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The British Journal of Dermatology Feb 2018
Topics: Environmental Exposure; Humans; Rome; Seasons; Sunburn; Sunlight; Temperature; Ultraviolet Rays; Weather
PubMed: 28865077
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15926 -
Psychology & Health Jun 2023Sun protection behavior can reduce skin cancer risk. This paper provides an overview of skin cancer risk and the complex behavioral options for sun protection, along... (Review)
Review
Sun protection behavior can reduce skin cancer risk. This paper provides an overview of skin cancer risk and the complex behavioral options for sun protection, along with a narrative review of research on determinants of, and interventions to promote, sun protection. Gaps and opportunities for future research are also outlined. Evidence supports the effectiveness of sunscreen use, ultraviolet (UV) protection clothing, and shade seeking. However, these behaviors are complex and are often performed in ways that are inadequate for sun protection. Most research examining and targeting determinants of sun protection behavior has focused on sunscreen use, to the exclusion of other strategies, and has largely ignored the complexity of even sunscreen use. Most research and interventions are theory- driven, drawing on social cognitive constructs, but also considering self and social identity and emotion. Multilevel perspectives considering context, environment, policies, and other structural contexts have also been applied to sun protection behavior, but there is a need to combine psychological constructs with factors at other levels to optimize predictive models and intervention effectiveness. Effective sun protection effectively involves complex behaviors and perceived and actual tradeoffs that should be considered, in combination with multilevel determinants, in research predicting and promoting sun safety.
Topics: Humans; Sunscreening Agents; Sunburn; Health Behavior; Prevalence; Skin Neoplasms; Protective Clothing
PubMed: 36622262
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2146112 -
Pediatric Annals Jun 2019Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, and risk for melanoma is greatly increased with a serious sunburn in childhood or adolescence. Skin cancer...
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, and risk for melanoma is greatly increased with a serious sunburn in childhood or adolescence. Skin cancer also is one of the most preventable cancers, as sun exposure is an almost entirely modifiable risk factor. Proper skin protection should start early in life when infants begin to be exposed to the outdoors. [Pediatr Ann. 2019;48(6):e213-e214.].
Topics: Child; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Infant; Melanoma; Protective Clothing; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Sunburn; Sunlight; Sunscreening Agents
PubMed: 31185109
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20190520-02 -
Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &... Jul 2023Overexposure to sunlight is the main cause of skin cancer. Photoprotection practices and sunburn play a crucial role in skin cancer prevention.
BACKGROUND
Overexposure to sunlight is the main cause of skin cancer. Photoprotection practices and sunburn play a crucial role in skin cancer prevention.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to quantify the risk of sun exposure and to evaluate photoprotection practices in Spanish sailors during Olympic competitions.
METHODS
Solar daily ultraviolet (UV) radiation cycle, personal UV dosimetry, photoprotection practices and sunburn checking were followed during three consecutive days of competition among sailors from the Spanish Olympic Sailing Team during a Tokyo Olympic Regatta Test Event.
RESULTS
A total of 13 sailors (7 women), with mean age of 27.6 ± 4.7 years and sports experience of 17.7 ± 5.4 years, were studied. The most common phototypes were type III (53.8%) and type II (38.5%). The rate of sunburn checked was high (46.2%). The mean daily personal UV exposure received was 761.0 ± 263.6 J/m , 3.0 ± 1.1 minimal erythemal dose and 7.6 ± 2.6 standard erythemal dose, seven times greater than the maximum permissible UV light exposure values for an 8 h working day. The use of a T-shirt was the most common practice (94.2%), followed by the use of shade (50.2%), hat/cap (44.0%), sunglasses (26.1%) and sunscreen (11.8%).
CONCLUSIONS
Olympic sailor's studies presented high levels of UV radiation received, high rate of sunburn and insufficient adherence to sun-protective behaviours (especially, to use of sunscreen) to prevent sunburn, the main cause of skin cancer. Sport Federations should develop educational campaigns addressing sun-related exposure habits and photoprotection behaviours to reduce the risk of skin cancer among these athletes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Tokyo; Sunlight; Ultraviolet Rays; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 36208003
DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12839 -
The Gerontologist May 2019Skin cancer incidence rates are highest among U.S. older adults. However, little is known about sun protection behaviors and sunburn among adults aged 65 years and older.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Skin cancer incidence rates are highest among U.S. older adults. However, little is known about sun protection behaviors and sunburn among adults aged 65 years and older.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey to examine the association between sun protection behaviors (sun avoidance, wearing protective clothing, and sunscreen use) and likelihood of having experienced sunburn in the past year.
RESULTS
Just over one in ten older adults (13.2%) had experienced sunburn in the past year; sunburn prevalence was nearly twice as high (20.4%) among sun-sensitive older adults. Men, ages 65-69 years, non-Hispanic whites, and those with skin that burns or freckles after repeated sun exposure were more likely to have been sunburned in the past year compared with the respective comparison groups. The only sun protection behavior significantly associated with sunburn was sunscreen use. None of the sun protection behaviors were significantly associated with a decreased risk of sunburn.
DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS
The prevalence of sunburn among older adults suggests opportunities to reduce skin cancer risk within this demographic group by preventing overexposure to the sun. The lack of reduced sunburn risk among those who regularly used sun protection may be related to inadequate or inconsistent use of sun protection or the way the sun protection behaviors were measured. Multi-sector approaches to facilitate sun-safety among older adults are warranted and could include targeted efforts focused on those most likely to get sunburned, including men and those with sun-sensitive skin.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Behavior; Health Promotion; Humans; Likelihood Functions; Male; Protective Clothing; Skin Neoplasms; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents
PubMed: 31100136
DOI: 10.1093/geront/gny173 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Dec 2019The use of sunscreen products has grown considerably in the last few decades because sunscreen products considered as one of the most important ways of skin protection... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
BACKGROUND
The use of sunscreen products has grown considerably in the last few decades because sunscreen products considered as one of the most important ways of skin protection against UV rays by different mechanisms such as reflecting, absorbing, or scattering. Excess expose to UV causes sunburn, early skin aging, and skin cancers.
OBJECTIVE
This review aimed to review and compare prominent in vivo sun protection factor (SPF) determination protocols and investigate their approach in test criteria. Finally, this can help skin care specialists to choose the comprehensive SPF determination protocol.
METHODS
Four current SPF determination protocols including ISO 24444, AS/NZS 2604:2012, CEN 2006, and FDA 2011 were selected and compared to each other.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Despite the similarity of the test method among these protocols, there are some obvious differences in test criteria which results in a better performance in the individual steps of the test process for each of these methods.
Topics: Humans; Research Design; Skin; Skin Aging; Skin Neoplasms; Sun Protection Factor; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 30969008
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12941 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Feb 2015Sunscreen is recommended to prevent sunburn and skin cancer.
BACKGROUND
Sunscreen is recommended to prevent sunburn and skin cancer.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate sunscreen use in relation to demographic and phenotypic characteristics among women in Norway, as well as solar UV exposure, sunburn experience in different decades of life, and temporal trends in sunscreen use.
METHODS
We used data from the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, a large population-based prospective cohort study. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate the association between sunscreen use and personal characteristics. Results are presented as prevalence ratios (PRs) and 99% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
The study sample consisted of 148,869 women, with a mean age, when answering the questionnaire, of 53 years (range 41-75). Sixty-five per cent of the women used sunscreen during the Easter holiday, 73% in northern latitudes and 87% in bathing vacations in southern latitudes. Sunscreen with sun protection factor (SPF) ≥ 15 was used by 25,156 (18%) at Easter, 18,118 (13%) in northern latitudes and 22,678 (30%) in southern latitudes. The prevalence of sunscreen use increased from 1997 to 2007, and this increase was associated with age. In 1997, 39% of women reported at least one sunburn per year in the recent decade, compared with 46% in 2007 (Ptrend = 0·001). Women who experienced at least four sunburns per year during adolescence reported more sunscreen use in adulthood (PREaster 1·54, 99% CI 1·30-1·83; PRnorthern latitudes 1·49, 99% CI 1·20-1·84; PRsouthern latitudes 1·37, 99% CI 1·14-1·65).
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of sunscreen use increased from 1997 to 2007. However, this increase has not been accompanied by a decrease in sunburn. Moreover, use of sunscreen with the recommended SPF was not common among Norwegian women.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Educational Status; Female; Holidays; Humans; Middle Aged; Nevus; Norway; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Residence Characteristics; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Pigmentation; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents
PubMed: 25279754
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13434 -
The Journal of Primary Prevention Oct 2021Understanding the behaviors that lead to sunburn is an important objective toward developing intervention strategies to reduce risk for skin cancers. Our cross-sectional...
Understanding the behaviors that lead to sunburn is an important objective toward developing intervention strategies to reduce risk for skin cancers. Our cross-sectional study surveyed 400 college students aged 18 and older at a public state university in the northeastern US in 2018 to assess tanning behaviors, outdoor activities, sun protection, and sunburn over the past year. Sunburn was exceedingly common; over half reported one or more sunburns in the past 12 months. Outdoor intentional and unintentional tanning were also common. Male sex, White race, sun sensitive skin type, and outdoor intentional and unintentional tanning were independently associated with increased odds of sunburn. Water and non-water sports, sunbathing, and vacations were also associated with sunburn. These results indicate that tanning and outdoor activities such as sports are important behaviors on which to focus for sunburn prevention among college students. Understanding the behaviors that are associated with sunburn provides useful opportunities to prevent skin cancer among young people.
Topics: Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Students; Sunbathing; Sunburn; Sunlight; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 34155576
DOI: 10.1007/s10935-021-00638-z -
Experimental Dermatology Feb 2019Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can chemically alter biological molecules and is one of the major environmental health risks with potential to damage... (Review)
Review
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can chemically alter biological molecules and is one of the major environmental health risks with potential to damage the structure and function of the skin. Numerous dietary supplements are known to optimize the skin's defenses against radiation exposure. Several studies in which the beneficial roles of functional food components, that can protect against UV-induced skin damage, have been demonstrated. Supplemental dietary sphingomyelin maintains covalently bound ω-hydroxy ceramides to avert skin barrier defects after UVB irradiation. The oral administration of collagen hydrolysates has been shown to limit decreases in skin elasticity via increases in the dermal hyaluronic acid content. Milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria has been shown to augment DNA repair mechanisms and improve skin immunity in the aftermath of UVB damage. Furthermore, long-term ingestion of fermented milk containing lactic acid bacteria, collagen hydrolysates and sphingomyelin increases the minimal erythema dose (MED) in human subjects with moderate sunburn or redness and tanned skin after exposure to UV solar radiation. Thus, products containing these functional food components are one means by which the adverse effects of UV radiation on the skin can be mitigated.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Animals; Collagen; DNA Repair; Dietary Supplements; Female; Fermented Foods; Functional Food; Humans; Japan; Lactobacillales; Middle Aged; Milk; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Skin; Sphingomyelins; Sunburn; Sunlight; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 30698876
DOI: 10.1111/exd.13825 -
Sun exposure behaviours as a compromise to paradoxical injunctions: Insight from a worldwide survey.Journal of the European Academy of... Dec 2023Behavioural interventions can improve attitudes towards sun protection but the impact remains inconsistent worldwide.
BACKGROUND
Behavioural interventions can improve attitudes towards sun protection but the impact remains inconsistent worldwide.
OBJECTIVE
To assess awareness of and attitudes towards the multiple facets of sun exposure and suggest ways to improve prevention from overexposure to the sun in all geographical zones and multiple skin types.
METHODS
Online survey was conducted from 28 September to 18 October 2021. Study population was selected from the Ipsos online Panel (3,540,000 panellists), aged ≥18 years, from 17 countries around the five continents. Demographics, sun-exposure habits and practices, understanding of risks and information on phototypes were documented and analysed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
Eighty-eight per cent of participants knew that sunlight can cause skin health problems (90% phototypes I-II, 82% phototypes V-VI, >90% in American and European countries, 72% in Asia and 85% in Africa). Eighty-five per cent used some form of protection against sunlight, predominantly: Seeking shade (77%), avoiding the midday sun (66%), facial application of sunscreen (60%) and wearing protective clothing (44%). The perception of sunlight itself is positive ('it gives energy' for 82%; 'tanned skin looks attractive' for 72%), although less in Asian countries and among individuals with dark skin phototypes. Eighty-three per cent reported having experienced sunburn, mainly in Australia, Canada, USA, Germany, France and Russia, and among individuals with dark skin phototypes. Only 12% systematically/often used all types of protection during exposure to the sun and 23% believed it is safe to go out in the sun with no protection when their skin is already tanned. From 13% (skin phototype I) to 26% (phototype VI) reported not using any form of protection against the sun. Knowledge and habits were significantly superior among people who are accustomed to seeing a dermatologist for a complete skin exam.
CONCLUSIONS
Dermatologists could play a crucial role in relaying novel prevention messages, more finely tailored to specific risks, populations and areas of the world.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Adult; Sunlight; Skin Neoplasms; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Protective Clothing
PubMed: 37590528
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19421