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Chemico-biological Interactions Mar 2018Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised not only by hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance but also an impaired balance between the processes of coagulation and...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised not only by hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance but also an impaired balance between the processes of coagulation and fibrinolysis. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of metformin, a widely-used oral anti-diabetic drug, phenformin and eight sulfenamide and sulfonamide derivatives of metformin on several haemostasis parameters. Thrombin Time (TT) tests were performed according to the available commercial method. The activity of factor X was conducted based on deficient plasma factor X. The activity of two main enzymes involved in haemostasis, thrombin and plasmin, was measured spectrophotometrically with chromogenic substrates. Protein C and antithrombin III (AT) activity assays using chromogenic substrates were conducted to determine the effect of the derivatives of metformin on these both naturally occurring anticoagulants. Two of the compounds, sulfenamide with hexyl tail and para-nitro-benzenesulfonamide significantly shortened TT. ortho-nitro sulfonamide at a concentration of 0.3-1.5 μmol/mL contributed to a significant decrease in the activity of factor X. However, sulfenamides with cyclohexyl, butyl and branched ethyl-hexyl tails at 1.5 of μmol/mL increased its activity, and simultaneously shortened PT. Additionally, ortho-nitro-benzenesulfonamide at concentrations of 1.5 μmol/mL was found to significantly decrease reaction velocity (↓ dA/dt) in the thrombin activity assay. On contrary, it was noticed that branched sulfenamide at the concentration of 1.5 μmol/mL significantly increased the enzymatic activity of plasmin. Metformin, phenformin and octyl and butyl sulfenamides were associated with a significant increase in the activity of AT. Hexyl sulfenamide and para-nitro- as well as para-trifluoro-ortho-nitro-benzenesulfonamide contributed to the decrease in the activity of protein C, while the other tested compounds did not affect its activity. In conclusion, 2-nitro-benzenesulfonamide derivative of metformin presents highly beneficial anticoagulant properties. This compound is therefore promising candidate for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
Topics: Anticoagulants; Antithrombin III; Blood Coagulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Factor X; Fibrinolysis; Humans; Metformin; Protein C; Sulfamerazine; Sulfonamides; Thrombin Time
PubMed: 29458015
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.012 -
Environmental Research Mar 2022A heterogeneous electro-Fenton (hetero-EF) system can effectively broaden the applicable pH range, although the decreased electrogeneration efficiency of HO at elevated...
A heterogeneous electro-Fenton (hetero-EF) system can effectively broaden the applicable pH range, although the decreased electrogeneration efficiency of HO at elevated pH (especially neutral conditions) is unfavorable for the efficient removal of organic pollutants. Herein, a tannic acid-Fe complex derivative-modified carbon felt (TFD@CF) cathode was prepared for hetero-EF treatment of organic pollutants over a wide pH range. Interestingly, the as-prepared hetero-EF cathode could act as a pH regulator that acidified the solution over a wide pH range. As expected, the TFD@CF cathode exhibited excellent hetero-EF activity for the removal of diverse organic pollutants (such as methyl orange, methylene blue, sulfamerazine, bisphenol A and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) at neutral and even alkaline pH (removal efficiency >90 %). A total of 2.98 kWh kg COD with 83.2 % COD removal could be achieved by the TFD@CF cathode for the treatment of actual textile dyeing secondary wastewater. Electrochemical characterizations proved that the TFD@CF cathode had excellent electrochemical properties with improved electron transfer ability and a well-pronounced Fe(III) electroreductive response. Meanwhile, more acidic groups were newly generated during the electrochemical reaction (an increase of 30.1 %), thus dissociating more H into solution. The identification of reactive oxygen species suggested that OH and O could be responsible for the removal of organic pollutants in the TFD@CF EF system. These interesting findings may provide new insights into the design of multifunctional hetero-EF cathodes for the removal of refractory organic pollutants.
Topics: Electrodes; Environmental Restoration and Remediation; Ferric Compounds; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxidation-Reduction; Tannins; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34487696
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111994 -
Se Pu = Chinese Journal of... Jul 2018Using magnetic silica (FeO@SiO) as the matrix material, a magnetic reversed-phase restricted access material was prepared via surface-initiation atom transfer radical...
Using magnetic silica (FeO@SiO) as the matrix material, a magnetic reversed-phase restricted access material was prepared via surface-initiation atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) on the surface of modified FeO@SiO. Stearyl methacrylate (SMA) was grafted on the inner surface of the modified FeO@SiO, and glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) was grafted on the outer surface of the modified FeO@SiO. The magnetic reversed-phase restricted access material was prepared via acid hydrolysis. This material was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and elemental analysis. The exclusion ability of the opened magnetic reversed-phase restricted access material to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was 90.4%. The maximum adsorbed amounts of sulfisoxazole (SIZ), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamerazine (SMR) were 2.76, 2.24, 1.51 and 1.34 mg/g, respectively. This material was applied to extract and enrich SIZ, SMR and SDM in milk and bovine serum samples. The spiked recoveries of SIZ, SMR and SDM were 88.7%-90.8%, and the relative standard deviations were 3.3%-5.3%. Thus, the magnetic phase restricted access material can simplify the pretreatment of biological matrix samples, and can be applied to the analysis and detection of blood samples or food samples.
Topics: Adsorption; Animals; Cattle; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Ferric Compounds; Methacrylates; Milk; Polymerization; Serum; Silicon Dioxide; Solid Phase Extraction
PubMed: 30136531
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2018.01040 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Jul 2022Sulfonamides (SAs) were widespread in animal-derived food at trace level, which could trigger hazards to human health. Herein, electric field enhanced thin-film...
Sulfonamides (SAs) were widespread in animal-derived food at trace level, which could trigger hazards to human health. Herein, electric field enhanced thin-film microextraction (EE-TFME) was developed based on carbon cloth (CC) modified with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for extraction of SAs (sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfamerazine, sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfisoxazole), which were a series of polar analytes. MIL-101(Cr) was in situ synthesized on CC via hydrothermal reaction and then was used as positive electrode in EE-TFME for adsorption of SAs. Compared with traditional TFME, EE-TFME shortened extraction equilibrium time from 30 min to 15 min. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the limits of detection (LODs) were 2.5-4.5 µg/L, while the repeatability and intermediate precision was lower than 9.1%. Quantitative determination of SAs in extracts of animal-derived samples, such as honey, pork, chicken and milk, was achieved with recoveries from 81.7% to 114.2%. The developed MOF/CC-based EE-TFME has a great potential in rapid extraction of similar polar or ionic analytes from complex food matrices.
Topics: Adsorption; Animals; Carbon; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Limit of Detection; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 35598537
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463120 -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2018Understanding antibiotic adsorption in livestock manures is crucial to assess the fate and risk of antibiotics in the environment. In this study, three quantitative...
Understanding antibiotic adsorption in livestock manures is crucial to assess the fate and risk of antibiotics in the environment. In this study, three quantitative models developed with swine manure-water distribution coefficients (LgK) for oxytetracycline (OTC), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and sulfamerazine (SM1) in swine manures. Physicochemical parameters (n=12) of the swine manure were used as independent variables using partial least-squares (PLSs) analysis. The cumulative cross-validated regression coefficients (Q) values, standard deviations (SDs) and external validation coefficient (Q) ranged from 0.761 to 0.868, 0.027 to 0.064, and 0.743 to 0.827 for the three models; as such, internal and external predictability of the models were strong. The pH, soluble organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON), and Ca were important explanatory variables for the OTC-Model, pH, SOC, and SON for the CIP-model, and pH, total organic nitrogen (TON), and SOC for the SM1-model. The high VIPs (variable importance in the projections) of pH (1.178-1.396), SOC (0.968-1.034), and SON (0.822 and 0.865) established these physicochemical parameters as likely being dominant (associatively) in affecting transport of antibiotics in swine manures.
Topics: Adsorption; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Manure; Models, Chemical; Oxytetracycline; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Sulfamerazine; Swine
PubMed: 29660871
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.114 -
Chemico-biological Interactions Jan 2018As the pharmacokinetic properties of metformin are unfavourable, several analogues and prodrugs have been synthesised to improve its bioavailability. The aim of this...
As the pharmacokinetic properties of metformin are unfavourable, several analogues and prodrugs have been synthesised to improve its bioavailability. The aim of this study was to assess the plasma stability of sulfenamide and sulfonamide derivatives of metformin and establish their effects on plasma haemostasis and integrity of red blood cells (RBCs). The overall haemostasis potential was evaluated spectrophotometrically by clot formation and lysis test (CL-test). PT (Prothrombin Time) and APTT (Activated Partial Tromboplastin Time) were used to evaluate the effects if the compounds on the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathway. Haemolysis assay, microscopy and flow cytometry studies were conducted to determine the effect of the compounds on RBCs. Two sulfonamide and one sulfenamide derivatives of metformin were associated with a statistically significant decrease in the overall potential of clot formation and fibrinolysis (↓ CL), suggesting that these compounds may exert beneficial effects regarding plasma haemostasis, which is frequently impaired in diabetic patients. p- and o-Nitrobenzene sulfonamides contributed to the beneficial change in kinetic parameters of clot formation and fibrinolysis. o-Nitrobenzene sulfonamide significantly increased thrombin generation time (↑ TGt) and was also found to prolong both APTT and PT. All compounds did not exert any effects on the integrity of RBCs over the concentration range 0.006-0.6 μmol/mL which constitutes the expected therapeutic concentration. In conclusion, sulfonamide derivatives of metformin present potentially beneficial properties in terms of plasma haemostasis which is frequently impaired in T2DM patients. Therefore, metformin sulfonamides may become a prototype for further design and synthesis of novel metformin analogues and prodrugs with improved pharmacokinetic properties.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Drug Stability; Erythrocytes; Fibrinolysis; Hemolysis; Metformin; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Prothrombin Time; Sulfamerazine; Sulfanilamide; Sulfanilamides
PubMed: 29217384
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.005 -
Journal of Separation Science May 2022A magnetic solid phase extraction method based on magnetic covalent organic frameworks (TpBD@Fe O ; 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and benzidine (BD)) combined with...
A magnetic solid phase extraction method based on magnetic covalent organic frameworks (TpBD@Fe O ; 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and benzidine (BD)) combined with high performance liquid chromatography has been developed to detect the sulfonamides including sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, and sulfamethoxazole in milk and meat. TpBD@Fe O were synthesized at room temperature under mild reaction conditions with a simple and rapid operation. The TpBD@Fe O exhibited higher extraction efficiency because of the π-π and electrostatic interactions between the benzene ring structure of the TpBD and the sulfonamide molecules. The extraction conditions including the dosage of adsorbents, the type and dosage of eluent, the elution time, and the pH of the sample solution were fully optimized. The detection results showed good linearity over a wide range (50-5 × 10 ng/mL) and low detection limits (3.39-5.77 ng/mL) for the sulfonamide targets. The practicability of this magnetic solidphase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography method was further evaluated by analyzing milk and meat samples, with recoveries of the targets of 71.6-110.8% in milk and 71.9-109.7% in pork. The successful detection of sulfonamides residues has demonstrated the TpBD@Fe O excellent practical potential for analyzing pharmaceutical residues in animal-derived foods.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Food Contamination; Limit of Detection; Magnetic Phenomena; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Solid Phase Extraction; Sulfonamides; Temperature
PubMed: 35178864
DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100978 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences May 2021Symbiotic bacteria play vital roles in the survival and health of marine sponges. Sponges harbor rich, diverse and species-specific microbial communities. Symbiotic...
Symbiotic bacteria play vital roles in the survival and health of marine sponges. Sponges harbor rich, diverse and species-specific microbial communities. Symbiotic marine bacteria have increasingly been reported as promising source of bioactive compounds. A culturomics-based study was undertaken to study the diversity of bacteria from marine sponges and their antimicrobial potential. We have collected three sponge samples i.e. , (soft coral) and from north region (Obhur) of Red Sea, Jeddah Saudi Arabia. Total of 144 bacterial strains were isolated from three marine sponges using culture dependent method. Screening of isolated strains showed only 37 (26%) isolates as antagonists against oomycetes pathogens ( and ). Among 37 antagonistic bacteria, only 19 bacterial strains exhibited antibacterial activity against human pathogens (Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) ATCC 43300 ATCC 27853, ATCC 8739, ATCC 29212). Four major classes of bacteria i.e , and were recorded from three marine sponges where was dominant class. One potential bacterial strain sp. EA423 was selected for identification of bioactive metabolites using GC and LC-MS analyses. Bioactive compounds Sulfamerazine, Metronidazole-OH and Ibuprofen are detected from culture extract of strain sp. EA423. Overall, this study gives insight into composition and diversity of antagonistic bacterial community of marine sponges and coral from Red Sea and presence of active metabolites from potential strain. Our results showed that these diverse and potential bacterial communities further need to be studied to exploit their biotechnological significance.
PubMed: 34025160
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.042 -
Waste Management (New York, N.Y.) Aug 2022Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sewage sludge can cause high ecotoxicological risks in the environment and public health concerns. The aims of this...
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sewage sludge can cause high ecotoxicological risks in the environment and public health concerns. The aims of this study were to establish enzymatic integrated in-situ advanced anaerobic digestion (AAD) by adding cellulase and papain as well as the two enzymes combined with zero valent iron (ZVI) directly into the anaerobic digesters to explore the removal of antibiotics and ARGs under the mesophilic condition (35 °C). The methane production potential during in-situ AAD was effectively improved. Papain and cellulase at 30 mg/gTSS were most effective in improving antibiotic removal. The removal of sulfamerazine (SMZ) and sulfadiazine (SMR) could reach 89.10 % and 71.75 %. Combined enzymes with ZVI also enhanced the removal of all target antibiotics, especially roxithromycin (ROX), SMZ and SMR most significantly. Except for sul1, tetA and tetB, the removal of ARGs by papain reached 6.33 %-82.15 %. The addition of cellulase effectively improved tetA removal. The combination of biological enzymes further enhanced the removal of qnrS and ermX. The tetG, tetB, sul3, ermX, ermT, qnrS, and aac(6')-IB-CR by combined enzymes with ZVI could even not be detected after digestion. Addition of papain, cellulase, and ZVI caused variations in the dominant bacteria. All target antibiotics presented significant positive correlations with the genera norank_f__Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17, norank_f__norank_o__SJA-15, norank_f__norank_o__Aminicenantales. Redundancy analysis showed archaea Methanosaeta and Candidatus_ Methanoacidiosum genera greatly contributed to antibiotics removal with the combination of enzymes and ZVI. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated the removal of ARGs was mainly based on the changes of existence of host bacteria.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cellulases; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Iron; Papain; Sewage
PubMed: 35926402
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.020 -
Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A,... Oct 2018An increasing concern about food safety has been observed over the years. The presence of drugs residues in food is one of the major subjects of research in food safety....
An increasing concern about food safety has been observed over the years. The presence of drugs residues in food is one of the major subjects of research in food safety. Feedingstuffs can be responsible for carryover into the food chain of residues of several drugs. This paper describes the development, validation and application of a fast and simple method for analysis of 24 antibiotic residues in feedingstuffs for cattle, pigs and poultry. Analytes include compounds from different antimicrobials classes, such as sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfachlorpyridazine, sulfadoxine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfizoxazole, sulfamerazine and sulfathiazole), fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, danofloxacin, difloxacin, sarafloxacin, flumequine, nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid), tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline) and trimethoprim. Samples were extracted with methanol:water (70:30) 0.1% formic acid, followed by clean-up steps using centrifugation, low-temperature purification (LTP) and ultracentrifugation. Instrumental analysis was performed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18 column and a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water, both with 0.1% formic acid. Validation parameters such as limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) were determined and meet the adopted criteria. LOD and LOQ were set to 30 and 75 µg kg, respectively. Inter-day precision were in the range from 4.0 to 11.1%, and linearity provides values of r above 0.95 for all analytes. The optimised method was applied to the analysis of more than 1500 real samples within the period 2012-2017. Non-compliant results were discussed and classified in terms of analytes, feed types and target species. Multivariate analysis of the data was performed using principal component analysis.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Chickens; Chromatography, Liquid; Environmental Monitoring; Fluoroquinolones; Food Contamination; Pesticide Residues; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Sulfonamides; Swine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tetracyclines; Trimethoprim
PubMed: 30141745
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1508895