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Journal of Occupational and... Nov 2017The aim of this study was to identify determinants of occupational sunburn in agricultural workers and assess their occupational and recreational sun protection habits.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to identify determinants of occupational sunburn in agricultural workers and assess their occupational and recreational sun protection habits.
METHODS
Specific surveys of agricultural workers in Switzerland and France were conducted (N = 1538). Multivariate logistic regressions identified occupational sunburn determinants. Occupational and recreational sun protection habits were estimated and correlated.
RESULTS
One-year occupational and recreational sunburn prevalences were 19.8% and 11.5%, respectively. Occupational sunburn increased with having a recent recreational sunburn, highly sensitive skin, young age, high perceived skin cancer risk, using sunscreen, and not wearing a hat. Correlation between protection habits during work and leisure was substantial (rs 0.5 to 0.7). Skin health knowledge was high and pro-tanning attitude moderate.
CONCLUSION
Potentially modifiable sunburn determinants and suboptimal recreational and occupational sun protection practices were identified in agricultural workers. Refining and tailoring sun protection messages targeting the agricultural sector are needed.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Agriculture; Female; France; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Exposure; Prevalence; Protective Clothing; Recreation; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Switzerland
PubMed: 28858909
DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001140 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Nov 2020Sun sensitivity is an inherent risk factor for skin cancer. Sun protection is important in sun-sensitive individuals to reduce sunburns for skin cancer prevention....
BACKGROUND
Sun sensitivity is an inherent risk factor for skin cancer. Sun protection is important in sun-sensitive individuals to reduce sunburns for skin cancer prevention. However, concerns have arose regarding the possible impact of sun protection on vitamin D deficiency.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence and correlates of sun-protective behaviours (staying in the shade, using sunscreen and wearing long sleeves) with sunburn and vitamin D deficiency in sun-sensitive individuals.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study of 2390 US non-Hispanic white adults aged 20-59 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Sun sensitivity was defined as self-reported tendency to severe sunburn when exposed to the sun for half an hour after months of non-sun exposure, and single serum 25(OH)D levels less than 50 nmol/L was determined as vitamin D deficiency. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using multivariable logistic regression taking into account the complex survey design.
RESULTS
Sun-sensitive individuals had higher odds of frequently staying in the shade (aOR = 3.08; 95% CI 2.19-4.33) and using sunscreen (aOR = 1.93; 1.44-2.59) but not associated with sun exposure time (aOR = 0.91; 0.62-1.32). Yet, sun-sensitive individuals had significantly higher likelihood of sunburns (aOR = 1.93; 1.45-2.55), and no increased likelihood of vitamin D deficiency (aOR = 1.15; 0.84-1.58). Among sun-sensitive individuals, being younger, male and spending more time outdoors were associated with increased odds of sunburns and the risk of sunburn was reduced with frequently staying in the shade and engaging in multimodal sun protections.
CONCLUSION
Sun-sensitive individuals more frequently used sun protection methods yet they still were significantly more likely to experience sunburns and the risk of vitamin D deficiency was not increased. Education on proper application of sunscreen combined with other sun-protective techniques is important to reduce sunburn in sun-sensitive populations.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Prevalence; Skin Neoplasms; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Vitamin D Deficiency; Young Adult
PubMed: 32453868
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16681 -
European Journal of Dermatology : EJD Aug 2021Preventing sunburn in childhood is imperative in the light of skin cancer prevention. To provide directions for targeted interventions, a better understanding of...
Preventing sunburn in childhood is imperative in the light of skin cancer prevention. To provide directions for targeted interventions, a better understanding of children's sunburn and associated parental behaviours is necessary. To explore sun exposure and parent-for-child sun protection patterns and their relationship with sunburn experienced in children. An online survey was conducted among parents (n = 1,299) of children (4 to 12 years). Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify parental subgroups for children's sunburn, sun exposure and several sun protection behaviours (i.e. applying sunscreen, clothing, seeking shade) in two sun exposure settings (i.e. planned versus incidental). LCA results were validated by assessing predictions of class membership through several socio-demographic characteristics. Reported sunburn in the previous year was frequent (>40%). Four latent classes of sunburn-exposure-protection were identified. Overall, the majority of parents reported fair sun protection behaviours. While a low level of protection behaviour was not strongly reflected in lower sunburn rates among the classes, a high level of planned exposure (e.g. going to the beach) seemed to correspond with higher sunburn risk. Parents of younger children and those with more sensitive skin reported sun protection measures more frequently. Older children and those with more sensitive skin experienced more sunburn. This study contributes to current insight into children's sunburn, based on parent-proxy reports. Although a clear differentiation in sunburn risk was not found, several variables, relevant for future interventions, were indicated. By further understanding the complexity of children's sunburn, further research may be directed accordingly.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Surveys; Humans; Latent Class Analysis; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Parents; Protective Clothing; Risk Factors; Sociodemographic Factors; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Young Adult
PubMed: 34642140
DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2021.4100 -
Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &... Mar 2018Painful sunburns at any age are one of the main risk factors for skin cancer. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Painful sunburns at any age are one of the main risk factors for skin cancer.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence and predictors of sunburn among beachgoers.
METHODS
A cross-sectional health survey was conducted at the beach during the summer. Adults >18 years with an understanding of Spanish were interviewed using a questionnaire about behaviours, attitudes and knowledge related to sun exposure at the beach. A descriptive analysis was performed, and a log-binomial regression model was used to determine predictors of sunburn.
RESULTS
The survey was completed by 1054 beachgoers, with a mean age of 43.8 (SD: 18.7) years, 61.2% women, skin phototypes i (13.6%), ii (22.3%), iii (34.0%) and iv (30.2%). 46.9% of responders reported at least one painful sunburn during the previous summer. Age, sex, education, skin phototype, midday sun exposure, sun protection habits, attitudes towards tanning and knowledge about skin cancer were identified as independent predictors of sunburn.
CONCLUSIONS
It is necessary to develop photoprotection campaigns aimed at beachgoers, particularly in young people, men, those with skin phototypes I-III and secondary or university education. Educational strategies should be aimed at discouraging sun exposure at midday, changing attitudes towards tanning and improving knowledge about skin cancer.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Spain; Sunbathing; Sunburn
PubMed: 28976044
DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12354 -
JAMA Dermatology Mar 2022Asian American individuals are the fastest growing racial group in the US but remain underrepresented in health disparities research, including research on skin cancer...
IMPORTANCE
Asian American individuals are the fastest growing racial group in the US but remain underrepresented in health disparities research, including research on skin cancer risk factors and screening. Improved understanding of preventable skin cancer risk factors and screening may demonstrate unmet needs among Asian American individuals.
OBJECTIVE
To examine sunburns, sun-protective behaviors, indoor tanning, and total body skin examinations (TBSEs) for skin cancer screening among Asian American subgroups compared with non-Hispanic White individuals.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
The National Health Interview Survey is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey in the US that assesses health behaviors. Self-identified Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, non-Hispanic White, and other Asian respondents from survey years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 were included. Data were analyzed from July to November 2021.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Any sunburn within the last year; sun-protective behaviors included applying sunscreen, staying under shade, wearing long-sleeved shirts, wearing long clothing to the ankles, wearing hats, and wearing caps most of the time or always when out in the sun; any indoor tanning within the last year; any TBSE ever.
RESULTS
Of 84 030 participants, 5694 were Asian American (6.8%) and 78 336 (93.2%) were Non-Hispanic White; of these individuals, 1073 (weighted prevalence, 21.0%) were Asian Indian, 1165 (19.4%) Chinese, 1312 (23.5%) Filipino, and 2144 (36.1%) Other Asian. All Asian American subgroups were more likely to seek shade, wear long clothing to the ankles, and wear long-sleeved shirts but less likely to sunburn, apply sunscreen, tan indoors, and receive TBSE than Non-Hispanic White individuals. Asian Indian individuals were less likely than Chinese participants to apply sunscreen (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.55; 95% CI, 0.41-0.74) or wear a hat (aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.37-0.76) and more likely to wear long-sleeved shirts (aOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.52-2.33) or long clothing to the ankles (aOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.28-1.90).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The results of this cross-sectional study found that disaggregated comparisons among Asian American individuals demonstrated differences in skin cancer risk factors that may be used to identify high-risk subgroups and inform culturally aware counseling when indicated. Future studies should further sample Asian American individuals to evaluate for potential masked health disparities through disaggregated analysis.
Topics: Asian; Cross-Sectional Studies; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents
PubMed: 35080583
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.5657 -
Environmental Toxicology and... May 2022Burn injuries are underappreciated injuries associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dramatic clinical effects... (Review)
Review
Burn injuries are underappreciated injuries associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dramatic clinical effects in humans and is a significant public health concern. Although the mechanisms underlying UVB exposure are not fully understood, many studies have made substantial progress in the pathophysiology of sunburn in terms of its molecular aspects in the last few years. It is well established that the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels modulate the inflammatory, oxidative, and proliferative processes underlying UVB radiation exposure. However, it is still unknown which mechanisms underlying TRPV1/A1 channel activation are elicited in sunburn induced by UVB radiation. Therefore, in this review, we give an overview of the TRPV1/A1 channel-mediated signalling cascades that may be involved in the pathophysiology of sunburn induced by UVB radiation. These data will undoubtedly help to explain the various features of sunburn and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to better treat it.
Topics: Cytoskeletal Proteins; Humans; Signal Transduction; Sunburn; TRPA1 Cation Channel; TRPV Cation Channels; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 35248760
DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103836 -
International Journal of Dermatology Sep 2019People with black skin are much less susceptible to sunburn than white-skinned individuals, yet there are scarce data on self-reported incidence of sunburn and sun...
BACKGROUND
People with black skin are much less susceptible to sunburn than white-skinned individuals, yet there are scarce data on self-reported incidence of sunburn and sun protection measures in people with deeply-pigmented skin.
METHOD
An on-line survey tool was used to collect self-assessed data about demographic variables, sunburn incidence, and use of sun protection modalities.
RESULTS
Two-thirds of respondents with black skin living in the UK claimed never to have been sunburnt; a much higher proportion than those living in South Africa and Nigeria where 34 and 46%, respectively, reported never experiencing sunburn. Similar results were seen in the reported use of sun protection measures between the countries with two-thirds of black people living in the UK claiming they never used any form of sun protection compared with about one-third of Black Africans. Black people living in the UK were more likely to use sunscreen as a form of sun protection, whereas sunscreen was the least popular modality in the two African countries with shade being the most common form of limiting sun exposure.
CONCLUSION
The findings provide some insight into the complexities of skin color perception, incidence of sunburn, and sun protection use among people with deeply-pigmented skin living in three countries with large differences in the solar UV environment.
Topics: Black People; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Nigeria; Prevalence; Self Report; Skin; South Africa; Sunburn; Sunlight; Sunscreening Agents; United Kingdom
PubMed: 30710336
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14402 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Feb 2021The incidence of skin cancer in our society is growing at an alarming rate due to overexposure to solar UV radiation in recreational and occupational settings. The aim...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The incidence of skin cancer in our society is growing at an alarming rate due to overexposure to solar UV radiation in recreational and occupational settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate sun exposure and protection attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge among mountain ultramarathon runners and to assess risk factors for sunburn in this population.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Cross-sectional survey of runners who participated in the «Gran Trail Aneto-Posets» race in Aragon, Spain. Using a validated questionnaire, we collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, running experience, sunburn in the previous summer, and sun exposure and protection behaviors. We calculated descriptive statistics and performed bivariate and multivariate analyses of associations using history of sunburn as the primary outcome. Statistical significance was set at a p level of less than 0.05.
RESULTS
We surveyed 657 runners (72.1% men) with a mean age of 39.71 years; 45.1% reported sunburn in the past year. The most common protective measures used were sunglasses (74.7%), sunscreen (sun protection factor ≥ 15) (61.9%), a hat (52.2%), and other protective clothing (7.4%). Risk factors for sunburn were younger age, low Fitzpatrick skin type (I and II), running for three or more hours a day, and staying in the shade as a protective measure. By contrast, protective factors were use of sunscreen and seeking shade rather than sun at midday (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Sunburn is common among long-distance mountain runners, despite what appears to be adequate sun protection knowledge and behaviors. Targeted strategies are needed to improve sun protection behaviors among mountain runners.
Topics: Adult; Altitude; Attitude to Health; Avoidance Learning; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Incidence; Male; Marathon Running; Prospective Studies; Protective Clothing; Risk Factors; Skin Pigmentation; Socioeconomic Factors; Spain; Sunbathing; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents
PubMed: 33197435
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.11.003 -
BMC Plant Biology Apr 2022Sunburn is common in pomegranate, and sunburned fruits have poor appearance and low marketability. However, the physiological and metabolic responses to sunburn and...
BACKGROUND
Sunburn is common in pomegranate, and sunburned fruits have poor appearance and low marketability. However, the physiological and metabolic responses to sunburn and their underlying molecular mechanisms in pomegranate fruit are little understood. Fruit of sunburn-sensitive cultivar 'Hongyushizi' was used to carry out physiological parameter detection and widely-targeted metabolomics and transcriptome study.
RESULTS
Malondialdehyde and relative conductivity increased with the severity of sunburn, which indicated increased membrane injury. Meanwhile, the content of antioxidants (total phenols and flavonoids), which reduce and repair membrane damage, increased and were accompanied by increases in total antioxidant capacity. In sunburned fruits compared with controls, 129 metabolites changed (including naringenin, pelargonidin and kaempferol) and 447 differentially expressed genes including CHI (Pgr25966.1), F3'5'H (Pgr26644.1), and CHS (Pgr005566.1) may have contributed to these changes. Transcription factors, such as NAC 5 (Pgr008725.1), MYB 93 (Pgr001791.1), and MYB 111 (Pgr027973.1) may be involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis by regulating the CHI, F3'5'H, and CHS etc. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide insight into the sunburn mechanisms of pomegranate, and also into the genetic improvement of fruit sunburn.
Topics: Flavonoids; Fruit; Pomegranate; Sunburn; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35369864
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03534-8 -
Swiss Medical Weekly 2016Although solar overexposure during childhood and adolescence increases the risk of melanoma, determinants of sunburn and sun protective behaviours of Swiss children have...
AIMS OF THE STUDY
Although solar overexposure during childhood and adolescence increases the risk of melanoma, determinants of sunburn and sun protective behaviours of Swiss children have scarcely been explored. We investigated sunburn occurrence and sun protective behaviours of schoolchildren in western Switzerland, the region with the highest incidence of melanoma in Europe.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Self-reported questionnaires were administered during regular classes to pupils in 5th (primary school, n = 431), 8th and 11th grades (secondary school, n = 837) in the 18 public schools of La Chaux-de-Fonds. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess predictors of sunburns and of three sun protective behaviours (sunscreen, shade, wear of covering clothes).
RESULTS
Response rate was 91%. Sunburn prevalence over the preceding year was high (60% at least one sunburn, 30% at least two, 43% at least one severe sunburn). Younger age, fair skin, regular sunscreen use, higher sun-related knowledge and preference for a tanned skin were predictors of sunburn. Sunscreen was the most used protective measure (69%), followed by seeking shade (33%) and wearing long-sleeved shirts (32%). Decline in all protective measures was observed in older pupils and those with pro-tan attitudes. The wear of covering clothes was significantly associated with sunscreen use and seeking shade. Parental encouragement favoured sunscreen use and wearing of protective clothes.
CONCLUSIONS
Sunscreen use as a last protective barrier against ultraviolet radiation should be better emphasised in prevention campaigns targeting children and adolescents. Multi-faceted interventions, including role models, parents and peers should help to improve children's sun protective behaviours.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Parents; Prevalence; Protective Clothing; Schools; Skin Neoplasms; Students; Sunburn; Sunlight; Sunscreening Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Switzerland; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 27878788
DOI: 10.4414/smw.2016.14370