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Future Microbiology Jan 2021To evaluate the activity of five antimicrobials against young and mature biofilms. Nineteen clinical strains from hemoculture of hemodialysis patients were tested for...
To evaluate the activity of five antimicrobials against young and mature biofilms. Nineteen clinical strains from hemoculture of hemodialysis patients were tested for biofilm kinetics, MIC and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) in young and mature biofilms. All strains were moderate biofilm producers. MIC showed total susceptibility to levofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and partial resistance to ceftazidime (63.2%) and gentamicin (21%). Young and mature biofilms showed the lowest MBIC/MIC ratio for gentamicin, chloramphenicol and levofloxacin, respectively. The highest MBIC/MIC was for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (young) and ceftazidime (mature). Gentamicin displayed surprising activity against biofilms. Chloramphenicol was indicated as a good option against young biofilms, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole showed limited antibiofilm activity.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Ceftazidime; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Levofloxacin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
PubMed: 33470844
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0115 -
Phytopathology Oct 2023is a versatile bacterium found in plants, water, air, and even hospital settings. Deep taxono phylogenomics studies have revealed that is a complex of several hidden...
is a versatile bacterium found in plants, water, air, and even hospital settings. Deep taxono phylogenomics studies have revealed that is a complex of several hidden species that are not differentiated using conventional approaches. In the last two decades, there have been increasing reports of as a pathogen of diverse plants. Hence, proper taxonogenomic assessment of plant-pathogenic strains and species within the complex (Smc) is required. In the present study, we formally propose a taxonomic amendment of and , reported as pathogens of and Betelvine () plants, respectively, as a misclassified member species of the Smc. Recently, a novel species of the genus, , was reported as a leaf spot pathogen of the oak tree genus . Interestingly, our investigation also revealed as another plant-pathogenic member species of the Smc lineage. In addition, we provide deep phylo-taxonogenomic evidence that strain JZL8, reported as a plant pathogen, is a misclassified strain of , making it the fourth member species of the Smc harboring plant-pathogenic strains. Therefore, a proper taxonomic assessment of plant-pathogenic strains and species from the Smc is required for further systematic studies and management.
Topics: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; Pseudomonas
PubMed: 37202377
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-22-0434-SC -
Journal of the European Academy of... Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cellulitis; Skin Diseases, Infectious
PubMed: 36682050
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18902 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology Sep 2023This work investigated the genetic relationship among strains in fecal samples from dairy cows in northeast China and identified the dominant β-lactamase genotype. One...
This work investigated the genetic relationship among strains in fecal samples from dairy cows in northeast China and identified the dominant β-lactamase genotype. One hundred and six samples were collected from two randomly selected cow farms in northeast China, and the isolates were identified with MALDI-TOF/MS. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted using Illumina HiSeq 4000-PE150 platform (Illumina, Inc., USA). The antimicrobial resistance genes were detected using CGE services. The phylogenetic analysis of strains was performed by Roary and MEGA X. In total, 24 isolates were isolated. The results of resistome analysis showed all strains carrying gene, which was the only β-lactamase genotype. In addition, the aminoglycoside resistance genes and were found. The phylogenetic tree indicated the clonal diversity of in these two regions and the clonal relatedness of the strains from these regions. This study first investigated the dissemination and characterization of isolates from dairy cows in northeast China and provided evidence of the potential transmission between two provinces. Furthermore, it indicated was the most prevalent genotype of β-lactamase in these regions.
Topics: Animals; Female; Cattle; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Phylogeny; China; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 37725894
DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-032 -
Research in Microbiology 2022Maltocin P28, produced by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia P28, is an R-type phage tail-like bacteriocin (PTLB). Its gene cluster consists of 23 putative genes, including...
Maltocin P28, produced by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia P28, is an R-type phage tail-like bacteriocin (PTLB). Its gene cluster consists of 23 putative genes, including nine nonstructural genes and fourteen structural genes. In this work, three nonstructural genes, mpsA, mpsH and mpsR, were found to encode transcriptional regulators to control maltocin P28 synthesis. MpsA activated the transcription of mpsH and lysis genes. MpsH activated the transcription of structural genes. Under normal growth conditions, MpsR repressed the transcription of mpsA and the structural genes, as well as its own. When S. maltophilia P28 was treated with mitomycin C, an immediate and significant decrease in the amount of MpsR was observed, followed by derepressed expression of mpsA, mpsR and structural genes, a marked rise in the expression of all regulatory and structural genes, and finally a clear increase in the maltocin P28 production. Neither the recA gene nor the lexA gene was found to be involved in the induced synthesis of maltocin P28. Our study indicated that a unique mechanism regulates the expression of maltocin genes in S. maltophilia, representing a novel strategy for balancing the expression of PTLB genes in bacteria.
Topics: Bacteriocins; Multigene Family; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
PubMed: 35569725
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2022.103956 -
Journal of Applied Genetics May 2023Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a species with immensely broad phenotypic and genotypic diversity that could widely distribute in natural and clinical environments....
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a species with immensely broad phenotypic and genotypic diversity that could widely distribute in natural and clinical environments. However, little attention has been paid to reveal their genome plasticity to diverse environments. In the present study, a comparative genomic analysis of S. maltophilia isolated from clinical and natural sources was systematically explored its genetic diversity of 42 sequenced genomes. The results showed that S. maltophilia owned an open pan-genome and had strong adaptability to different environments. A total of 1612 core genes were existed with an average of 39.43% of each genome, and the shared core genes might be necessary to maintain the basic characteristics of those S. maltophilia strains. Based on the results of the phylogenetic tree, the ANI value, and the distribution of accessory genes, genes associated with the fundamental process of those strains from the same habitat were found to be mostly conserved in evolution. Isolates from the same habitat had a high degree of similarity in COG category, and the most significant KEGG pathways were mainly involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, indicating that genes related to essential processes were mostly conserved in evolution for the clinical and environmental settings. Meanwhile, the number of resistance and efflux pump gene was significantly higher in the clinical setting than that of in the environmental setting. Collectively, this study highlights the evolutionary relationships of S. maltophilia isolated from clinical and environmental sources, shedding new light on its genomic diversity.
Topics: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Phylogeny; Phenotype; Genomics; Genetic Variation
PubMed: 36892794
DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00752-0 -
Journal of Virology Feb 2024Phage therapy has become a viable antimicrobial treatment as an alternative to antibiotic treatment, with an increase in antibiotic resistance. Phage resistance is a...
Phage therapy has become a viable antimicrobial treatment as an alternative to antibiotic treatment, with an increase in antibiotic resistance. Phage resistance is a major limitation in the therapeutic application of phages, and the lack of understanding of the dynamic changes between bacteria and phages constrains our response strategies to phage resistance. In this study, we investigated the changing trends of mutual resistance between () and its lytic phage, BUCT603. Our results revealed that resisted phage infection through mutations in the cell membrane proteins, while the evolved phage re-infected the resistant strain primarily through mutations in structure-related proteins. Compared with the wild-type strain (SMA118), the evolved phage-resistant strain (R118-2) showed reduced virulence, weakened biofilm formation ability, and reduced resistance to aminoglycosides. In addition, the evolved phage BUCT603B1 in combination with kanamycin could inhibit the development of phage-resistant and significantly improve the survival rate of -infected mice. Altogether, these results suggest that characterization of bacteria-phage co-evolutionary relationships is a useful research tool to optimize phages for the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections.IMPORTANCEPhage therapy is a promising approach to treat infections caused by drug-resistant . However, the rapid development of phage resistance has hindered the therapeutic application of phages. evolutionary studies of bacteria-phage co-cultures can elucidate the mechanism of resistance development between phage and its host. In this study, we investigated the resistance trends between and its phage and found that inhibition of phage adsorption is the primary strategy by which bacteria resist phage infection , while phages can re-infect bacterial cells by identifying other adsorption receptors. Although the final bacterial mutants were no longer infected by phages, they incurred a fitness cost that resulted in a significant reduction in virulence. In addition, the combination treatment with phage and aminoglycoside antibiotics could prevent the development of phage resistance in . These findings contribute to increasing the understanding of the co-evolutionary relationships between phages and .
Topics: Animals; Mice; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophages; Mutation; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Biological Evolution
PubMed: 38189285
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01249-23 -
Infection Control and Hospital... Sep 2023From April 1, 2016, through March 31, 2022, growth of from clinical specimens at our academic medical center was significantly more likely during July-September than...
From April 1, 2016, through March 31, 2022, growth of from clinical specimens at our academic medical center was significantly more likely during July-September than during other calendar quarters.
Topics: Humans; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36416200
DOI: 10.1017/ice.2022.280 -
Virus Research Jun 2022Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is an important Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is widely distributed in nature. S. maltophilia is highly...
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is an important Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is widely distributed in nature. S. maltophilia is highly drug-resistant because of its intrinsic properties and acquired drug resistance involving multiple molecular mechanisms, which creates a critical situation for infection therapy. Hence, there is an urgent need for alternative antimicrobial strategies to combat S. maltophilia. Herein, a novel S. maltophilia bacteriophage (phage) in family Podoviridae, named BUCT598, was isolated from hospital sewage and characterized to evaluate its potential as an antibacterial agent. The one-step growth curve showed that its latent period and burst size were approximately 30 min and 165 PFU/cell, respectively. Furthermore, phage BUCT598 survived within an extremely broad pH range (1-11), indicating its outstanding tolerance to both extremely acidic and extremely alkaline conditions. The whole-genome sequence of phage BUCT598 showed that it was a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 43,581 bp and 60% GC content. We identified 55 putative gene products involved in DNA replication, packaging, structure, and cell lysis. Whole-genome sequence comparisons among closely related phages indicated that phage BUCT598 had the highest sequence similarity with S. maltophilia phage BUCT609, with 52% query coverage and 76.40% identity, suggesting that it is a novel phage. Our findings indicate the great potential of phage BUCT598 as an alternative antimicrobial agent to eliminate S. maltophilia, and provide additional evidence that will help to understand how phages adapt and evolve under extreme environmental conditions, thereby opening up more extensive biotechnology applications of phages.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Genome, Viral; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Podoviridae; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
PubMed: 35307481
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198751 -
Virus Genes Oct 2022Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has been recognized as an emerging global opportunistic pathogen, and it is intrinsically resistant to most antibiotics, which makes the...
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has been recognized as an emerging global opportunistic pathogen, and it is intrinsically resistant to most antibiotics, which makes the limited choice for treating S. maltophilia infections. Bacteriophage with the proper characterization is considered as a promising alternative treatment option to control S. maltophilia infections. In this study, we isolated a novel Siphoviridae bacteriophage vB_SmaS_BUCT626 with lytic activity against S. maltophilia. Phage vB_SmaS_BUCT626 can lysis 10 of 20 S. maltophilia and was relatively stable at a wide range of temperatures (4-70 °C) and pH values (3.0-13.0) and exhibited good tolerance to chloroform. The genome of phage vB_SmaS_BUCT626 was a 61,662-bp linear double-stranded DNA molecule with a GC content of 56.2%, and contained 100 open-reading frames. It carried no antibiotic resistance, toxin, virulence-related genes, or lysogen-formation gene clusters. Together, these characteristics make phage vB_SmaS_BUCT626, a viable candidate as a biocontrol agent against S. maltophilia infection.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Chloroform; Genome, Viral; Siphoviridae; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
PubMed: 35633495
DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01917-5