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Theriogenology Oct 2020This study was aimed to evaluate canine vasocystotomy as a testosterone-preserving method of sterilization and investigate its potential post-operative complications....
This study was aimed to evaluate canine vasocystotomy as a testosterone-preserving method of sterilization and investigate its potential post-operative complications. Five healthy adult male dogs underwent surgical procedure to transplant vasa deferentia to the urinary bladder. Under general anesthesia, caudal abdomen was opened and both vasa deferentia were ligated and transected. Then, the proximal free ends were sutured to mucosal layer of urinary bladder on its cranio-dorsal aspect. Serum testosterone level was measured on a weekly basis. Six-week postoperative assessments were performed including semen and urine sampling, ultrasound, contrast vasography, and tissue sampling. Statistical analyses revealed no significant differences in serum testosterone levels compared to its baseline value. Along with non-motile and broken spermatozoa, no cast or crystals were observed in urine samples. Semen analyses revealed azoospermia. No vasal obstruction or contrast leakage was observed in vasographs indicating bilateral patency in all dogs. Normal thickness of the bladder was found in ultrasounds. Histopathology showed normal testicular architecture and no inflammatory response was found in bladder or vas deferens following vasal transplantation. No significant change was found in testicular volume at the end of the study. This study suggested that vasocystostomy could be considered as an alternative method for canine sterilization with no significant changes in the testosterone concentrations and no evidence of postoperative complications. The preservation of testosterone could be regarded as an advantage and makes this approach favorable compared to the routine methods of sterilization especially for herding and guard dogs, because it prevents overpopulation while maintains the functionality.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Male; Spermatozoa; Sterilization; Sterilization, Reproductive; Testis; Vas Deferens
PubMed: 32784065
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.015 -
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and... Mar 2022Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) is a major cause of obstructive azoospermia and male factor infertility. CBAVD is mainly caused by mutations in...
PURPOSE
Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) is a major cause of obstructive azoospermia and male factor infertility. CBAVD is mainly caused by mutations in the genes encoding CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) and ADGRG2 (adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2). This study aimed to describe CFTR and ADGRG2 variations in 46 Chinese CBAVD patients and evaluated sperm retrieval and assisted reproductive technology outcomes.
METHODS
The CFTR and ADGRG2 genes were sequenced and analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (WES), and variations were identified by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis was performed. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of patients undergoing sperm retrieval surgery and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
RESULTS
In total, 35 of 46 (76.09%) patients carried at least one variation in CFTR, but no copy number variants or ADGRG2 variations were found. In addition to the IVS9-5 T allele, there were 27 CFTR variations, of which 4 variations were novel and predicted to be damaging by bioinformatics. Spermatozoa were successfully retrachieved in 46 patients, and 39 of the patients had their own offspring through ICSI.
CONCLUSION
There are no obvious hotspot CFTR mutations in Chinese CBAVD patients besides the IVS9-5 T allele. Therefore, WES might be the best detection method, and genetic counseling should be different from that provided to Caucasian populations. After proper counseling, all patients can undergo sperm retrieval from their epididymis or testis, and most of them can have their own children through ICSI.
Topics: Child; China; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Male Urogenital Diseases; Mutation; Retrospective Studies; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; Vas Deferens
PubMed: 35119551
DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02417-z -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2021Adrenoceptors mediate the action of the sympathetic nervous system, including the contraction of the epididymis and vas deferens. The aim of this study was to...
Adrenoceptors mediate the action of the sympathetic nervous system, including the contraction of the epididymis and vas deferens. The aim of this study was to immunolocalize the adrenergic receptors in the reproductive tract of the male cat, as this information is not yet available. The epididymis and vas deferens of domestic cats and rats (the biological controls) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to determine the localization of the α1A-, α1B-, α1D-, α2A-, α2B-, α2C-, β1-, β2-, and β3-adrenoceptors. All the receptors were expressed in the peritubular smooth muscles of the cat, but the α1D-, α2C-, and β1-adrenoceptors were not detected in this tissue in the rat. For the α2A-adrenoceptor, the intensity of immunostaining differed significantly between the caput epididymis (weakest staining) and the vas deferens (strongest staining). The presence of all the types of the receptors was also detected in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in all the regions of the reproductive tract. The strong expression of the α2A-adrenoreceptor suggests it has a leading role in the contraction of the reproductive tract in the cat. The presence of other adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the epididymis and vas deferens indicates a potential clinical application for α1-mimetics in the optimization of pharmacological semen collection in felids.
PubMed: 33917846
DOI: 10.3390/ani11041049 -
Archives de Pediatrie : Organe Officiel... Feb 2020Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a channelopathy caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Diagnosis of CF has long... (Review)
Review
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a channelopathy caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Diagnosis of CF has long relied on a combination of clinical (including gastrointestinal and/or respiratory) symptoms and elevated sweat chloride concentration. After cloning of the CFTR gene in 1989, genetic analysis progressively became an important aspect of diagnosis. Although combination of sweat test and genetic analysis have simplified the diagnosis of CF in most cases, difficult situations remain, especially in cases that do not fulfill all diagnostic criteria. Such situations are most frequently encountered in patients presenting with a single-organ disease (e.g., congenital absence of the vas deferens, pancreatitis, bronchiectasis) leading to a diagnosis of CFTR-related disorder, or when the presence/ absence of CF is not resolved after newborn screening. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria of CF, with special emphasis on genetic testing. © 2020 French Society of Pediatrics. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Topics: Algorithms; Bronchiectasis; Cystic Fibrosis; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency; Genetic Testing; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar; Male; Mutation; Neonatal Screening; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Sweat; Vas Deferens
PubMed: 32172933
DOI: 10.1016/S0929-693X(20)30047-6 -
Case Reports in Surgery 2016Duplication of the vas deferens is a rare anomaly, defined as the presence of two distinct vasa deferentia within one spermatic cord, with only 28 cases reported...
Duplication of the vas deferens is a rare anomaly, defined as the presence of two distinct vasa deferentia within one spermatic cord, with only 28 cases reported worldwide since 1959. We report the case of a 63-year-old man with a duplicate vas deferens, presenting with abdominal pain from bowel obstruction secondary to incarcerated inguinal hernia. Spermatic cord dissection during hernioplasty revealed duplication of the vas deferens within the right spermatic cord. Doppler ultrasonography confirmed absence of waveforms in both vasa deferentia with arterial signal in the accompanying vessel. The hernia was repaired without complication. This report emphasizes recognition of duplicate vas deferens in avoiding iatrogenic injury and optimizing surgical outcome.
PubMed: 27840763
DOI: 10.1155/2016/8324925 -
Frontiers in Genetics 2022Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is a major cause of obstructive azoospermia. Mutations of and cause the majority of CAVD. Despite this, 10%-20% of CAVD...
Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is a major cause of obstructive azoospermia. Mutations of and cause the majority of CAVD. Despite this, 10%-20% of CAVD patients remain without a clear genetic diagnosis. Herein, the and genes were first sequenced using Sanger sequencing in 50 CAVD patients. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to further identify potential novel genetic causes in CAVD with hypospadias. In total, 29 of 50 CAVD patients carried at least one mutation, but no mutation was found. 5T was found to be the most frequent variant in our CAVD populations. Seven CAVD patients with hypospadias were further analyzed using WES. No homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations related to disorders of sex development (DSDs) or male infertility were identified by WES. CAVD with hypospadias presented lower testicular volume (9.71 ± 2.14 ml vs. 14.45 ± 2.93 ml, < 0.001) and higher FSH level (FSH: 7.28 ± 3.91 IU/L vs. 4.24 ± 1.96 IU/L, = 0.027) than CAVD without hypospadias. It is worth noting that neither or mutation nor homozygous or compound heterozygous gene mutations were identified in seven CAVD cases with hypospadias. However, nine heterozygous or hemizygous mutations were selected as potential pathogenic genes in CAVD with hypospadias. In conclusion, variants, especially 5T, play a major role in the Chinese CAVD population CAVD with hypospadias shows relatively lower testicular spermatogenesis, suggesting a different genetic basis or pathogenic factor from cystic fibrosis/CAVD or unilateral renal agenesis/CAVD.
PubMed: 36437957
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1035468 -
Molecular Human Reproduction Aug 2022Vasectomy is a widely used surgical technique creating an obstructive azoospermia. Although sperm cannot be ejaculated, the testis maintains sperm production in...
Vasectomy is a widely used surgical technique creating an obstructive azoospermia. Although sperm cannot be ejaculated, the testis maintains sperm production in vasectomized males. The continuous accumulation of sperm deposited in the epididymis and the vas deferens fraction necessarily need to be degraded and eliminated. While the elimination process is carried out by granulomas that form after vasectomy, the detailed mechanisms of sperm degradation are still not known. The aim was to assess whether sperm chromatin fragmentation (SCF), a mechanism that degrades the entire sperm genome at the toroid linker regions (TLRs), is activated after vasectomy in sperm cells. We vasectomized mice and evaluated the presence of TLR-specific double-strand breaks through pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and the Comet assay at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after surgery. Results for DNA damage (Olive tail moment) at single-cell level showed an increase of double-strand breaks after vasectomy for vas deferens sperm after 1, 2 and 3 weeks postvasectomy (21.78 ± 2.29; 19.71 ± 1.79 and 32.59 ± 1.81, respectively), compared to mock surgery (7.04 ± 1.03; 10.10 ± 1.29 and 8.64 ± 0.85, respectively; P < 0.001). Similar findings were obtained for cauda epididymis sperm (P < 0.001), but not for caput epididymis (P > 0.05). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed the presence of double-stranded breaks between 15 and 145 kb, indicating that DNA breaks were produced mainly in the sperm TLRs. Results presented here suggest that SCF is a mechanism activated in vas deferens after vasectomy to degrade sperm DNA when they cannot be ejaculated, preventing their function.
Topics: Animals; Chromatin; DNA; DNA Breaks; Epididymis; Male; Mice; Semen; Spermatozoa; Vas Deferens; Vasectomy
PubMed: 35929777
DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaac029 -
Human Fertility (Cambridge, England) Oct 2022The aim of the study was to detect the incidence and types of genital and renal duct anomalies associated with congenital absent vas deferens (CAVD). In 200 males with...
The aim of the study was to detect the incidence and types of genital and renal duct anomalies associated with congenital absent vas deferens (CAVD). In 200 males with CAVD, the demographic characteristics, physical examination findings were evaluated. Scrotal ultrasonography and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) were used as the diagnostic methods for evaluating unilateral or bilateral CAVD with associated abnormalities or agenesis of the testes, epididymes, seminal vesicles and prostate. Abdominal ultrasound was performed to detect any associated renal anomalies. There were a total of 111 CBAVD and 89 CUAVD males. Eight cases (8.98%) of CUAVD were associated with contralateral cryptorchidism. In most cases there were agenesis in the epididymal body and tail and seminal vesicles. Different types of renal anomalies (32.50%) especially renal agenesis were observed mainly in cases of left CUAVD and were predominately on the left hand side. An important implication of our study is the importance of requesting ultrasound of males with CAVD to discover any associated anomalies especially renal agenesis that may be ignored by many physicians.
Topics: Male; Humans; Vas Deferens; Cross-Sectional Studies; Egypt; Kidney Diseases
PubMed: 33908325
DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2021.1918352 -
International Journal of Impotence... Jan 2019Vasectomy is a popular and effective male surgical contraceptive method. Different techniques have been proposed to reduce failure rates and complications. In this...
OBJECTIVES
Vasectomy is a popular and effective male surgical contraceptive method. Different techniques have been proposed to reduce failure rates and complications. In this study, we sought to compare vas deferens occlusion rates using both standard occlusion techniques and LigaSure (LSVS) for vasectomy.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of nine patients underwent open radical retropubic prostatectomy at our institution. During the procedure, a total of 125 fresh vas deferens samples were obtained and divided into four groups as follows: Group 1: ligation (n = 22), Group 2; ligation and electrocauterization (n = 18), Group 3; 5 mm LSVS (n = 44), Group 4; 10 mm LSVS (n = 41). All specimens were harvested during surgery and subsequent histopathological assessments were performed to assess the luminal status of the vas deferens.
RESULTS
Histopathological evaluation revealed that the majority of vas lumens with LSVS (79.5% of Group 3 and 89.4% of Group 4) were totally occluded. With standard techniques, however, the majority of vas lumens (86.4 and 77.8% of Groups 1 and 2, respectively) maintained a tiny patency.
CONCLUSIONS
On histopathological review, the application of LSVS resulted in better occlusion rates, compared to standard ligation methods. These findings suggest a higher occlusive role for LSVS for vasectomy. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy and safety of this technique.
Topics: Humans; Male; Postoperative Complications; Prostatectomy; Vas Deferens; Vasectomy
PubMed: 30154455
DOI: 10.1038/s41443-018-0066-y -
Gates Open Research 2019Research evidence published 10 to 15 years ago has shown that the type of vasectomy surgical technique performed can influence the effectiveness and the safety of the...
Research evidence published 10 to 15 years ago has shown that the type of vasectomy surgical technique performed can influence the effectiveness and the safety of the procedure. The objective of this study was to determine if evidence-based vasectomy surgical techniques are integrated in the vasectomy programs of selected low-resource countries. The surgical techniques recommended to perform the two steps of the vasectomy procedure (isolation/exposition and occlusion of the vas deferens) were extracted from current evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Documents describing male sterilisation standards and practice from Kenya, Rwanda, India, Nepal, Mexico, Honduras, Colombia and Haiti were reviewed to assess adequacy with international guideline recommendations. Best recommended techniques are 1) a minimally invasive technique including the no-scalpel technique (known as the no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV)) to isolate and expose the vas deferens, and 2) cautery of the mucosa of the vas preferably combined with interposition of the fascia (FI) to occlude the vas deferens. The NSV is largely adopted and performed to isolate the vas in selected low-resources countries. Ligation and excision (LE) of a small segment of the vas deferens combined with FI is the most common vas occlusion technique mentioned in the country standards. Cautery as recommended in the guidelines is seldom used in selected countries. Effective and adapted vasectomy vas occlusion techniques are available, but are still underused in many low-resource countries. Providing the most effective vasectomy surgical techniques increases users' confidence and satisfaction regarding male sterilization and may lead to higher acceptability and uptake.
PubMed: 31259316
DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12986.2