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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jun 2024This article reports a case of a female patient admitted with swelling and subcutaneous mass in the right forearm, initially suspected to be multiple nerve fibroma.... (Review)
Review
This article reports a case of a female patient admitted with swelling and subcutaneous mass in the right forearm, initially suspected to be multiple nerve fibroma. However, through preoperative imaging and surgery, the final diagnosis confirmed superficial thrombophlebitis. This condition resulted in entrapment of the radial nerve branch, leading to noticeable nerve entrapment and radiating pain. The surgery involved the excision of inflammatory tissue and thrombus, ligation of the cephalic vein, and complete release of the radial nerve branch. Postoperative pathology confirmed the presence of Superficial Thrombophlebitis. Through this case, we emphasize the importance of comprehensive utilization of clinical, imaging, and surgical interventions for more accurate diagnosis and treatment. This is the first clinical report of radial nerve branch entrapment due to superficial thrombophlebitis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Thrombophlebitis; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Forearm; Radial Nerve; Radial Neuropathy; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38824539
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07545-4 -
European Journal of Vascular and... Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Thrombophlebitis; Foreign Bodies
PubMed: 36958481
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2023.03.031 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Aug 2019Mondor's disease is the eponym used to describe a self-limited phlebitis or thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins localized mainly on the thoracoabdominal area of... (Review)
Review
Mondor's disease is the eponym used to describe a self-limited phlebitis or thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins localized mainly on the thoracoabdominal area of the human body. Its clinical manifestation includes painful superficial cords causing skin retraction. This medical condition could be idiopathic, iatrogenic or a manifestation of underlying pathology such as breast cancer and seems to be more common than has been previously thought. The vast majority of the clinical studies and case reports to date focus on Mondor's disease as a disorder which is more or less directly related to a previous surgical intervention. In this case report, the author discusses the possible role of breast surgery as a predisposing factor only and the trauma on the operated breast as a trigger for onset and earlier manifestation of Mondor's disease. A special emphasis is put on the importance of trauma prevention in breast augmentation surgery, especially when maneuvers like postoperative massages are considered.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Breast; Breast Implantation; Breast Implants; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Mammaplasty; Protective Clothing; Risk Assessment; Thrombophlebitis; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Wounds, Nonpenetrating
PubMed: 30783723
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01331-7 -
West African Journal of Medicine Dec 2023Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative that possesses antihistamine, anti-dopaminergic and anticholinergic properties. It is commonly used to treat motion sickness,...
INTRODUCTION
Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative that possesses antihistamine, anti-dopaminergic and anticholinergic properties. It is commonly used to treat motion sickness, allergic conditions, nausea and vomiting, in addition to its use as a sedative. Promethazine has vesicant properties and is highly caustic to the intima of blood vessels and surrounding tissues. Intravenous administration may result in thrombophlebitis, unintentional intra-arterial administration, perivascular extravasation and tissue necrosis. To the best of our knowledge there is no previous published report of promethazine-induced thrombophlebitis from sub- Saharan Africa.
CASE REPORT
A 29-year-old Nigerian male was admitted at our hospital on account of malaria with acute gastroenteritis. Due to persistent vomiting, he was administered 25 mg of promethazine injection via a size 22G intravenous cannula which was inserted the previous day on the anteromedial aspect of his right forearm and maintained with continuous intravenous crystalloid infusion. Upon administration of promethazine, he experienced intense burning and erythema. The cannula was removed immediately, another cannula was inserted on the contralateral arm, and promethazine was replaced with ondansetron. Subsequently, he developed a tender, subcutaneous cord-like swelling extending from the middle-third of the anteromedial aspect of his right forearm, corresponding with the site of previous venous cannulation. Ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic, non-compressible basilic vein, with no flow on colour Doppler interrogation, in keeping with superficial thrombophlebitis. He was treated with a topical anti-inflammatory agent, and the pain and redness subsided after four weeks.
CONCLUSION
The preferred parenteral route of administration of promethazine is deep intramuscular injection. Recommendations to prevent promethazine-induced thrombophlebitis include: use of large and patent veins, use of lower doses, drug dilution and slow administration, use of alternative therapies, and patient education. Promethazine-induced tissue injury is under-reported in this part of the world. Creating awareness through this case report would help reduce the morbidity following promethazine administration.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Promethazine; Ondansetron; Vomiting; Nausea; Thrombophlebitis
PubMed: 38070188
DOI: No ID Found -
Breast Disease 2022Mondor disease is superficial thrombophlebitis of the thoracoabdominal wall, mid-upper arm, and penis. Although it is usually a benign disease requiring no specific... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Mondor disease is superficial thrombophlebitis of the thoracoabdominal wall, mid-upper arm, and penis. Although it is usually a benign disease requiring no specific treatment, little is known about this disease owing to its rarity.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this retrospective observational study was to investigate the epidemiology and prognosis of Mondor disease.
METHODS
We conducted a single-center observational study of patients with Mondor disease. Patients who received a diagnosis of Mondor disease between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed. The patients' medical records were manually reviewed to obtain the following variables: date of diagnosis, patient's age, sex, department of diagnosing physicians, underlying diseases, medications, surgery, and time until resolution of the lesion. We also reviewed the 1-year mortality, 1-year occurrence of malignancy, and recurrence of Mondor disease.
RESULTS
20 patients were included in the study. The age of the patients ranged from 7 to 83 years, with a median of 47.5 years. Most of the patients presented with thoracoabdominal wall lesions. The underlying conditions included skin diseases, surgical procedures, breast cancer, smoking, and collagenous diseases, although more than half of the patients did not have plausible predisposing factors. About three-quarters of the patients saw a spontaneous resolution of the lesions within 4 weeks without medical or surgical treatments.
CONCLUSIONS
Considering the good prognosis of this disease, it is essential to avoid unnecessary invasive tests or treatment once the diagnosis is confirmed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Mastitis; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Thrombophlebitis; Young Adult
PubMed: 35634842
DOI: 10.3233/BD-210056 -
Italian Journal of Dermatology and... Aug 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Thrombophlebitis; Mastitis; Foot; Lower Extremity
PubMed: 37539509
DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.23.07608-9 -
Revista Internacional de Andrologia 2022The thrombophlebitis of the superficial dorsal vein of the penis, called Mondor's penile disease (PMD), is a condition with a low incidence worldwide. In general, it is... (Review)
Review
The thrombophlebitis of the superficial dorsal vein of the penis, called Mondor's penile disease (PMD), is a condition with a low incidence worldwide. In general, it is considered a self-limited disease that usually resolves with conservative management and very rarely requires surgical intervention. We report the case of a 41-year-old patient, who presented PMD which persists after medical treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug and low molecular weight heparin. Surgery was decided and thrombectomy plus resection of the superficial penile vein was performed with satisfactory results. A review of the literature is presented, focusing on the limited available evidence of surgical management.
Topics: Adult; Female; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; Humans; Male; Mastitis; Penile Diseases; Penis; Thrombectomy; Thrombophlebitis
PubMed: 35078728
DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2020.10.014 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Jan 2020BACKGROUND Multifocal superficial thrombophlebitis is a rare clinical manifestation with wide differential diagnosis in relation to the background disease. CASE REPORT...
BACKGROUND Multifocal superficial thrombophlebitis is a rare clinical manifestation with wide differential diagnosis in relation to the background disease. CASE REPORT Here we report on 2 patients who presented with a systemic inflammatory response, multifocal thrombophlebitis, and orbital inflammation in whom a diagnosis of a defined background disease could not be established. CONCLUSIONS The clinical pattern of our 2 cases might represent a distinctive, not yet defined systemic medical condition.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Orbital Cellulitis; Thrombophlebitis; Undiagnosed Diseases
PubMed: 31932573
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.919715 -
Phlebology Sep 2022Elective eradication of superficial vein incompetence (SVI) is advocated after superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep...
Does eradication of superficial vein incompetence after superficial vein thrombosis reduce the risk of recurrence and of deep vein thrombosis? A pilot study evaluating clinical practice in Örebro county, Sweden.
BACKGROUND
Elective eradication of superficial vein incompetence (SVI) is advocated after superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and to prevent recurrent SVT. However, this practice currently lacks evidence and not all SVT patients are referred.
METHOD
Pilot study based on retrospective review of medical records for patients in Örebro county, Sweden; diagnosed with SVT during 2019. Patients in primary care without venous intervention were compared with patients from a vascular service treated with eradication for SVI, regarding prevalence of VTE and recurrent SVT during one-year follow-up.
RESULTS
Out of 236 records reviewed, 97(41%) were included, 44 in the vascular care, and 53 in primary care. Erroneous diagnosis and coding were common causes for exclusion. The groups differed in ultrasound verified SVT 25(47.2%) and 35(79.5%) ( = .001), LMWH treatment 13(24.5%) and 24(54.5%) ( = .002), and history of prior SVT 19(35.8%) and 31(70.5%) ( = .001).There was no difference in the incidence of VTE during follow-up, 1(1.9%) and 1(2.3%) ( = 1.000), or recurrent SVT, 7(13.2%) and 6(13.6%), respectively ( = .951).
CONCLUSIONS
This pilot study cannot confirm if elective eradication of SVI after SVT reduces the risk of VTE and recurrent SVT, however, the incidence of VTE was low in both groups. Limitations of the study are the small sample size and the lack of duplex ultrasound in all cases in both groups at diagnosis and at follow-up. Further prospective studies on homogenous populations are needed.
Topics: Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; Humans; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Sweden; Venous Thromboembolism; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 35802031
DOI: 10.1177/02683555221113402 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery. Venous and... Nov 2019Lower extremity venous aneurysms may lead to serious morbidity in patients, including pulmonary embolism (PE) and chronic venous insufficiency. Presently, because of the...
OBJECTIVE
Lower extremity venous aneurysms may lead to serious morbidity in patients, including pulmonary embolism (PE) and chronic venous insufficiency. Presently, because of the low incidence of these aneurysms, no consensus for their treatment exists. The purpose of this study was to review the presentation and management of lower extremity venous aneurysms at our institution.
METHODS
A retrospective review of all patients with isolated lower extremity venous aneurysms treated at a single tertiary care medical center from 2005 to 2017 was conducted.
RESULTS
Five male and six female patients with lower extremity venous aneurysms were identified, with a mean age of 50.4 years. Three patients presented with deep venous thrombosis or PE, three presented with pain, and five venous aneurysms were found incidentally. Nine of 11 patients had aneurysms involving the popliteal vein; one was in the iliac vein, and one was in the common femoral vein. Diagnosis was made by duplex ultrasound in five patients, magnetic resonance imaging in five patients, and computed tomography venography in one patient. Mean aneurysm to adjacent vein ratio was 2.62. No patients who had venous aneurysms discovered incidentally suffered thromboembolic complications. Three patients who were initially treated conservatively went on to eventual surgical intervention. Six patients underwent surgical intervention. The indication for operation was deep venous thrombosis or PE in three patients and lower extremity swelling in three patients; all were symptomatic at presentation. Three patients had simple venorrhaphy, two patients had aneurysmectomy and ligation of the vein, and one patient underwent aneurysmectomy with placement of an interposition vein graft. Mean follow-up was 26 months, with no recurrent thromboembolism. Perioperative complications included postoperative hematoma (one) and superficial thrombophlebitis (one).
CONCLUSIONS
Lower extremity venous aneurysms continue to represent a rare yet potentially morbid vascular disease. Symptomatic patients demonstrated a clear benefit from surgery vs conservative management. Larger, multicenter studies are required to properly characterize the natural history and management of this disease.
Topics: Aneurysm; Female; Humans; Lower Extremity; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Reoperation; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Surgical Procedures; Veins
PubMed: 31495768
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.06.017