brazilian boys and men, this area of is surprisingly understudied and there are few studies with this exclusive scope. Social cultural issues, such as sexism, contribute to the underreporting of sexual violence. Additionally, we identified issues related to mental, sexual and reproductive health to be associated with sexual violence. Based on our findings, we recommend the implementation and development of a structural infrastructure aimed at supporting boys and men who are victims of sexual violence, and preventing negative outcomes for this affected group.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prevalence; Brazil; Homosexuality, Male; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sex Offenses
PubMed: 37075406
DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057004523 -
Parasitology Jul 2022Long-term, inter-annual and seasonal variation in temperature and precipitation influence the distribution and prevalence of intraerythrocytic haemosporidian parasites....
Long-term, inter-annual and seasonal variation in temperature and precipitation influence the distribution and prevalence of intraerythrocytic haemosporidian parasites. We characterized the climatic niche behind the prevalence of the three main haemosporidian genera (, and ) in central-eastern Mexico, to understand their main climate drivers. Then, we projected the influence of climate change over prevalence distribution in the region. Using the MaxEnt modelling algorithm, we assessed the relative contribution of bioclimatic predictor variables to identify those most influential to haemosporidian prevalence in different avian communities within the region. Two contrasting climate change scenarios for 2070 were used to create distribution models to explain spatial turnover in prevalence caused by climate change. We assigned our study sites into polygonal operational climatic units (OCUs) and used the general haemosporidian prevalence for each OCU to indirectly measure environmental suitability for these parasites. A high statistical association between global prevalence and the bioclimatic variables ‘mean diurnal temperature range’ and ‘annual temperature range’ was found. Climate change projections for 2070 showed a significant modification of the current distribution of suitable climate areas for haemosporidians in the study region.
Topics: Animals; Bird Diseases; Climate Change; Haemosporida; Mexico; Parasites; Phylogeny; Plasmodium; Prevalence
PubMed: 35535473
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182022000683 -
Genetic Epidemiology Mar 2021Estimating the prevalence of rare germline genetic mutations in the general population is of interest as it can inform genetic counseling and risk management. Most... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Estimating the prevalence of rare germline genetic mutations in the general population is of interest as it can inform genetic counseling and risk management. Most studies that estimate the prevalence of mutations are performed in high-risk populations, and each study is designed with differing inclusion criteria, resulting in ascertained populations. Quantifying the effects of ascertainment is necessary to estimate the prevalence in the general population. This quantification is difficult as the inclusion criteria is often based on disease status and/or family history. Combining estimates from multiple studies through a meta-analysis is challenging due to the variety of study designs and ascertainment mechanisms as well as the complexity of quantifying the effect of these mechanisms. We provide guidelines on how to quantify the ascertainment mechanism for a wide range of settings and propose a general approach for conducting a meta-analysis in these complex settings by incorporating study-specific ascertainment mechanisms into a joint likelihood function. We implement the proposed likelihood-based approach using both frequentist and Bayesian methodologies. We evaluate these approaches in simulations and show that the methods are robust and produce unbiased estimates of the prevalence. An advantage of the Bayesian approach is that it can easily incorporate uncertainty in ascertainment probability values. We apply our methods to estimate the prevalence of PALB2 mutations in the United States by combining data from multiple studies and obtain a prevalence estimate of around 0.02%.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Humans; Likelihood Functions; Models, Genetic; Mutation; Prevalence
PubMed: 33000511
DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22364 -
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and... Feb 2021The aim of the current review is to describe the prevalence and demographic correlates of mental health disorders among undergraduate university students in the United... (Review)
Review
The aim of the current review is to describe the prevalence and demographic correlates of mental health disorders among undergraduate university students in the United States. A search strategy was built and conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL to identify studies published between 2009 and 2019 on the prevalence of mental health disorders, as defined in the fourth and fifth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, in undergraduate students in the United States. A total of 12 studies were included in the final data extraction. The highest prevalence rates were identified in eating disorders, which ranged from 19% to 48%, followed by compulsive disorders (2% to 12.27%), depression (22%), posttraumatic stress disorder (8%), and sleep disorders (9.4% to 36%). The identified prevalence of mental health disorders is high, and the subsequent impact on this population is worrying. There is an urgent need to develop strategies for early screening and management of mental health services in university settings. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59(2), 17-24.].
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Prevalence; Students; United States; Universities
PubMed: 33180947
DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20201104-03 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2020The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in India. The secondary objective was to evaluate... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in India. The secondary objective was to evaluate the prevalence rate according to the differences in gender, age, regions, type of TDI and risk factors associated with TDI.
METHODS
The PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINHAL, and Scopus databases, along with the Public Health Electronic Library, TRoPHI and DoPHER were searched from 1 March to 15April 2019 without any restriction of language and year of publication. The qualitative synthesis was done regarding the demographics, study methods, cause of trauma, geographic location, increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage. The meta-analysis was undertaken with STATA-14 software (USA). The pooled prevalence of TDI was calculated using data extracted from 48 studies included in qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. A sub-group meta-analysis was done by extraction of the data for age groups of 6 years and >6 years.
RESULTS
The pooled prevalence of TDI in Indian population was 13 cases in 100 individuals. The prevalence of TDI for age groups of ≤6 was 15% (males, 15%; females, 16%) and for >6 years was 12% (males, 13%; females, 8%). The most common cause of TDI was falls, and most frequent location was home. The odds ratio for occurrence of TDI and inadequate lip-coverage was 3.35 and overjet greater than 3 mm was 3.53.
CONCLUSIONS
The pooled prevalence of TDI was 13% and slightly higher in children less than 6 years of age. Inadequate lip coverage and increased overjet are the risk factors associated with TDI. Heterogeneity was observed among the studies in terms of design, variables recorded, sampling, study methods and statistical methods. Majority of them also suffered from moderate to high risk of bias.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Child; Female; Humans; India; Male; Overbite; Prevalence; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 33107464
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_953_19 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) require population-based data on children with disabilities to inform global policies and intervention programs....
OBJECTIVE
The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) require population-based data on children with disabilities to inform global policies and intervention programs. We set out to compare the prevalence estimates of disabilities among children and adolescents younger than 20 years as reported by the world's leading organizations for global health statistics.
METHODS
We purposively searched the disability reports and databases of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank and the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study. We analyzed the latest disability data reported by these organizations since 2015. We examined the methodologies adopted in generating the reported prevalence estimates and evaluated the degree of agreement among the data sources using Welch's test of statistical difference, and the two one-sided test (TOST) for statistical equivalence.
RESULTS
Only UNICEF and GBD provided the most comprehensive prevalence estimates of disabilities in children and adolescents. Globally, UNICEF estimated that 28.9 million (4.3%) children aged 0-4 years, 207.4 million (12.5%) children aged 5-17 years and 236.4 million (10.1%) children aged 0-17 years have moderate-to-severe disabilities based on household surveys of child functional status. Using the UNICEF estimated prevalence of 10.1%, approximately 266 million children aged 0-19 years are expected to have moderate-to-severe disabilities. In contrast, GBD 2019 estimated that 49.8 million (7.5%) children aged under 5 years, 241.5 million (12.6%) children aged 5-19 years and 291.3 million (11.3%) children younger than 20 years have mild-to-severe disabilities. In both databases, Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia accounted for more than half of children with disabilities. A comparison of the UNICEF and GBD estimates showed that the overall mean prevalence estimates for children under 5 years were statistically different and not statistically equivalent based on ±3 percentage-point margin. However, the prevalence estimates for children 5-19 years and < 20 years were not statistically different and were statistically equivalent.
CONCLUSION
Prevalence estimates of disabilities among children and adolescents generated using either functional approach or statistical modeling appear to be comparable and complementary. Improved alignment of the age-groups, thresholds of disability and the estimation process across databases, particularly among children under 5 years should be considered. Children and adolescents with disabilities will be well-served by a variety of complementary data sources to optimize their health and well-being as envisioned in the SDGs.
Topics: Adolescent; Africa South of the Sahara; Child; Child, Preschool; Disabled Persons; Global Burden of Disease; Global Health; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 36249226
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.977453 -
Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano... Aug 2021The scarce studies regarding the non-professional caregivers health have focused more on the repercussions of care on their mental health than on the study of... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
The scarce studies regarding the non-professional caregivers health have focused more on the repercussions of care on their mental health than on the study of musculoskeletal injuries (MSI), despite the fact that care can cause the development of MSI, due to the personal characteristics of the caregiver or the environment that surrounds them.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the factors associated with MSI in elderly caregivers in a second-level hospital in Mexico and to know its prevalence.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Analytical observational study; a questionnaire was administered to 283 elderly caregivers and their dependents. The survey included 62 variables related to environmental factors, factors inherent to care, and personal factors, in addition to the site of MSI; statistical analysis was descriptive and analytical (multivariate model).
RESULTS
Prevalence of MSI in older adult caregivers was 34.6%. Main factors associated were being female, having some comorbidity, duration of care greater than 13 hours a day for more than 13 months, a physical area reduced to provide care and social isolation. These factors increased between 1.9 and 12 the risk of suffering an MSI. Musculoskeletal injuries occurred mainly at the lumbar level of the spine.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report in Mexico that identifies the prevalence of MSI in older adult caregivers and the factors associated with them.
Topics: Aged; Caregivers; Female; Humans; Mental Health; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Prevalence; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35020291
DOI: No ID Found -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2023The aim: To study the dynamics of tobacco smoking prevalence among students and to find out the main directions of its prevention.
OBJECTIVE
The aim: To study the dynamics of tobacco smoking prevalence among students and to find out the main directions of its prevention.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: The research involved 647 students (men and women) of the first - fourth instructional years of pedagogical specialties. The research was conducted during 2020-2022. The research methods included analysis and generalization of literary source on the research topic, documentary method, questionnaires, pedagogical observation and statistical methods.
RESULTS
Results: It was found that the phenomenon of tobacco smoking has long historical roots and is widespread in all countries of the world. It was found that 32.4 % of male students and 14.9 % of female ones smoke; herewith, 16.0 % of male and 8.3 % of female students smoke up to 10 cigarettes per day. It is established that a number of normative legal documents have been adopted and a system of preventive measures has been developed in order to counteract smoking among students.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: Smoking is a significant health and social problem the solution of which requires significant human and financial resources. Despite some achievements in this area, the active involvement of not only men, but also women, mainly students, in smoking is of particular concern. The use of tobacco products provokes a threat to the health of students and the population as a whole, which requires additional efforts on the part of society, government agencies and non-governmental organizations to prevent this addiction.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Smoking; Students; Tobacco Smoking
PubMed: 37740970
DOI: 10.36740/WLek202308111