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MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Mar 2021
Review
Topics: Diet, Vegan; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Prospective Studies; Vegans; Vegetarians
PubMed: 33710554
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-021-9729-6 -
Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD Dec 2021
Topics: Diet; Diet, Vegan; Diet, Vegetarian; Humans; Orthorexia Nervosa; Vegans; Vegetarians
PubMed: 33630255
DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01135-2 -
Revue Medicale Suisse May 2024
Topics: Diet, Ketogenic; Humans; Diet, Vegan; Microbiota; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Immunity
PubMed: 38756039
DOI: 10.53738/REVMED.2024.20.874.998 -
Nutrients Dec 2021Interest in vegan diets has increased globally as well as in Slovenia. The quantity of new scientific data requires a thorough synthesis of new findings and... (Review)
Review
Interest in vegan diets has increased globally as well as in Slovenia. The quantity of new scientific data requires a thorough synthesis of new findings and considerations about the current reserved position of the vegan diet in Slovenia. There is frequently confusion about the benefits of vegetarian diets that are often uncritically passed on to vegan diets and vice versa. This narrative review aims to serve as a framework for a well-designed vegan diet. We present advice on how to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks associated with the vegan diet and lifestyle. We highlight the proper terminology, present the health effects of a vegan diet and emphasize the nutrients of concern. In addition, we provide guidance for implementing a well-designed vegan diet in daily life. We conducted a PubMed search, up to November 2021, for studies on key nutrients (proteins, vitamin B, vitamin D, omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), calcium, iron, zinc, iodine and selenium) in vegan diets. Given the limited amount of scientific evidence, we focus primarily on the general adult population. A well-designed vegan diet that includes a wide variety of plant foods and supplementation of vitamin B, vitamin D in the winter months and potentially EPA/DHA is safe and nutritionally adequate. It has the potential to maintain and/or to improve health. For physically active adult populations, athletes or individuals with fast-paced lifestyles, there is room for further appropriate supplementation of a conventional vegan diet according to individuals' health status, needs and goals without compromising their health. A healthy vegan lifestyle, as included in government guidelines for a healthy lifestyle, includes regular physical activity, avoidance of smoking, restriction of alcohol and appropriate sleep hygiene.
Topics: Diet, Vegan; Humans; Nutrients; Nutritional Requirements; Slovenia; Vegans
PubMed: 34960098
DOI: 10.3390/nu13124545 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Nov 2023Vegan and vegetarian diets are widely supported and adopted, but individuals following such diets remain at greater risk of iodine deficiency. This systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vegan and vegetarian diets are widely supported and adopted, but individuals following such diets remain at greater risk of iodine deficiency. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the iodine intake and status in adults following a vegan or vegetarian diet in the modern day. A systematic review and quality assessment were conducted from October 2020 to December 2022 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidance. Studies were identified in Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Eleven articles were eligible for review containing 4421 adults (aged ≥ 18 years). Vegan groups had the lowest median urinary iodine concentration (mUIC) (12·2/l). None of the dietary groups had mUIC within the optimal range for iodine status (100-200 µg/l) (WHO). Vegan diets had the poorest iodine intake (17·3 µg/d) and were strongly associated with lower iodine intake ( = < 0·001) compared with omnivorous diets. Lower intake in vegan diets was influenced by sex ( = 0·007), the presence of voluntary or absence of Universal Salt Iodisation (USI) programmes ( = 0·01 & = < 0·001), and living in a country with adequate iodine nutrition ( = < 0·001). Vegetarians and particularly vegans living in countries with no current USI programme continue to have increased risk of low iodine status, iodine deficiency and inadequate iodine intake. Further research into the usefulness of mandatory fortification of vegan appropriate foods is required.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Diet, Vegan; Vegans; Iodine; Diet, Vegetarian; Nutritional Status; Vegetarians
PubMed: 36912094
DOI: 10.1017/S000711452300051X -
European Heart Journal Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Diet, Vegan; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Lipoproteins; Atherosclerosis; Lipids; Vegetarians
PubMed: 37226572
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad239 -
Nutrients Nov 2023The scientific discourse on vegan diets for children and adolescents primarily involves referencing position statement papers from different scientific and professional... (Review)
Review
The scientific discourse on vegan diets for children and adolescents primarily involves referencing position statement papers from different scientific and professional organizations, including paediatric associations. Over the past two decades, specialized associations have issued official statements and published position papers about adopting well-designed vegan diets during crucial life stages, including pregnancy and lactation, infancy, and childhood. A subset of these associations firmly supports the notion that a well-designed vegan diet can indeed be healthy and support normal growth and development during particularly delicate life stages, emphasizing careful planning, vitamin B12 supplementation, and regular supervised medical and dietetics oversight. In contrast, specific paediatric associations caution against vegan diets for children and adolescents, citing potential harm and the lack of adequate substantiation. These criticisms in position papers frequently point to lower-quality studies and/or outdated studies. Additionally, concerns extend to comparing vegan and omnivorous diets, considering public health issues such as obesity and early stages of cardiovascular disease as well as the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Notably, some scepticism stems from studies where children's adherence to a well-designed vegan diet is incomplete. Scientific rigor suggests performing a comparable assessment of omnivorous and vegan diets. This narrative review highlights the need for a comprehensive, up-to-date literature review to inform balanced perspectives on vegan diets for children and adolescents. Researchers and decision-makers should aim to actively improve the design and consistent implementation of both diet types.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Adolescent; Humans; Child; Diet, Vegan; Diet, Vegetarian; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Nutritional Requirements; Vegans
PubMed: 38004109
DOI: 10.3390/nu15224715 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2023In the Middle East, particularly in Saudi Arabia, the offering of a meat dish to guests is a deeply embedded cultural tradition, and a meat-based diet is the standard in...
In the Middle East, particularly in Saudi Arabia, the offering of a meat dish to guests is a deeply embedded cultural tradition, and a meat-based diet is the standard in Saudi Arabia. Thus, the rise of veganism and vegetarianism within Saudi Arabia is surprising and worthy of attention, as is understanding the perceptions and motivations behind this phenomenon, particularly as they relate to food and sustainability. This research was designed to investigate this emerging phenomenon and to identify key differences in dietarian identity between Saudi vegetarians and vegans using Rosenfeld and Burrow's Dietarian Identity Questionnaire. Among other results, the vegan group scored significantly higher on the prosocial motivation construct, suggesting the desire to help society as a whole is a stronger motivating factor for vegans. As well, the vegan cohort scored higher in the personal motivation category. From an environmental and public health perspective, understanding the key factors motivating individuals to adopt a vegetarian or vegan diet in a meat-based culture like Saudi Arabia can be used to encourage others to pursue more healthy and sustainable food behaviors.
Topics: Humans; Vegans; Diet, Vegan; Motivation; Feeding Behavior; Vegetarians; Diet, Vegetarian; Diet; Meat
PubMed: 37328535
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36980-x -
Nutrients Jul 2022Studies suggest a decreasing trend in the consumption of meat products and a growing interest in vegetarian diets. Medical support may be relevant, especially when...
Studies suggest a decreasing trend in the consumption of meat products and a growing interest in vegetarian diets. Medical support may be relevant, especially when switching to a vegan diet. Our objective was to describe the beliefs and attitudes of primary care physicians toward vegetarian diets. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among general practitioners and pediatricians thorough a questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, specific care to vegetarians, and the risks and benefits of vegetarian diets according to physicians. Out of the 177 participating physicians, 104 (59%) have seen at least one vegetarian patient in consultation in the last three months. Half of the physicians declared that they would dissuade their patients from switching to a vegan diet ( = 88, 51%) and 14% ( = 24) from switching to an ovo-lacto-vegetarian (OLV) diet. Most physicians ( = 141, 88%) did not feel informed enough about these diets. Physicians thought that the most frequent deficiencies for OLV and vegan diets were iron (76% and 84%, respectively) and protein (45% and 79%, respectively). These results highlight the fact that French primary care physicians feel concerned by this subject and need more information on these diets. Specific recommendations would be useful to support their practice and relationship with vegetarians.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Diet, Vegan; Diet, Vegetarian; General Practitioners; Humans; Pediatricians; Vegetarians
PubMed: 35956277
DOI: 10.3390/nu14153101 -
Joint Bone Spine Jul 2022
Topics: Diet, Vegan; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Vegans
PubMed: 35093612
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2022.105349