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World Journal of Emergency Surgery :... 2019The esophagus traverses three body compartments (neck, thorax, and abdomen) and is surrounded at each level by vital organs. Injuries to the esophagus may be classified... (Review)
Review
The esophagus traverses three body compartments (neck, thorax, and abdomen) and is surrounded at each level by vital organs. Injuries to the esophagus may be classified as foreign body ingestion, caustic ingestion, esophageal perforation, and esophageal trauma. These lesions can be life-threatening either by digestive contamination of surrounding structures in case of esophageal wall breach or concomitant damage of surrounding organs. Early diagnosis and timely therapeutic intervention are the keys of successful management.
Topics: Caustics; Esophageal Perforation; Esophagoscopy; Esophagus; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31164915
DOI: 10.1186/s13017-019-0245-2 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Mar 2021Esophageal cancer is an uncommon malignancy that ranks sixth in terms of mortality worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant histologic subtype worldwide... (Review)
Review
Esophageal cancer is an uncommon malignancy that ranks sixth in terms of mortality worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant histologic subtype worldwide whereas adenocarcinoma represents the majority of cases in North America, Australia, and Europe. Esophageal cancer is staged using the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the International Union for Cancer Control TNM system and has separate classifications for the clinical, pathologic, and postneoadjuvant pathologic stage groups. The determination of clinical TNM is based on complementary imaging modalities, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy/endoscopic ultrasound; endoscopic ultrasound-fine-needle aspiration; computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis; and fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagus; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 33551083
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.11.008 -
Thoracic Surgery Clinics Nov 2022Complex esophageal reconstruction represents a high risk and challenging procedure. A dedicated pathway with multispecialty teams can facilitate a systematic checklist... (Review)
Review
Complex esophageal reconstruction represents a high risk and challenging procedure. A dedicated pathway with multispecialty teams can facilitate a systematic checklist approach to perioperative management and evaluation of long-term outcomes. Refinements in the operative technique for supercharged pedicled jejunum (SPJ) for long segment interposition in esophageal reconstruction are reviewed in this article. Medical and surgical complications among this complex niche group of patients are significant and require care in specialist centers with a focused team. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in long-segment SPJ interposition are recognized to provide additional monitoring of surgical outcomes and may help guide interventions for subsequent symptom control.
Topics: Humans; Anastomosis, Surgical; Esophagus; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Jejunum
PubMed: 36266038
DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2022.07.007 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Mar 2021The epidemiology and clinical management of esophageal carcinomas are changing, and clinical imagers are required to understand both the imaging appearances of common... (Review)
Review
The epidemiology and clinical management of esophageal carcinomas are changing, and clinical imagers are required to understand both the imaging appearances of common cancers and the pathologic diagnoses that drive management. Rare esophageal malignancies and benign esophageal neoplasms have distinct imaging features that may suggest a diagnosis and guide the next steps clinically. Furthermore, these imaging features have a basis in pathology, and this article focuses on the relationship between pathologic features and imaging manifestations that will help an informed imager maintain clinical relevance.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagus; Humans
PubMed: 33551082
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.11.002 -
Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular... 2017
Topics: Esophagus; Hernia, Hiatal; Humans
PubMed: 28988946
DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2017.09.009 -
Diseases of the Esophagus : Official... 2015This review gives an overview of the esophageal anastomosis. The history, various techniques and substitution organs, their advantages and disadvantages, healing... (Review)
Review
This review gives an overview of the esophageal anastomosis. The history, various techniques and substitution organs, their advantages and disadvantages, healing mechanism, complications, and actual trend of this essential part of esophageal surgery are described. The history of the esophageal anastomosis extending from the first anastomosis in 1901 to today has undergone more than one century. In the early days, the success rate of the anastomosis was extremely low. As the technology progressed, the anastomosis got significant achievement. Various anastomotic techniques are currently being used. However, controversies exist on the choice of anastomotic method concerning the success rate, postoperative complication and quality of life. How to choose the method, no one can give the best answer. We searched the manuscripts about the esophageal anastomoses in recent years and studied the controversy questions about the anastomosis. Performing an esophageal anastomosis is a technical matter, and suture healing is independent of the patient's biologic situation. Every anastomosis technique has its own merit, but the outcomes were different if it was performed by different surgeons, and we also found that the complication rate of the anastomosis was mainly associated with the surgeons. So the surgeons should learn from their previous experience and others to avoid technical errors.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Esophagectomy; Esophagus; Humans; Surgical Stapling; Suture Techniques; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 24438553
DOI: 10.1111/dote.12171 -
Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of... Sep 2022Esophageal foreign bodies such as food lumps, fish bones, dentures, press through packages (PTP), coins, and button batteries are well known, and those caused by...
Esophageal foreign bodies such as food lumps, fish bones, dentures, press through packages (PTP), coins, and button batteries are well known, and those caused by accidental ingestion of foreign bodies are often treated by multiple departments. Risk factors such as dementia, psychiatric disorders, and malignancy have been pointed out as underlying diseases. The first choice is minimally invasive removal by X-ray fluoroscopy or endoscopy, but surgery is often indicated in refractory cases. Surgical methods include removal and drainage of the foreign body. In the past, open thoracotomy was reported, but in recent years, thoracoscopic surgery has become the standard. In this article, we will introduce the literature on surgery for thoracic esophageal foreign bodies, including our own experience.
Topics: Drainage; Endoscopy; Esophagus; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Thoracotomy
PubMed: 36155589
DOI: No ID Found -
Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Mar 2023The visceral or middle mediastinum contains nonvascular (trachea, carina, esophagus, and lymph nodes) and vascular structures (heart, ascending aorta, aortic arch,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The visceral or middle mediastinum contains nonvascular (trachea, carina, esophagus, and lymph nodes) and vascular structures (heart, ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta, superior vena cava, intrapericardial pulmonary arteries, thoracic duct).
OBJECTIVES
The various pathologies of the visceral mediastinum and imaging features are presented.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plain film radiography shows the gross anatomy and allows visualization of larger pathologies. However, for detailed anatomic and structural classification more sophisticated imaging techniques are required. Especially computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) are well suited for structural and functional assessment of mediastinal lesions.
CONCLUSION
This article summarizes the major pathologies of the visceral mediastinum.
Topics: Mediastinum; Vena Cava, Superior; Thoracic Duct; Trachea; Esophagus
PubMed: 36715716
DOI: 10.1007/s00117-023-01116-9 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Aug 2015The esophagus is a relatively simple organ that evolved to transport food and liquids through the thoracic cavity. It is the only part of the gastrointestinal tract that... (Review)
Review
The esophagus is a relatively simple organ that evolved to transport food and liquids through the thoracic cavity. It is the only part of the gastrointestinal tract that lacks any metabolic, digestive, or absorptive function. The mucosa of the adult esophagus is covered by a multilayered squamous epithelium with a remarkable similarity to the epithelium of the skin despite the fact that these tissues originate from two different germ layers. Here we review the developmental pathways involved in the establishment of the esophagus and the way these pathways regulate gut-airway separation. We summarize current knowledge of the mechanisms that maintain homeostasis in esophageal epithelial renewal in the adult and the molecular mechanism of the development of Barrett's metaplasia, the precursor lesion to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Finally, we examine the ongoing debate on the hierarchy of esophageal epithelial precursor cells and on the presence or absence of a specific esophageal stem cell population. Together the recent insights into esophageal development and homeostasis suggest that the pathways that establish the esophagus during development also play a role in the maintenance of the adult epithelium. We are beginning to understand how reflux of gastric content and the resulting chronic inflammation can transform the squamous esophageal epithelium to columnar intestinal type metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Embryonic Stem Cells; Epithelium; Esophageal Diseases; Esophagus; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Homeostasis; Humans
PubMed: 26138464
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00088.2015 -
Thoracic Surgery Clinics Aug 2018When a malignant fistula develops between esophagus and trachea, the underlying cancer is invariably incurable whether the primary site is in the esophagus or in the... (Review)
Review
When a malignant fistula develops between esophagus and trachea, the underlying cancer is invariably incurable whether the primary site is in the esophagus or in the trachea. The frequent complication of this fistula is nonresolving aspiration pneumonia, either from ingestion or from backward flow of gastric contents into the esophagus. Pulmonary sepsis causes fatality in about 6 to 12 weeks if aspiration through the fistula is not treated quickly. The fistula develops in untreated esophageal cancer in approximately 5% to 15% of cases, lung cancer in less than 1% of cases, and tracheal cancer in 14.75% of cases.
Topics: Chemoradiotherapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Esophagus; Humans; Palliative Care; Trachea; Tracheal Neoplasms; Tracheoesophageal Fistula
PubMed: 30054077
DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2018.04.007