-
Future Microbiology Aug 2019Multidrug resistance (MDR) in anaerobes is not a well-known topic. group isolates have numerous resistance determinants such as multidrug efflux pumps, and genes and... (Review)
Review
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in anaerobes is not a well-known topic. group isolates have numerous resistance determinants such as multidrug efflux pumps, and genes and activating insertion sequences, and some isolates exhibited extensive drug-resistant patterns. MDR rates in group were from 1.5 to >18% and up to >71% in and positive isolates carrying insertion sequences. MDR was present in >1/2 of isolates, most often in epidemic/hypervirulent strains and unusually high metronidazole or vancomycin resistance has been reported in single studies. MDR was found in spp. (in ≤10% of isolates), spp. and . Resistance in the anaerobes tends to be less predictable and anaerobic microbiology is required in more laboratories. New hopes may be new antibiotics such as eravacycline, cadazolid, surotomycin, ridinilazol or toxoid vaccines; however, more efforts are needed to track the MDR in anaerobes.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 31469008
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0132 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2021A very low percentage of lung cancer (LC) cases are discovered at an early and treatable stage of the disease, leading to an abysmally low 5-year survival rate. This... (Review)
Review
A very low percentage of lung cancer (LC) cases are discovered at an early and treatable stage of the disease, leading to an abysmally low 5-year survival rate. This underscores the immediate necessity for improved diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for LC. Biopsied lung tissue, blood, and plasma are common sources used for LC diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. A growing number of studies have reported saliva to be a useful biological sample for early and noninvasive detection of oral and systemic diseases. Nevertheless, salivary biomarker discovery remains underresearched. Here, we have compiled the available literature to provide an overview of the current understanding of salivary markers for LC detection and provided perspectives for future clinical significance. Valuable markers with diagnostic and prognostic potentials in LC have been discovered in saliva, including metabolic (catalase activity, triene conjugates, and Schiff bases), inflammatory (interleukin 10, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10), proteomic (haptoglobin, zinc--2-glycoprotein, and calprotectin), genomic (epidermal growth factor receptor), and microbial candidates ( and ). In combination, with each other and with other established screening methods, these salivary markers could be useful for improving early detection of the disease and ultimately improve the survival odds of LC patients. The existing literature suggests that saliva is a promising biological sample for identification and validation of biomarkers in LC, but how saliva can be utilized most effectively in a clinical setting for LC management is still under investigation.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genomics; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Proteomics; Saliva
PubMed: 34690552
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6019791 -
Medecine Et Maladies Infectieuses Feb 2019Veillonella parvula is an anaerobic Gram-negative coccus rarely involved in bone and joint infections.
OBJECTIVES
Veillonella parvula is an anaerobic Gram-negative coccus rarely involved in bone and joint infections.
PATIENTS AND METHOD
We report the case of a Veillonella parvula vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) in a female patient without any risk factor.
RESULTS
The 35-year-old patient was immunocompetent and presented with Veillonella parvula VO. She was admitted to hospital for inflammatory lower back pain. The discovertebral sample was positive for Veillonella parvula. Literature data on Veillonella VO is scarce. Reported cases usually occurred in immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis delay can be up to four months. Patients are usually afebrile. Outcome with antimicrobial treatment alone is favorable in half of cases. Other patients must undergo surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
Veillonella VO may occur in immunocompetent patients and have a clinical spectrum of mechanical lower back pain.
Topics: Adult; Discitis; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Immunocompetence; Lumbar Vertebrae; Osteomyelitis; Veillonella
PubMed: 30385069
DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2018.10.001 -
Microorganisms Nov 2022Billions of microbes sculpt the gut ecosystem, affecting physiology. Since endurance athletes' performance is often physiology-limited, understanding the composition and...
Billions of microbes sculpt the gut ecosystem, affecting physiology. Since endurance athletes' performance is often physiology-limited, understanding the composition and interactions within athletes' gut microbiota could improve performance. Individual studies describe differences in the relative abundance of bacterial taxa in endurance athletes, suggesting the existence of an "endurance microbiota", yet the taxa identified are mostly non-overlapping. To narrow down the source of this variation, we created a bioinformatics workflow and reanalyzed fecal microbiota from four 16S rRNA gene sequence datasets associated with endurance athletes and controls, examining diversity, relative abundance, correlations, and association networks. There were no significant differences in alpha diversity among all datasets and only one out of four datasets showed a significant overall difference in bacterial community abundance. When bacteria were examined individually, there were no genera with significantly different relative abundance in all four datasets. Two genera were significantly different in two datasets ( and ). No changes in correlated abundances were consistent across datasets. A power analysis using the variance in relative abundance detected in each dataset indicated that much larger sample sizes will be necessary to detect a modest difference in relative abundance especially given the multitude of covariates. Our analysis confirms several challenges when comparing microbiota in general, and indicates that microbes consistently or universally associated with human endurance remain elusive.
PubMed: 36363806
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112213 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Dec 2024Veillonella spp. are Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens present in the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts of mammals. An abnormal increase in Veillonella...
Veillonella spp. are Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens present in the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts of mammals. An abnormal increase in Veillonella relative abundance in the body is closely associated with periodontitis, inflammatory bowel disease, urinary tract infections, and many other diseases. We designed a pair of primers and a probe based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Veillonella and conducted real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to quantify the abundance of Veillonella in fecal samples. These two methods were tested for specificity and sensitivity using simulated clinical samples. The sensitivity of qPCR was 100 copies/μL, allowing for the accurate detection of a wide range of Veillonella concentrations from 10 to 10 CFU/mL. The sensitivity of ddPCR was 11.3 copies/μL, only allowing for the accurate detection of Veillonella concentrations from 10 to 10 CFU/mL because of the limited number of droplets generated by ddPCR. ddPCR is therefore more suitable for the detection of low-abundance Veillonella samples. To characterize the validity of the assay system, clinical samples from children with inflammatory bowel disease were collected and analyzed, and the results were verified using isolation methods. We conclude that molecular assays targeting the 16S rRNA gene provides an important tool for the rapid diagnosis of chronic and infectious diseases caused by Veillonella and also supports the isolation and identification of Veillonella for research purposes. KEY POINTS: • With suitable primer sets, the qPCR has a wider detection range than ddPCR. • ddPCR is suitable for the detection of low-abundance samples. • Methods successfully guided the isolation of Veillonella in clinical sample.
Topics: Child; Humans; Biological Assay; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mammals; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Veillonella
PubMed: 38175238
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12861-1 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023The present study aims to investigate the effect of (Hp) infection on gastric mucosal microbiota in patients with chronic gastritis.
OBJECTIVE
The present study aims to investigate the effect of (Hp) infection on gastric mucosal microbiota in patients with chronic gastritis.
METHODS
Here recruited a population of 193 patients with both chronic gastritis and positive rapid urease, including 124 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and 69 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis (nCAG). Immunoblotting was used to detect four serum Hp antibodies (UreA, UreB, VacA and CagA) to determine the types of virulent Hp-I and avirulent Hp-II infections. Gastric microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region, and R software was used to present the relationship between the microbial characteristics and the type of Hp infection.
RESULTS
In the stomach of patients with Hp-positive gastritis, the dominant gastric bacterial genera included (23.94%), (20.28%), (9.99%), (9.21%), (5.05%), and (4.75%). The proportion of Hp-I infection was significantly higher in CAG patients (91.1%) than in nCAG patients (71.0%) ( < 0.001). The gastric microbiota richness index (observed OTUs, Chao) was significantly lower in CAG patients than in nCAG patients (0.05). Compared with avirulent Hp-II infection, virulent Hp-I infection significantly decreased the Shannon index in CAG patients (0.05). In nCAG patients, Hp-I infected patients had lower abundances of several dominant gastric bacteria (, , , , ) than Hp-II infected patients. Meanwhile, in CAG patients, Hp-I infected patients occupied lower abundances of several dominant oral bacteria (, and ) than Hp-II infected patients. In addition, bile reflux significantly promoted the colonization of dominant oral microbiota (, and ) in the stomach of CAG patients. There was no significant symbiotic relationship between bacteria and non- bacteria in the stomach of nCAG patients, while bacteria distinctly linked with the non- bacteria (, , , and ) in CAG patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Virulent Hp infection alters the gastric microbiota, reduces microbial diversity, and enhances the symbiotic relationship between the bacteria and non- bacteria in patients with chronic gastritis. The data provides new evidence for treating Hp infection by improving the gastric microbiota.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Gastritis
PubMed: 37662018
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1221433 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Mar 2021
Topics: Animals; Athletic Performance; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Lactic Acid; Mice; Mouth; Nitrates; Propionates; Symbiosis; Veillonella
PubMed: 32447320
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102094 -
Microorganisms May 2023Oral dysbiosis has long been associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this work, we explore the relationship between the oral and tumor microbiomes of...
Oral dysbiosis has long been associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this work, we explore the relationship between the oral and tumor microbiomes of patients diagnosed with PDAC. Salivary and tumor microbiomes were analyzed using a variety of sequencing methods, resulting in a high prevalence and relative abundance of oral bacteria, particularly and , within tumor tissue. The most prevalent and abundant taxon found within both saliva and tumor tissue samples, , was cultured from patient saliva, sequenced and annotated, identifying genes that potentially contribute to tumorigenesis. High sequence similarity was observed between sequences recovered from patient matched saliva and tumor tissue, indicating that the taxa found in PDAC tumors may derive from the mouth. These findings may have clinical implications in the care and treatment of patients diagnosed with PDAC.
PubMed: 37374966
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061466 -
JDR Clinical and Translational Research Jul 2021To compare the oral microbiota of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) with that of healthy subjects (HS).
OBJECTIVE
To compare the oral microbiota of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) with that of healthy subjects (HS).
METHODS
Supragingival and subgingival biofilm samples were collected from the mesial-buccal tooth surfaces of SS patients (n = 57) and age- and sex-matched HS (n = 53). Unstimulated saliva and 8 oral tissue samples were taken using a buccal brush. Caries and periodontal measures were recorded. All supragingival samples and a subgroup of 24 SS and 28 HS subgingival samples, as well as 32 SS and 11 HS saliva and oral tissue samples, were analyzed for their content of 41 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Mean levels (×10 ± SEM) and percentage of DNA probe counts of each species were determined for each sample site and averaged within subjects in the 2 clinical groups. Kruskal-Wallis tests, adjusting for multiple comparisons and cluster analysis, were used for soft tissue and microbial analysis, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare caries and periodontal measures.
RESULTS
Mean (×10 ± SEM) total DNA probe counts in supragingival samples were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the SS (13.3 ± .7) compared to the HS (44.1 ± 6.8) group. In supragingival samples, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincenti, and Propionibacterium acnes were markedly elevated in the SS compared to the HS group in both mean (×10 ± SEM) and mean (± SEM) percentage DNA probe counts (P < 0.001). In subgingival samples of SS, V. parvula was significantly different compared to HS (P < 0.05). SS was characterized by high levels of purple and low levels of orange and red complexes. Cluster analysis of oral tissues and saliva demonstrated that the mean microbial profiles for SS patients and the HS group clustered separately. Active root caries (P < 0.003) and attachment loss were significantly higher (P < 0.029) in the SS group compared to the HS group.
CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that saliva is a major controlling factor of intraoral biofilm. V. parvula may be a unique microbial biomarker for Sjögren's syndrome.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT
The microbiome characterized for Sjögren's syndrome in salivary hypofunction is shown to be under stress and reduced. Veillonella parvula can be a possible identification of a biomarker for Sjögren's syndrome.
Topics: Colony Count, Microbial; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Plaque; Humans; Microbiota; Sjogren's Syndrome; Veillonella
PubMed: 32689841
DOI: 10.1177/2380084420940623 -
BMC Microbiology Nov 2023Infantile cholestasis (IC) is the most common hepatobiliary disease in infants, resulting in elevated direct bilirubin levels. Indeed, hepatointestinal circulation...
BACKGROUND
Infantile cholestasis (IC) is the most common hepatobiliary disease in infants, resulting in elevated direct bilirubin levels. Indeed, hepatointestinal circulation impacts bile acid and bilirubin metabolism. This study evaluates changes in the gut microbiota composition in children with IC and identifies abnormal metabolite profiles associated with microbial alterations.
RESULTS
The gut microbiota in the IC group exhibits the higher abundance of Veillonella, Streptococcus and Clostridium spp. (P < 0.05), compared to healthy infants (CON) group. Moreover, the abundance of Ruminococcus, Vibrio butyricum, Eubacterium coprostanogenes group, Intestinibacter, and Faecalibacterium were lower (P < 0.05). In terms of microbiota-derived metabolites, the levels of fatty acids (palmitoleic, α-linolenic, arachidonic, and linoleic) (P < 0.05) increased and the levels of amino acids decreased in IC group. Furthermore, the abundances of Ruminococcus, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Intestinibacter and Butyrivibrio are positively correlated with proline, asparagine and aspartic acid, but negatively correlated with the α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid and arachidonic acid. For analysis of the relationship between the microbiota and clinical index, it was found that the abundance of Veillonella and Streptococcus was positively correlated with serum bile acid content (P < 0.05), while APTT, PT and INR were negatively correlated with Faecalibalum and Ruminococcus (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Microbiota dysbiosis happened in IC children, which also can lead to the abnormal metabolism, thus obstructing the absorption of enteral nutrition and aggravating liver cell damage. Veillonella, Ruminococcus and Butyrivibrio may be important microbiome related with IC and need further research.
Topics: Infant; Child; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cholestasis; Liver; Streptococcus; Bilirubin; Bile Acids and Salts
PubMed: 37980506
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03115-1