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Pancreas Oct 2019Vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumors (VIPomas) are a group of rare neuroendocrine tumors, which cause a typical syndrome of watery diarrhea. Most of these... (Review)
Review
Vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumors (VIPomas) are a group of rare neuroendocrine tumors, which cause a typical syndrome of watery diarrhea. Most of these tumors are found in the pancreas and are usually detected at a later stage. Although curative resection is not possible in most of these tumors, both symptom and tumor control can be achieved by a multidimensional approach, to enable a long survival of most patients. There are no clear-cut guidelines for the management of VIPomas because of the rarity of this neoplasm and lack of prospective data. In this review, we discuss the available evidence on the clinical features and management of these rare tumors.
Topics: Diarrhea; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Pancreas; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Survival Analysis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Vipoma
PubMed: 31609932
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000001402 -
Pharmacotherapy Nov 2023There are several clinical practice guidelines concerning the use of fluid and vasoactive drug therapies in critically ill adult patients, but the recommendations in... (Review)
Review
There are several clinical practice guidelines concerning the use of fluid and vasoactive drug therapies in critically ill adult patients, but the recommendations in these guidelines are often based on low-quality evidence. Further, some were compiled prior to the publication of landmark clinical trials, particularly in the comparison of balanced crystalloid and normal saline. An important consideration in the treatment of critically ill patients is the application of precision medicine to provide the most effective care to groups of patients most likely to benefit from the therapy. Although not currently widely integrated into these practice guidelines, the utility of precision medicine in critical illness is a recognized research priority for fluid and vasoactive therapy management. The purpose of this narrative review was to illustrate the evaluation and challenges of providing precision fluid and vasoactive therapies to adult critically ill patients. The review includes a discussion of important investigations published after the release of currently available clinical practice guidelines to provide insight into how recommendations and research priorities may change future guidelines and bedside care for critically ill patients.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Fluid Therapy; Critical Illness; Crystalloid Solutions
PubMed: 36606689
DOI: 10.1002/phar.2763 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Feb 2022Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide that is produced by the lymphoid cells and plays a major role in immunological functions for controlling the... (Review)
Review
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide that is produced by the lymphoid cells and plays a major role in immunological functions for controlling the homeostasis of the immune system. VIP has been identified as a potent anti-inflammatory factor, in boosting both innate and adaptive immunity. Since December 2019, SARS-Cov-2 was found responsible for the disease COVID-19 which has spread worldwide. No specific therapies or 100% effective vaccines are yet available for the treatment of COVID-19. Drug repositioning may offer a strategy and several drugs have been repurposed, including lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, and tocilizumab. This paper describes the main pharmacological properties of synthetic VIP drug (Aviptadil) which is now under clinical trials. A patented formulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), named RLF-100 (Aviptadil), was developed and finally got approved for human trials by FDA in 2001 and in European medicines agency in 2005. It was awarded Orphan Drug Designation in 2001 by the US FDA for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome and for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in 2005. Investigational new drug (IND) licenses for human trials of Aviptadil was guaranteed by both the US FDA and EMEA. Preliminary clinical trials seem to support Aviptadil's benefit. However, such drugs like Aviptadil in COVID-19 patients have peculiar safety profiles. Thus, adequate clinical trials are necessary for these compounds.
Topics: COVID-19; Drug Combinations; Humans; Phentolamine; SARS-CoV-2; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
PubMed: 34846667
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17824-5 -
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai... Sep 2021The role of neuroimmunomodulation in allergic diseases is a research hotspot in recent years. Allergic rhinitis(AR) is caused by overactive immune response to a...
The role of neuroimmunomodulation in allergic diseases is a research hotspot in recent years. Allergic rhinitis(AR) is caused by overactive immune response to a foreign antigen in nasal mucosa. Immune cells release inflammatory mediators(including histamine, cytokines and neurotrophins), which directly activate peripheral neurons to mediate nasal congestion, itching, sneezing, and other hyperresponsive symptoms. Upon activation, these peripheral neurons release neurotransmitters (including acetylcholine and norepinephrine) and neuropeptides(including calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide) that directly act on immune cells to drive allergic inflammation. Neuro-immune signaling may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of AR. Therefore, a better understanding of these cellular and molecular neuro-immune interactions may inspire the discovery of new targets and novel therapies.
Topics: Humans; Nasal Mucosa; Neuroimmunomodulation; Neuropeptides; Rhinitis, Allergic; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
PubMed: 34628846
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2021.09.021 -
The Journal of Headache and Pain Mar 2018Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide implicated in a wide range of functions, such as nociception and in primary headaches. Regarding... (Review)
Review
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide implicated in a wide range of functions, such as nociception and in primary headaches. Regarding its localization, PACAP has been observed in the sensory trigeminal ganglion (TG), in the parasympathetic sphenopalatine (SPG) and otic ganglia (OTG), and in the brainstem trigeminocervical complex. Immunohistochemistry has shown PACAP-38 in numerous cell bodies of SPG/OTG, co-stored with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and, to a minor degree, with choline acetyltransferase. PACAP has in addition been found in a subpopulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive cells in the trigeminal system. The PACAP/VIP receptors (PAC, VPAC, and VPAC) are present in sensory neurons and in vascular smooth muscle related to the trigeminovascular system. It is postulated that PACAP is involved in nociception. In support, abolishment of PACAP synthesis or reception leads to diminished pain responses, whereas systemic PACAP-38 infusion triggers pain behavior in animals and delayed migraine-like attacks in migraine patients without marked vasodilatory effects. In addition, increased plasma levels have been documented in acute migraine attacks and in cluster headache, in accordance with findings in experimental models of trigeminal activation. This suggest that the activation of the trigeminal system may result in elevated venous levels of PACAP, a change that can be reduced when headache is treated. The data presented in this review indicate that PACAP and its receptors may be promising targets for migraine therapeutics.
Topics: Animals; Ganglia, Parasympathetic; Headache Disorders, Primary; Humans; Neurons, Afferent; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I; Trigeminal Ganglion; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
PubMed: 29523978
DOI: 10.1186/s10194-018-0852-4 -
Nature Chemical Biology Oct 2023Despite wide appreciation of the biological role of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) signaling, questions remain about the chemical nature of NOS-derived bioactivity....
Despite wide appreciation of the biological role of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) signaling, questions remain about the chemical nature of NOS-derived bioactivity. Here we show that NO-like bioactivity can be efficiently transduced by mobile NO-ferroheme species, which can transfer between proteins, partition into a hydrophobic phase and directly activate the sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway without intermediacy of free NO. The NO-ferroheme species (with or without a protein carrier) efficiently relax isolated blood vessels and induce hypotension in rodents, which is greatly potentiated after the blockade of NOS activity. While free NO-induced relaxations are abolished by an NO scavenger and in the presence of red blood cells or blood plasma, a model compound, NO-ferroheme-myoglobin preserves its vasoactivity suggesting the physiological relevance of NO-ferroheme species. We conclude that NO-ferroheme behaves as a signaling entity in the vasculature.
Topics: Nitric Oxide; Erythrocytes; Heme; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 37710073
DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01411-5 -
Translational Stroke Research Feb 2023Therapeutic induction of collateral flow as a means to salvage tissue and improve outcome from acute ischemic stroke is a promising approach in the era in which... (Review)
Review
Therapeutic induction of collateral flow as a means to salvage tissue and improve outcome from acute ischemic stroke is a promising approach in the era in which endovascular therapy is no longer time-dependent but collateral-dependent. The importance of collateral flow enhancement as a therapeutic for acute ischemic stroke extends beyond those patients with large amounts of salvageable tissue. It also has the potential to extend the time window for reperfusion therapies in patients who are ineligible for endovascular thrombectomy. In addition, collateral enhancement may be an important adjuvant to neuroprotective agents by providing a more robust vascular route for which treatments can gain access to at risk tissue. However, our understanding of collateral hemodynamics, including under comorbid conditions that are highly prevalent in the stroke population, has hindered the efficacy of collateral flow augmentation for improving stroke outcome in the clinical setting. This review will discuss our current understanding of pial collateral function and hemodynamics, including vasoactivity that is critical for enhancing penumbral perfusion. In addition, mechanisms by which collateral flow can be increased during acute ischemic stroke to limit ischemic injury, that may be different depending on the state of the brain and vasculature prior to stroke, will also be reviewed.
Topics: Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Brain Ischemia; Stroke; Brain; Thrombectomy; Collateral Circulation; Cerebrovascular Circulation
PubMed: 35416577
DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01019-2 -
Current Opinion in Endocrinology,... Apr 2021To discuss recent advances of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptors in pharmacology, cell biology, and... (Review)
Review
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide/vasoactive intestinal peptide [Part 1]: biology, pharmacology, and new insights into their cellular basis of action/signaling which are providing new therapeutic targets.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To discuss recent advances of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptors in pharmacology, cell biology, and intracellular signaling in cancer.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent studies provide new insights into the pharmacology, cell biology of the VIP/PACAP system and show they play important roles in a number of human cancers, as well as in tumor growth/differentiation and are providing an increased understanding of their signaling cascade that is suggesting new treatment targets/approaches.
SUMMARY
Recent insights from studies of VIP/PACAP and their receptors in both central nervous system disorders and inflammatory disorders suggest possible new treatment approaches. Elucidation of the exact roles of VIP/PACAP in these disorders and development of new therapeutic approaches involving these peptides have been limited by lack of specific pharmacological tools, and exact signaling mechanisms involved, mediating their effects. Reviewed here are recent insights from the elucidation of structural basis for VIP/PACAP receptor activation as well as the signaling cascades mediating their cellular effects (using results primarily from the study of their effects in cancer) that will likely lead to novel targets and treatment approaches in these diseases.
Topics: Biology; Humans; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
PubMed: 33449573
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000617 -
Experimental Eye Research Mar 2023We have previously reported that porcine retinal veins can be contracted by vasoactive factors such as endothelin-1, but it is still unknown which cells play the major...
We have previously reported that porcine retinal veins can be contracted by vasoactive factors such as endothelin-1, but it is still unknown which cells play the major role in such contraction responses. This study seeks to confirm whether retinal vein endothelial cells play a significant role in the endothelin-1 induced contraction of porcine retinal veins. This is a novel study which provides confirmation of the endothelial cells' ability to contract retinal veins using a live vessel preparation. Retinal veins were isolated from porcine retina and cannulated for perfusion. The vessels were exposed to extraluminal delivery of endothelin-1 (10 M) and change in vessel diameter recorded automatically every 2 s. A phase contrast objective lens was also used to capture images of the endothelial cell morphometries. The length, width, area, and perimeter were assessed. In addition, vein histology and immuno-labeling for contractile proteins was performed. With 10 M endothelin-1 contractions to 63.6% of baseline were seen. The polygonal shape of the endothelial cells under normal tone became spindle-like after contraction. The area, width, perimeter and length were significantly reduced by 54.8%, 48.1%, 28.5% and 10.5% respectively. Three contractile proteins, myosin, calponin and alpha-SMA were found in retinal vein endothelial cells. Retinal vein endothelial cells contain contractile proteins and can be contracted by endothelin-1 administration. Such contractile capability may be important in regulating retinal perfusion but could also be a factor in the pathogenesis of retinal vascular diseases such as retinal vein occlusion. As far as we are aware, this is the first study on living isolated veins to confirm that endothelial cells contribute to the endothelin-1 induced contraction.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Retinal Vein; Endothelin-1; Endothelial Cells; Retinal Artery; Endothelium, Vascular; Contractile Proteins; Muscle Contraction; Endothelins
PubMed: 36657697
DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109386 -
Journal of Biomedical Science Aug 2016Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) plays important roles in many biological functions, such as, stimulation of contractility in the heart, vasodilation, promoting... (Review)
Review
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) plays important roles in many biological functions, such as, stimulation of contractility in the heart, vasodilation, promoting neuroendocrine-immune communication, lowering arterial blood pressure, and anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory activity. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and degenerative bone disease, which is one of the most common causes of disability and most common in both sexes as people become older. Interestingly VIP can prevent chronic cartilage damage and joint remodeling. This review article provides update information on the association of VIP and OA and its treatment. Evidences suggest that VIP is down-regulated in synovial fluid of OA, and VIP down-regulation leads to increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that might contribute to the pathogenesis of OA; however contradictory reports also exist suggesting that accumulation of VIP in joints can also contribute OA. A number of studies indicated that up-regulation of VIP can counteract the action of pro-inflammatory stimuli and alleviate the pain in OA. More clinical investigations are necessary to determine the biology of VIP and its therapeutic potential in OA that might represent the future standards of care for OA.
Topics: Cytokines; Down-Regulation; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Synovial Fluid; Up-Regulation; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
PubMed: 27553659
DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0280-1