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Current Opinion in Pharmacology Apr 2021The intrinsic vascular smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction show time-of-day variations, contributing to the blood pressure circadian rhythm, which is... (Review)
Review
The intrinsic vascular smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction show time-of-day variations, contributing to the blood pressure circadian rhythm, which is essential for cardiovascular health. This brief review provides an overview of our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the time-of-day variations of vascular smooth muscle contraction. We discuss the potential contribution of the time-of-day variations of vasoconstriction to the physiological blood pressure circadian rhythm. Finally, we survey the data obtained in the type 2 diabetic db/db mouse model that demonstrate the alterations of the time-of-day variations of vasoconstriction and the nondipping blood pressure in diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus; Mice; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 33721615
DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.02.001 -
Annual Review of Physiology Feb 2023Resistance arteries and arterioles evolved as specialized blood vessels serving two important functions: () regulating peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure... (Review)
Review
Resistance arteries and arterioles evolved as specialized blood vessels serving two important functions: () regulating peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure and () matching oxygen and nutrient delivery to metabolic demands of organs. These functions require control of vessel lumen cross-sectional area (vascular tone) via coordinated vascular cell responses governed by precise spatial-temporal communication between intracellular signaling pathways. Herein, we provide a contemporary overview of the significant roles that redox switches play in calcium signaling for orchestrated endothelial, smooth muscle, and red blood cell control of arterial vascular tone. Three interrelated themes are the focus: () smooth muscle to endothelial communication for vasoconstriction, () endothelial to smooth muscle cell cross talk for vasodilation, and () oxygen and red blood cell interregulation of vascular tone and blood flow. We intend for this thematic framework to highlight gaps in our current knowledge and potentially spark interest for cross-disciplinary studies moving forward.
Topics: Humans; Microcirculation; Vasodilation; Vasoconstriction; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen
PubMed: 36763969
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-021457 -
Anesthesiology Apr 2015Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) represents a fundamental difference between the pulmonary and systemic circulations. HPV is active in utero, reducing pulmonary... (Review)
Review
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) represents a fundamental difference between the pulmonary and systemic circulations. HPV is active in utero, reducing pulmonary blood flow, and in adults helps to match regional ventilation and perfusion although it has little effect in healthy lungs. Many factors affect HPV including pH or PCO2, cardiac output, and several drugs, including antihypertensives. In patients with lung pathology and any patient having one-lung ventilation, HPV contributes to maintaining oxygenation, so anesthesiologists should be aware of the effects of anesthesia on this protective reflex. Intravenous anesthetic drugs have little effect on HPV, but it is attenuated by inhaled anesthetics, although less so with newer agents. The reflex is biphasic, and once the second phase becomes active after about an hour of hypoxia, this pulmonary vasoconstriction takes hours to reverse when normoxia returns. This has significant clinical implications for repeated periods of one-lung ventilation.
Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Humans; Hypoxia; Lung; Pulmonary Circulation; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 25587641
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000569 -
Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) Jul 2015
Topics: Cerebrovascular Circulation; Humans; Hyperoxia; Infant, Newborn; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 26086478
DOI: 10.1111/apa.13004 -
Transactions of the American Clinical... 2017Cirrhosis leads to portal hypertension and vascular abnormalities in multiple vascular beds. There is intense vasoconstriction in the liver and the kidneys, but also... (Review)
Review
Cirrhosis leads to portal hypertension and vascular abnormalities in multiple vascular beds. There is intense vasoconstriction in the liver and the kidneys, but also vasodilation in the other vascular beds, including the periphery, lungs, brain, and mesentery. The derangement in each of these beds leads to specific clinical disease. The vasoconstrictive phenotype in the liver ultimately leads to clinical portal hypertension, and is caused by an imbalance of vasoconstrictive and vasorelaxing molecules, which will be the focus of this review.
Topics: Animals; Endothelial Cells; Gene Expression Regulation; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Liver Cirrhosis; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation
PubMed: 28790516
DOI: No ID Found -
Experimental Physiology Feb 2021This short review was prompted by The Physiological Society's recent online symposium on variability. It does not deal with a specific methodology, but rather with the...
This short review was prompted by The Physiological Society's recent online symposium on variability. It does not deal with a specific methodology, but rather with the myth that certain environmentally-induced clinical conditions can be identified, quantified, simplified and monitored with a single methodology. Although this might be possible with some clinical conditions, others resist the prevailing reductionist approach of minimizing rather than exploring variation in pathogenesis and pathology, and will not be understood fully until the variation in cause and effect are embraced. This is likely to require comprehensive methodologies and collaboration.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Cold Injury; Humans; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 33174651
DOI: 10.1113/EP089147 -
Current Clinical Pharmacology 2016Endothelin-1, (ET-1, EDN1) is an endogenous polypeptide which demonstrates dominant vasoconstriction activity and mitogenic effect. It has positive inotropic and... (Review)
Review
Endothelin-1, (ET-1, EDN1) is an endogenous polypeptide which demonstrates dominant vasoconstriction activity and mitogenic effect. It has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart, stimulates the sympathetic and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems and modifies homeostasis. The human ET-1 gene which consists of 6836 nucleotides located on chromosome 6p23-p24 produces Pre-pro-ET-1, which is consequently cleaved to big-ET-1. The mature 21-amino acid ET-1 is generated by subsequent enzymatic cleavage of the big-ET-1. A comprehensive review of the literature on the consequences of different ET-1 gene variants on ET-1 linked diseases has not been accomplished. Many variants of ET-1 gene, including transversion, transition, insertion, and repeated nucleotide polymorphisms, which influence the hereditary risk of cardiovascular and other related diseases have already been located, genotyped, and examined. Among them ten polymorphisms including transversion; -1370 (T-1370G) (rs1800541), +5665 (Lys198Asn) (rs5370), G2288T polymorphisms (rs2070699), and -974 C
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Endothelin-1; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Humans; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 27397091
DOI: 10.2174/1574884711666160701000900 -
Intensive Care Medicine Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Vasoconstriction; Shock, Septic
PubMed: 38358543
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-024-07332-8 -
Circulation Research Jan 2017There is nervous control of the heart by ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory-motor nerves, as well as in intracardiac neurons. Centers in... (Review)
Review
There is nervous control of the heart by ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory-motor nerves, as well as in intracardiac neurons. Centers in the brain control heart activities and vagal cardiovascular reflexes involve purines. Adenine nucleotides and nucleosides act on purinoceptors on cardiomyocytes, AV and SA nodes, cardiac fibroblasts, and coronary blood vessels. Vascular tone is controlled by a dual mechanism. ATP, released from perivascular sympathetic nerves, causes vasoconstriction largely via P2X1 receptors. Endothelial cells release ATP in response to changes in blood flow (via shear stress) or hypoxia, to act on P2 receptors on endothelial cells to produce nitric oxide, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, or prostaglandins to cause vasodilation. ATP is also released from sensory-motor nerves during antidromic reflex activity, to produce relaxation of some blood vessels. Purinergic signaling is involved in the physiology of erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes. ATP is released from erythrocytes and platelets, and purinoceptors and ectonucleotidases are expressed by these cells. P1, P2Y, P2Y, and P2X1 receptors are expressed on platelets, which mediate platelet aggregation and shape change. Long-term (trophic) actions of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides promote migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells via P1 and P2Y receptors during angiogenesis, vessel remodeling during restenosis after angioplasty and atherosclerosis. The involvement of purinergic signaling in cardiovascular pathophysiology and its therapeutic potential are discussed, including heart failure, infarction, arrhythmias, syncope, cardiomyopathy, angina, heart transplantation and coronary bypass grafts, coronary artery disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, ischemia, thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, and migraine.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Humans; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Receptors, Purinergic; Signal Transduction; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation
PubMed: 28057794
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309726 -
Experimental Physiology Aug 2016What is the topic of this review? This report looks at the role of endothelial nitric oxide signalling in the time-of-day variation in vasoconstriction of resistance... (Review)
Review
What is the topic of this review? This report looks at the role of endothelial nitric oxide signalling in the time-of-day variation in vasoconstriction of resistance vessels. What advances does it highlight? It highlights a time-of-day variation in contraction of mesenteric arteries, characterized by a reduced contractile response to either phenylephrine or high K(+) and increased relaxation in response to acetylcholine during the active period. This time-of-day variation in contraction results from a difference in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signalling that correlates with levels of eNOS expression, which peak during the active period and may have far reaching physiological consequences beyond regulation of blood pressure. There is a strong time-of-day variation in the vasoconstriction in response to sympathetic stimulation that may contribute to the time-of-day variation in blood pressure, which is characterized by a dip in blood pressure during the individual's rest period when sympathetic activity is low. Vasoconstriction is known to be regulated tightly by nitric oxide signalling from the endothelial cells, so we have looked at the effect of time-of-day on levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular contractility. Mesenteric arteries isolated from the nocturnal rat exhibit a time-of-day variation in their contractile response to α1 -adrenoreceptor and muscarinic activation, which is characterized by a reduced vasoconstriction in response to phenylephrine and enhanced vasodilatation in response to acetylcholine during the rat's active period at night. An increase in eNOS signalling during the active period is responsible for this time-of-day difference in response to phenylephrine and acetylcholine and correlates with the large increase in eNOS expression (mRNA and protein) during the active period, possibly driven by the presence of a functioning peripheral circadian clock. This increase in eNOS signalling may function to limit the increase in peripheral resistance and therefore blood pressure during the increased sympathetic activity.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Mesenteric Arteries; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Signal Transduction; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 27474265
DOI: 10.1113/EP085780