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Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Aug 2018Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii strains C34, C38, C58 and C79 were isolated from a soil sample collected from the Chaxa Lagoon, located in the Salar de Atacama in northern... (Review)
Review
Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii strains C34, C38, C58 and C79 were isolated from a soil sample collected from the Chaxa Lagoon, located in the Salar de Atacama in northern Chile. These streptomycetes produce a variety of new specialised metabolites with antibiotic, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, genome mining performed on two of these strains has revealed the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters with the potential to produce new specialised metabolites. This review focusses on this new clade of Streptomyces strains, summarises the literature and presents new information on strain C34.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chile; Genome, Bacterial; Molecular Structure; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Soil Microbiology; Streptomyces
PubMed: 29397490
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1034-8 -
International Journal of Medical... Jul 2019Time-lapse imaging of conjugative plasmid transfer in Streptomyces revealed intriguing insights into the unique two-step conjugation process of this Gram mycelial soil... (Review)
Review
Time-lapse imaging of conjugative plasmid transfer in Streptomyces revealed intriguing insights into the unique two-step conjugation process of this Gram mycelial soil bacterium. Differentially labelling of donor and recipient strains with distinct fluorescent proteins allowed the visualization of plasmid transfer in living mycelium. In nearly all observed matings, plasmid transfer occurred when donor and recipient hyphae made intimate contact at the lateral walls. Plasmid transfer does not involve a complete fusion of donor and recipient hyphae, but depends on a pore formed by the FtsK-like DNA translocase TraB. Following the initial transfer at the contact site of donor and recipient, the plasmids spread within the recipient mycelium by invading neighboring compartments, separated by cross walls. Intra-mycelial plasmid spreading depends on a septal cross wall localized multi-protein DNA translocation apparatus consisting of TraB and several Spd proteins and is abolished in a spd mutant. The ability to spread within the recipient mycelium is a crucial adaptation to the mycelial life style of Streptomyces, potentiating the efficiency of plasmid transfer.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Biological Transport; Conjugation, Genetic; Fluorescence; Microscopy; Plasmids; Streptomyces; Time-Lapse Imaging
PubMed: 31175019
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.05.006 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Feb 2019With the impending increase of the world population by 2050, more activities have been directed toward the improvement of crop yield and a safe environment. The need for... (Review)
Review
With the impending increase of the world population by 2050, more activities have been directed toward the improvement of crop yield and a safe environment. The need for chemical-free agricultural practices is becoming eminent due to the effects of these chemicals on the environment and human health. Actinomycetes constitute a significant percentage of the soil microbial community. The Streptomyces genus, which is the most abundant and arguably the most important actinomycetes, is a good source of bioactive compounds, antibiotics, and extracellular enzymes. These genera have shown over time great potential in improving the future of agriculture. This review highlights and buttresses the agricultural importance of Streptomyces through its biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activities. These activities are highlighted and discussed in this review. Some biocontrol products from this genus are already being marketed while work is still ongoing on this productive genus. Compared to more focus on its biocontrol ability, less work has been done on it as a biofertilizer until recently. This genus is as efficient as a biofertilizer as it is as a biocontrol.
Topics: Biological Control Agents; Crop Production; Fertilizers; Plant Development; Plants; Streptomyces
PubMed: 30594952
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-09577-y -
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry Aug 2023Actinomycetes are a distinct group of filamentous bacteria. The Streptomyces genus within this group has been extensively studied over the years, with substantial... (Review)
Review
Actinomycetes are a distinct group of filamentous bacteria. The Streptomyces genus within this group has been extensively studied over the years, with substantial contributions to society and science. This genus is known for its antimicrobial production, as well as antitumor, biopesticide, and immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, the extraordinary plasticity of the Streptomyces genus has inspired new research techniques. The newest way of exploring Streptomyces has comprised the discovery of new natural metabolites and the application of emerging tools such as CRISPR technology in drug discovery. In this narrative review, we explore relevant published literature concerning the ongoing novelties of the Streptomyces genus.
Topics: Streptomyces; Biotechnology; Anti-Infective Agents; Actinobacteria
PubMed: 36924211
DOI: 10.1002/bab.2455 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Apr 2018The Streptomyces life cycle encompasses three well-established developmental stages: vegetative hyphae, aerial hyphae and spores. Many regulators governing the... (Review)
Review
The Streptomyces life cycle encompasses three well-established developmental stages: vegetative hyphae, aerial hyphae and spores. Many regulators governing the transitions between these life cycle stages have been identified, and recent work is shedding light on their specific functions. A new discovery has shown Streptomyces can deviate from this classic life cycle through a process termed 'exploration', where cells rapidly traverse solid surfaces. Exploration does not require any of the traditional developmental regulators, and therefore provides an exciting new context in which to uncover novel developmental pathways. Here, we summarize our understanding of how Streptomyces exploration is controlled, and we speculate on how insight into classical regulation and stress response systems can inform future research into the regulation of exploratory growth.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Hyphae; Spores, Bacterial; Streptomyces; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 29024914
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.09.009 -
Canadian Journal of Microbiology Jun 2024have a uniquely complex developmental life cycle that involves the coordination of morphological differentiation with the production of numerous bioactive specialized... (Review)
Review
have a uniquely complex developmental life cycle that involves the coordination of morphological differentiation with the production of numerous bioactive specialized metabolites. The majority of spp. are soil-dwelling saprophytes, while plant pathogenicity is a rare attribute among members of this genus Phytopathogenic are responsible for economically important diseases such as common scab, which affects potato and other root crops. Following the acquisition of genes encoding virulence factors, pathogens are expected to have specifically adapted their regulatory pathways to enable transition from a primarily saprophytic to a pathogenic lifestyle. Investigations of the regulation of pathogenesis have primarily focused on and the principal pathogenicity determinant thaxtomin A. The coordination of growth and thaxtomin A production in this species is controlled in a hierarchical manner by cluster-situated regulators, pleiotropic regulators, signalling and plant-derived molecules, and nutrients. Although the majority of phytopathogenic produce thaxtomins, many also produce additional virulence factors, and there are scab-causing pathogens that do not produce thaxtomins. The development of effective control strategies for common scab and other plant diseases requires a more in-depth understanding of the genetic and environmental factors that modulate the plant pathogenic lifestyle of these organisms.
Topics: Streptomyces; Plant Diseases; Virulence; Virulence Factors; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Plants; Solanum tuberosum; Indoles; Piperazines
PubMed: 38190652
DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2023-0171 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Feb 2019This mini-review is centered on genetic aspects of biosynthesis of landomycins (La), a family of angucycline polyketides. From the very discovery in the 1990s, La were... (Review)
Review
This mini-review is centered on genetic aspects of biosynthesis of landomycins (La), a family of angucycline polyketides. From the very discovery in the 1990s, La were noted for unusual structure and potent anticancer properties. La are produced by a few actinobacteria that belong to genus Streptomyces. Biochemical logic behind the production of La aglycon and glycoside halves and effects of La on mammalian cells have been thoroughly reviewed in 2009-2012. Yet, the genetic diversity of La biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and regulation of their production were not properly reviewed since discovery of La. Here, we aim to fill this gap by focusing on three interrelated topics. First, organization of known La BGCs is compared. Second, up-to-date scheme of biosynthetic pathway to landomycin A (LaA), the biggest (by molar weight) member of La family, is succinctly outlined. Third, we describe genetic and nutritional factors that influence La production and export. A summary of the practical utility of the gained knowledge and future directions to study La biosynthesis conclude this mini-review.
Topics: Aminoglycosides; Biosynthetic Pathways; Culture Media; Fermentation; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Multigene Family; Streptomyces
PubMed: 30635689
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-09601-1 -
Natural Product Reports Feb 2019A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as... (Review)
Review
A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as vlasoulamine A from Vladimiria souliei.
Topics: Biological Products; Lactones; Molecular Structure; Multigene Family; Sesquiterpenes; Streptomyces
PubMed: 30667456
DOI: 10.1039/c9np90001b -
Trends in Microbiology Jul 2017Streptomyces bacteria are prolific producers of specialized metabolites, and have a well studied, complex life cycle. Recent work has revealed a new type of Streptomyces... (Review)
Review
Streptomyces bacteria are prolific producers of specialized metabolites, and have a well studied, complex life cycle. Recent work has revealed a new type of Streptomyces growth termed 'exploration' - so named for the ability of explorer cells to rapidly traverse solid surfaces. Streptomyces exploration is stimulated by fungal interactions, and is associated with the production of an alkaline volatile organic compound (VOC) capable of inducing exploration by other streptomycetes. Here, we examine Streptomyces exploration from the perspectives of interkingdom interactions, pH-induced morphological switches, and VOC-mediated communication. The phenotypic diversity that can be revealed through microbial interactions and VOC exposure is providing us with insight into novel modes of microbial development, and an opportunity to exploit VOCs to stimulate desired microbial behaviours.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Bacterial Proteins; Fungi; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Microbial Interactions; Streptomyces; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 28245952
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.02.001 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Sep 2017One of the most significant control mechanisms of the physiological processes in the genus Streptomyces is carbon catabolite repression (CCR). This mechanism controls... (Review)
Review
One of the most significant control mechanisms of the physiological processes in the genus Streptomyces is carbon catabolite repression (CCR). This mechanism controls the expression of genes involved in the uptake and utilization of alternative carbon sources in Streptomyces and is mostly independent of the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS). CCR also affects morphological differentiation and the synthesis of secondary metabolites, although not all secondary metabolite genes are equally sensitive to the control by the carbon source. Even when the outcome effect of CCR in bacteria is the same, their essential mechanisms can be rather different. Although usually, glucose elicits this phenomenon, other rapidly metabolized carbon sources can also cause CCR. Multiple efforts have been put through to the understanding of the mechanism of CCR in this genus. However, a reasonable mechanism to explain the nature of this process in Streptomyces does not yet exist. Several examples of primary and secondary metabolites subject to CCR will be examined in this review. Additionally, recent advances in the metabolites and protein factors involved in the Streptomyces CCR, as well as their mechanisms will be described and discussed in this review.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Carbon; Catabolite Repression; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glucose; Secondary Metabolism; Streptomyces
PubMed: 28770367
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2328-0